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He Q, Lin FX, Su JY, Zhuo LY, Zhu Q, Sun XC, Jiang RC, Yao ZG, Wang L, Dang YW, Liu DZ, Liu Y, Fang WH, Wang FY, Lin YX, Wang AX, Wang DL, Kang DZ. Naoxueshu Oral Liquid Accelerates Post-Craniotomy Hematoma Absorption in Patients: An Open-Label, Multicenter, and Randomized Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2024:10.1007/s11655-024-3902-6. [PMID: 38570473 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-024-3902-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether Naoxueshu Oral Liquid (NXS) could promote hematoma absorption in post-craniotomy hematoma (PCH) patients. METHODS This is an open-label, multicenter, and randomized controlled trial conducted at 9 hospitals in China. Patients aged 18-80 years with post-craniotomy supratentorial hematoma volume ranging from 10 to 30 mL or post-craniotomy infratentorial hematoma volume less than 10 mL, or intraventricular hemorrhage following cranial surgery were enrolled. They were randomly assigned at a 1:1 ratio to the NXS (10 mL thrice daily for 15 days) or control groups using a randomization code table. Standard medical care was administered in both groups. The primary outcome was the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15. The secondary outcomes included the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 7, the absolute reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 7 and 15, and the change in neurological function from day 1 to day 7 and 15. The safety was closely monitored throughout the study. Moreover, subgroup analysis was performed based on age, gender, history of diabetes, and etiology of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). RESULTS A total of 120 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned between March 30, 2018 and April 15, 2020. One patient was lost to follow-up in the control group. Finally, there were 119 patients (60 in the NXS group and 59 in the control group) included in the analysis. In the full analysis set (FAS) analysis, the NXS group had a greater percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15 than the control group [median (Q1, Q3): 85% (71%, 97%) vs. 76% (53%, 93%), P<0.05]. The secondary outcomes showed no statistical significance between two groups, either in FAS or per-protocol set (P>0.05). Furthermore, no adverse events were reported during the study. In the FAS analysis, the NXS group exhibited a higher percentage reduction in hematoma volume on day 15 in the following subgroups: male patients, patients younger than 65 years, patients without diabetes, or those with initial cranial surgery due to ICH (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The administration of NXS demonstrated the potential to promote the percentage reduction in hematoma volume from day 1 to day 15. This intervention was found to be safe and feasible. The response to NXS may be influenced by patient characteristics. (Registration No. ChiCTR1800017981).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
| | - Fu-Xin Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Jin-Ye Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
| | - Ling-Yun Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Rong-Cai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050000, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443000, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yichang Central People's Hospital, Yichang, Hubei Province, 443000, China
| | - Yan-Wei Dang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangyang No. 1 People's Hospital Affiliated to Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangfan, Hubei Province, 441100, China
| | - De-Zhong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhoukou Central Hospital, Zhoukou, Henan Province, 466000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang, Sichuan Province, 621000, China
| | - Wen-Hua Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Fang-Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - Yuan-Xiang Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - An-Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Clinical Trial, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100000, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Deng-Liang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China
| | - De-Zhi Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Binhai Branch of National Regional Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350209, China.
- Clinical Research and Translation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Fujian Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
- Fujian Provincial Institutes of Brain Disorders and Brain Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350004, China.
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Zhu W, Wang S, Zhang L, Xie FQ, Cheng J, Li XK, Chen W, Yan SY, Feng QM. Efficacy and safety of Tongxin formula after stent implantation for acute coronary syndrome: A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Explore (NY) 2024:S1550-8307(24)00055-7. [PMID: 38503613 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to comprehensively evaluate both the efficacy and safety profile of integrating the Tongxin formula with optimal medical therapy (OMT) for patients experiencing acute coronary syndromes subsequent to coronary stenting, over the course of one year. METHODS We enrolled 150 patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndromes who had received stent placement within one month and exhibited a TCM syndrome characterized by Qi deficiency and blood stasis. This group comprised patients with unstable angina, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, and ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. The participants were divided equally, allocating 75 to the Tongxin formula group and 75 to a placebo-controlled group. After undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) surgery, both groups received conventional Western medical care, including dual antiplatelet therapy and lipid-lowering medications. The placebo-controlled group received a placebo, while the Tongxin formula group were administered Tongxin formula granules orally. Both study cohorts were monitored for a duration of 6 months. The primary endpoints included the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events and the rate of lumen diameter reduction post-treatment in both groups, with the Seattle Angina Scale serving as a secondary assessment tool. Safety evaluations encompassed the measurement of liver and kidney function, coagulation parameters, and other relevant indicators. RESULTS The rate of adverse cardiovascular events in the placebo-controlled group was 42.46 % within a year of surgery, whereas it was 16.90 % in the Tongxin formula group (P < 0.05). Comparing the Tongxin formula group to the placebo-controlled group, there was a decrease in the frequency of unstable angina and readmission due to cardiovascular events (P < 0.05). Coronary angiography performed 6 months after surgery revealed that the Tongxin formula group had considerably less lumen loss than the placebo-controlled group in a number of segments, including the entire segment, within the stent, at the proximal end, and at the distal end (P < 0.05). Six months after surgery, the Seattle angina score was higher in the Tongxin formula group than in the placebo-controlled group (P < 0.05). There were no significant changes in indicators such as liver and renal function as well as coagulation indexes in both groups within the first 12 months after surgery (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Tongxin formula has been shown to lower the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events, minimize narrowing of blood vessel lumen, enhance clinical symptoms, and enhance the quality of life of patients following PCI surgery, all while maintaining a good safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Su Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Feng-Qun Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Xian-Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shi-Yun Yan
- Institute of Science, Technology and Humanities, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qi-Mao Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 274 Zhijiang Middle Road Jing 'an District, Shanghai 200071, China.
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Huang H, Zhao H, Wenqing L, Xu F, Wang X, Yao Y, Huang Y. Prospect of research on anti-atherosclerosis effect of main components of traditional Chinese medicine Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe through gut microbiota: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37104. [PMID: 38306512 PMCID: PMC10843552 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases are on the rise globally, posing a severe threat to human health. Atherosclerosis (AS) is considered a multi-factorial inflammatory disease and the main pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, as well as the leading cause of death. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota can induce and exacerbate inflammatory reactions, accelerate metabolic disorders and immune function decline, and affect the progression and prognosis of AS-related diseases. The Chinese herbal medicine clinicians frequently utilize Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe, an effective therapeutic approach for the management of AS. This article reviews the correlation between the main components of Yiqi Huoxue Huatan recipe and the gut microbiota and AS to provide new directions and a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanjun Zhao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lv Wenqing
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Feiyue Xu
- Shanghai Pudong New District Pudong Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yili Yao
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Li FG, Shi XY, Yang L, Lu X, Qi Y, Li P, Yang H, Gao W. Quantitative proteomics based bioactive proteins discovery and quality control of medicinal leeches. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117117. [PMID: 37659761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leech, a classical traditional Chinese medicine for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, is mainly used in the clinical treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The discovery of activity proteins or peptides in the dead and dried medicinal leech is an important task with great challenges. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to provide a basic proteome profile and help further discover active proteins and quality control for medicinal leeches, which would also provide insight into the research of animal medicines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen batches of dried medicinal leeches covering three species were collected from medicinal markets, which were authenticated by DNA barcoding. Then the proteome of different species leeches was profiled to reveal the significantly different proteins using label-free proteomics. The characteristic peptides were screened out based on biological pathways analysis, which were further absolutely quantified using the developed stable isotope-labeled based parallel reaction monitoring method. RESULTS Seventeen batches of leech materials were Whitmania pigra Whitman (WP), Whitmania laevis Whitman (WL) and Poecilobdella manillensis Lesson (PM), respectively. A total of 1,035 proteins (452 in WP, 425 in WL and 158 in PM) were identified. Among them, 90 overlapping proteins were mainly concentrated in diverse metabolic pathways and primarily localized in the cytoplasm and mitochondrial inner membrane, which mainly related to ATP binding, catalytic activity and structural molecular activity. In total of 51 uniquely expressed proteins (21 in WP, 23 in WL and 7 in PM), associated with multiple key signaling pathways, including Rap1, cGMP-PKG, PI3K-Akt, Wnt and HIF-1, etc., relevant to treating cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer and even a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Three proteins with potential bioactivities, including Neurohemerythrin, Hirudin and Eglin C, were selected as the quality makers and then quantified based on the characteristic peptides. CONCLUSIONS This work profiled the proteome of three species of leeches, and addressed potential active proteins of the medicinal leech, which would help to provide the potential molecular mechanisms involved in disease treatment. The proteomics-based approach developed in this work is not only useful for the discovery of proteins with potential bioactivities but also helpful for the bioactivity relevant quality control of animal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Gui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xin-Yue Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Yan Qi
- Yangshengtang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
| | - Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Chen D, Ren Y, Jin J, Liu S, Zhan X, Li X, Liang R, Ding Z. Pingchong Jiangni recipe through nerve growth factor/transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 signaling pathway to relieve pain in endometriosis model rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116940. [PMID: 37479067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pingchong Jiangni recipe (PJR) is often used in the treatment of endometriosis (EM). This formula has been clinically validated by the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Specialties Collaborative Group for its therapeutic efficacy. Recently, our research team also confirmed that PJR has a shrinking effect on ovarian chocolate cysts. Additionally, PJR was also found to have a shrinking effect on EM lesions; however, the mechanism by which this effect occurs remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the mechanisms by which PJR relieves pain in patients with EM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rat model of EM was established by autologous transplantation. PJR (3.78 g/kg, 7.56 g/kg, and 15.12 g/kg) was orally administered for 21 days. The rat grimace scale (RGS) score and paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) were measured at a fixed time during the experiment. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to observe histopathological changes in EM rats after administration, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the plasma expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nerve growth factor (NGF), and immunohistochemistry and western blotting to identify differences in the expression of pain-related factors in EM rats. RESULTS The medium-dose group of PJR (7.56 g/kg) had the best effect on relieving pain in EM rats by reducing RGS, increasing PWT, reducing the ectopic endometrium, improving the cellular structure of the lesion, and reducing TNF-α and NGF levels. However, PJR significantly decreased the expression of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), phosphorylated TRPV1 (p-TRPV1), protein kinase C (PKC), and NGF. CONCLUSION The mechanism by which PJR relieves EM pain may be through the downregulation of NGF, PKC, and TRPV1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Yunying Ren
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Jing Jin
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Shuzhen Liu
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhan
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Xin Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Ruining Liang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
| | - Zhiling Ding
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, Jiangxi Province, China.
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Liao J, Gao M, Ding Y, Bi Q, Huang D, Luo X, Yang P, Li Y, Huang Y, Yao C, Zhang J, Wei W, Li Z, Guo DA. Characterization of the natural peptidome of four leeches by integrated proteogenomics and pseudotargeted peptidomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2795-2807. [PMID: 37133542 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04692-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Animal-derived drugs are an indispensable part of folk medicine worldwide. However, their chemical constituents are poorly approached, which leads to the low level of the quality standard system of animal-derived drugs and further causes a chaotic market. Natural peptides are ubiquitous throughout the organism, especially in animal-derived drugs. Thus, in this study, we used multi-source leeches, including Hirudo nipponica (HN), Whitmania pigra (WP), Whitmania acranulata (WA), and Poecilobdella manillensis (PM), as a model. A strategy integrating proteogenomics and novel pseudotargeted peptidomics was developed to characterize the natural peptide phenotype and screen for signature peptides of four leech species. First, natural peptides were sequenced against an in-house annotated protein database of closely related species constructed from RNA-seq data from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) website, which is an open-sourced public archive resource. Second, a novel pseudotargeted peptidomics integrating peptide ion pair extraction and retention time transfer was established to achieve high coverage and quantitative accuracy of the natural peptides and to screen for signature peptides for species authentication. In all, 2323 natural peptides were identified from four leech species whose databases were poorly annotated. The strategy was shown to significantly improve peptide identification. In addition, 36 of 167 differential peptides screened by pseudotargeted proteomics were identified, and about one-third of them came from the leucine-rich repeat domain (LRR) proteins, which are widely distributed in organisms. Furthermore, six signature peptides were screened with good specificity and stability, and four of them were validated by synthetic standards. Finally, a dynamic multiple reaction monitoring (dMRM) method based on these signature peptides was established and revealed that one-half of the commercial samples and all of the Tongxinluo capsules were derived from WP. All in all, the strategy developed in this study was effective for natural peptide characterization and signature peptide screening, which could also be applied to other animal-derived drugs, especially for modelless species that are less studied in protein database annotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Liao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Min Gao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yelin Ding
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qirui Bi
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dongdong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Peilei Yang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yun Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changliang Yao
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jianqing Zhang
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wenlong Wei
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhenwei Li
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - De-An Guo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Engineering Research Center for TCM Standardization Technology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Shen T, Wang S, Liang Q, Sharp JS, Wei Z. Characterization and antioxidant activities of glycosaminoglycans from dried leech. Glycoconj J 2023; 40:169-178. [PMID: 36749437 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-023-10105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Dried leech (Whitmania pigra whitman) has been widely used as a traditional animal-based Chinese medicine. Dried leech extracts have been reported to have various biological activities that are often associated with mammalian glycosaminoglycans. However, their presence and possible structural characteristics within dried leech were previously unknown. In this study, glycosaminoglycans were isolated from dried leech for the first time and their structures were analyzed by the combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate were detected in dried leech with varied disaccharide compositions and possess a heterogeneous structure. Heparan sulfate species possess an equal amount of total 2-O-sulfated, N-sulfated and acetylated disaccharides, while chondroitin sulfate /dermatan sulfate contain high content of 4-O-sulfated disaccharides. Also, the quantitative analysis revealed that the contents of heparan sulfate and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate in dried leech varied significantly, with chondroitin/dermatan sulfate being by far the most abundant. This novel structural information could help clarify the possible involvement of these polysaccharides in the biological activities of the dried leech. Furthermore, leech glycosaminoglycans showed a strong ABTS radical scavenging ability, which suggests the potential of leech polysaccharides for exploitation in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China
| | - Shangteng Wang
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China
| | - Quntao Liang
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, 38655, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Zheng Wei
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fu Zhou University, 350002, Fu Zhou, P.R. China.
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
- Institute of Glycobiochemistry, National Engineering Research Centre of Chemical Fertilizer Catalyst, Fuzhou University, 350002, Fuzhou, P.R. China.
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8
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Müller C, Wang Z, Hamann M, Sponholz D, Hildebrandt JP. Life without blood: Molecular and functional analysis of hirudins and hirudin-like factors of the Asian non-hematophagous leech Whitmania pigra. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:1808-1817. [PMID: 35587545 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several leech species of the genera Hirudo, Hirudinaria, and Whitmania are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the oral treatment of disorders associated with blood stasis. Among them, the non-hematophagous leech Whitmania pigra expresses a variety of components that have the potential to act on the vertebrate blood coagulation system. OBJECTIVE Whether the thrombin inhibitor hirudin, probably the most prominent leech-derived anticoagulant, is actually present in Whitmania pigra, is still a matter of debate. To answer that open question was the aim of the study. METHODS We identified several putative hirudin-encoding sequences in transcriptome data of Whitmania pigra. Upon gene synthesis and molecular cloning the respective recombinant proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, processed, and eventually functionally characterized for thrombin-inhibitory potencies in coagulation assays. RESULTS We were successful in the identification and functional characterization of several putative hirudins in Whitmania pigra. Some, but not all, of these factors are indeed thrombin inhibitors. Whitmania pigra hence expresses both hirudins (factors that inhibit thrombin) and hirudin-like factors (that do not or only very weakly inhibit thrombin). Furthermore, we revealed the exon/intron structures of the corresponding genes. Coding sequences of some putative hirudins of Whitmania pigra were present also in transcriptome datasets of Hirudo nipponia, a hematophagous leech that is likewise used in TCM. CONCLUSIONS Based on both structural and functional data we provide very strong evidence for the expression of hirudins in Whitmania pigra. This is the first description of hirudins in a non-hematophagous leech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Müller
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Magdalena Hamann
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dana Sponholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jan-Peter Hildebrandt
- Department of Animal Physiology, Zoological Institute and Museum, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Chen X, Luo X, Yang C, Meng J, Cheng L, Gao L, Xue M, Yang Y. A study of the influence of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of Whitmania pigra based on pharmacodynamics and metabolomics research. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1185:122953. [PMID: 34688198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Whitmania pigra Whitman (leech, also called Shuizhi in China, abbreviated as SZ), which has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of blood stasis syndrome (BSS) for a long time, is vulnerable to lead pollution in aquaculture environments. SZ has good anticoagulant activity. However, there are few studies on the influence of lead pollution on it. Therefore, we carried out the following researches to explore the influence of lead pollution on the anticoagulant activity of SZ and its mechanism. Firstly, the acute blood stasis model of rats was established by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline hydrochloride and ice water bath. Then unpolluted SZ (UPS) and lead-polluted SZ (LPS) were extracted. Next, the blood stasis model rats were administrated by gavage and the rats in normal control (NC) group and blood stasis model (BM) group were given the same amount of normal saline. Finally, the blood of the rats was collected to detect the coagulation function and hemorheology indexes. The metabolomics of rat plasma was studied by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-Orbitrap-MS) technology. Principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and Hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were used to perform metabolomics analysis. MetPA analysis was used to search for related metabolic pathways. The results of coagulation function and hemorheology showed that lead pollution could decrease the anticoagulant activity of SZ. The OPLS-DA score plots indicated that the plasma metabolites of rats in LPS group were close to BM group, while UPS group tended to be close to NC group both in the positive and negative ion mode. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) suggested that UPS group and NC group were clustered into a branch, while LPS group and BM group were clustered into a branch. To sum up, lead pollution will reduce the anticoagulant activity of SZ. And lead pollution reduces the anticoagulant activity of SZ probably by influencing the metabolic pathways such as sphingolipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and energy metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiufen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Luo
- ShenQi Ethnic Medicine College of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Chaojie Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jieqin Meng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liangke Cheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Luying Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yaojun Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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10
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Huang Q, Tang J, Chai X, Ren W, Wang J, Gan Q, Shi J, Wang M, Yang S, Liu J, Ma L. Affinity ultrafiltration and UPLC-HR-Orbitrap-MS based screening of thrombin-targeted small molecules with anticoagulation activity from Poecilobdella manillensis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1178:122822. [PMID: 34147951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to screen potential anticoagulant components from leeches, a representative animal-sourced traditional Chinese medicine using thrombin (THR)-targeted ultrafiltration combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC-HR-Orbitrap-MS). As a result, five small molecules in leech extract were discovered to interact with THR for the first time. Among them, two new compounds were isolated and their structures were identified by IR, HR-MS and NMR data. Furthermore, their THR inhibitory activity was confirmed with IC50 values of 4.74 and 8.31 μM, respectively. In addition, molecular docking analysis showed that the active (catalytic) site of THR might be the possible binding site of the two hits. Finally, reverse screening analysis indicated that LTA4-H, ACE and ALOX5AP were potential anticoagulant targets of the two new compounds. This study will broaden our understanding of the medicinal substance basis in leeches and further contribute to the discovery and development of clinical anticoagulant drugs from leeches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Jianyuan Tang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - JiaBo Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qichao Gan
- Chongqing Duoputai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400800, China
| | - Jingyan Shi
- Chongqing Duoputai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400800, China
| | - Manyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Sijin Yang
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingfang Liu
- Public Technology Service Center, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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11
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Wang CH, Pandey S, Sivalingam K, Shibu MA, Kuo WW, Viswanadha VP, Lin YC, Liao SC, Huang CY. Leech extract: A candidate cardioprotective against hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 264:113346. [PMID: 32896627 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has been increasing worldwide. Despite significant improvements in therapeutics and on-going developments of novel targeted-treatment regimens, cardiac diseases lack effective preventive and curative therapies with minimal side effects. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify and propagate alternative and complementary therapies against cardiovascular diseases. Some traditional Chinese medicines can contribute to the prevention and treatment of CVDs and other chronic diseases, with few side effects. Hirudo, a medicinal leech, has been acclaimed for improving blood circulation and overcoming blood stagnation; however, the precise molecular mechanisms of leech extract treatment against pathological cardiac remodeling remain elusive. In this study, we aimed to delineate the molecular mechanisms of medicinal leech extract in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, using both in vitro and in vivo assessments. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted in vitro and in vivo animal experiments, including cell-viability assays, fluorescence microscopy, immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry, and Masson's trichrome staining. RESULTS Pre-treatment with leech extract conferred a survival benefit to spontaneously-hypertensive rats (SHRs) and significantly reduced angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. ANG II-stimulated cardiac hypertrophy markers were attenuated by leech extract treatment, versus controls. Translational expression of stress-associated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was also repressed. In vivo, leech extract treatment significantly ameliorated the cardiac hypertrophy phenotype in SHRs and diminished interstitial fibrosis, accompanied with reduced fibrosis markers. CONCLUSION Leech extract treatment under a hypertensive condition exerted significant cardio-protective benefits by reducing the expression of cardiac hypertrophy-related transcription factors, stress-associated MAPKs, and fibrosis mediators. Our findings imply that medicinal leach extract may be effective against hypertension-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hao Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Integration Center of Traditional Chinese and Modern Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Sudhir Pandey
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yuan-Chuan Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Liao
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Yu H, Han M, Lin W, Wang L, Liu P, Yang K, Pei M, Yang H. Efficacy of Chinese Herbal Injections for the Treatment of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome: A Bayesian Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:579241. [PMID: 33178022 PMCID: PMC7596388 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.579241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Considering the adverse reactions and side effects of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic drugs for the treatment of Primary Nephrotic Syndrome (PNS) and the extensive exploration of Chinese herbal injections (CHIs), systematic evaluation of the efficacy of different CHIs in the treatment of PNS is a key imperative. In this study, we performed a network meta-analysis to investigate the efficacy of CHIs in the treatment of PNS. Methods A systematic literature review including studies published from the establishment of each database to May 28, 2020, was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, the Chinese Biological Medicine Literature Service System (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database, the Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and the Wanfang Database (WF).Two evaluators independently screened the literature, extracted data and the Cochrane Reviewer’s Handbook 5.1 method was used to evaluate the quality of included studies. The differences in efficacy of different CHIs were compared and ranked using Stata 16.0 software. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values were applied to rank the examined treatments. Clustering analysis was performed to compare the effects of CHIs between two different outcomes. Results A total of 41 eligible randomized controlled trials involving 2879 patients and nine CHIs were included. Nine CHIs were Xiangdan injection (XDI), Huangqi injection (HQI), Shenkang injection (SKI), Danshen injection (DSI), Yinxingdamo injection (YXI), Dengzhanhuasu injection (DZI), Danhong injection (DHI), Shuxuetong injection (SXI), Chuanxiongqin injection (CXI). The results of the network meta-analysis showed that: with Western medical (WM) treatment as a co-intervention, in terms of improving the total clinical effectiveness and serum albumin level, DHI was the most likely to be the best choice for treatment (SUCRA = 82.2%); YXI had the highest probability of being the best option in terms of reducing 24-h urinary protein excretion (SUCRA = 97.8%); in cholesterol-lowering comparisons, the SUCRA value allows for the most likely to be the best treatment is DZI (SUCRA = 84.5%). SXI was the most effective CHIs in terms of lowering serum triglycerides (SUCRA = 85.6%), whereas on the reducing fibrinogen side, the efficacy of CXI was significant (SUCRA = 67.6%). The result cluster analysis indicated that YXI and DHI were the best interventions with respect to total clinical effectiveness, 24-h urinary protein excretion and serum albumin. Conclusions CHIs were found to be superior to WM alone in the treatment of PNS and may be beneficial for patients with PNS. WM+YXI and WM+DHI had the potential to be the best CHI with respect to the total clinical effectiveness, 24-h urinary protein excretion and serum albumin. However, more well-designed randomized controlled trials are still warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangxing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaoru Han
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Panying Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Pei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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13
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Huang Q, Gao Q, Chai X, Ren W, Zhang G, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Lei X, Ma L. A novel thrombin inhibitory peptide discovered from leech using affinity chromatography combined with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1151:122153. [PMID: 32512533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thrombin (THR) inhibitors play an important role in the treatment of thrombotic diseases. This study established a THR-based bio-specific extraction coupled with affinity chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectroscopy (UPLC-HR-MS) analysis method to screen and identify THR ligands in Leech. After evaluating the reliability of the screening method using positive control drug (hirudin), it was successfully used to screen the potential active constituents in leech. And a comprehensive analysis of the peptides in leech elution was performed by UPLC-HR-MS, a total of 34 peptides were identified. At the same time, anti-THR activity was explored and inferred by searching databases and published literature. As a result, six peptides were discovered to be potential active compounds in leech. Further, the six peptides were synthesized and in vitro enzymatic activity assay was performed. Finally, SYELPDGQVITIGNER was screened as an anti-THR peptide with an IC50 value of 255.75 µM and it was discovered for the first time from Whitmania pigra Whitman and Hirudo nipponica Whitman. The molecular docking study showed that THR inhibitory activity of the polypeptide was mainly attributed to the hydrogen bond interactions, van der Waals forces and electrostatic interactions interaction between polypeptide and THR. These results suggest that the polypeptide is a potential natural THR inhibitor that can be used as anticoagulant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qian Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Wei Ren
- Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yingjun Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jianping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiongxin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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14
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Li H, Liu Z, Liu L, Li W, Cao Z, Song Z, Yang Q, Lu A, Lu C, Liu Y. Vascular Protection of TPE-CA on Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced Vascular Endothelial Dysfunction through AA Metabolism Modulated CYPs Pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2037-2050. [PMID: 31592228 PMCID: PMC6775291 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A high concentration of homocysteine (Hcy) in plasma induces vascular endothelial dysfunction, and it may ultimately accelerate the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Although several B vitamins have been clinically applied for hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) treatment, the outcomes are not satisfied due to their limited therapeutic mechanism. Hence, in order to improve the curative effect, development of new effective therapeutic strategies should be put on the agenda. Total phenolic extracts of Citrus aurantium L. (TPE-CA) is a naturally obtained phenolic mixture, mainly containing flavones, flavanones and their glycosyl derivatives, flavonols, polymethoxyflavones and coumarins. Previous reports indicated that bioactive phenolic compounds possessed potent vascular protective effects and regarded as a protective agent against CVDs. Intriguingly, the exact mechanism underlying the suppressed effects of TPE-CA on HHcy could assist in revealing their therapy on CVDs. Here, the multi-targeted synergistic mechanism of TPE-CA on HHcy-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction was uncovered in a deduced manner. TPE-CA treatment exhibited an obvious superiority than that of B vitamins treatment. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the interrelationships among compounds, potential targets and putative pathways. Further experimental validation suggested that the treatment of TPE-CA for HHcy could not only effectively reduce the Hcy level in plasma through up-regulating transsulfuration pathway in Hcy metabolism, but also restore the HHcy-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction by activating cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) epoxygenase signal cascades and inhibiting CYPs hydroxylase signal cascades in arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenli Liu
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiqian Song
- Institution of Basic Theory, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hongkong, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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