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de Oliveira Marinho A, Alves da Costa J, Silva Dos Santos AN, Cavalcanti de Barros M, Pimentel CDN, Arnaldo da Silva A, Guedes Paiva PM, Napoleão TH, Leite de Siqueira Patriota L. Assessment of acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity of SteLL, a lectin from Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi. Leaves, in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118496. [PMID: 38936643 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae), known as Brazilian pepper tree, stands out as a medicinal plant widely used in traditional medicine. The leaves are popularly used as anti-inflammatory agent and to relieve inflammatory conditions such as bronchitis, ulcers, and wounds, for example. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study evaluated the acute toxicity, genotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activity of S. terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) in mice (Mus musculus). MATERIALS AND METHODS In the acute toxicity assay, the animals were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) or orally (per os) with a single dose of 100 mg/kg. Genotoxicity was assessed by the comet and micronucleus assays. Carrageenan-induced peritonitis and paw edema models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of SteLL (1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.). RESULTS No animal died and no signs of intoxication or histopathological damage were observed in the acute toxicity assay. Genotoxic effect was not detected. In peritonitis assay, SteLL reduced in 56-69% leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity; neutrophil count decreased by 25-32%, while mononuclear cell count increased by 67-74%. SteLL promoted a notable reduction of paw edema after 4 h (61.1-63.4%). Morphometric analysis showed that SteLL also decreased the thickness of epidermal edema (30.2-40.7%). Furthermore, SteLL decreased MPO activity, plasma leakage, NO release, and modulated cytokines in both peritoneal fluid and paw homogenate. CONCLUSION SteLL did not induce acute toxicity or genotoxicity in mice and stands out as a promising candidate in the development of new phytopharmaceuticals with anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Marinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jainaldo Alves da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Matheus Cavalcanti de Barros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Anderson Arnaldo da Silva
- Departamento de Anatomia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Brito JDS, Marinho ADO, Coelho LCBB, Oliveira AMD, Paiva PMG, Patriota LLDS, Napoleão TH. Toxicity and antitumor activity of the water-soluble lectin from Moringa oleifera Lam. Seeds (WSMoL) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Toxicon 2023; 234:107306. [PMID: 37778740 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
WSMoL, a water-soluble lectin from the seeds of Moringa oleifera, present several biological activities. This work aimed to evaluated the toxicity and antitumor activity of WSMoL. To analyze toxicity, it was determined hematological, biochemical and histological parameters; consumption of water and feed as well as the weight of the animals. Antitumor analysis included evaluation of tumor weight, histology and cytokine levels. Acute toxicity assay revealed 60% mortality of animals treated with lectin at 200 mg/kg i. p. At 100 mg/kg i. p., the animals showed a decreased food and water consumption as well weight gain in comparison with control. However, no animal died and there were no alterations in blood parameters or histological analysis. Antitumor activity evaluated at safe doses (2.5, 5 and 10 mg/kg) showed a significant reduction in tumor weight. Tumor photomicrographs evidenced that WSMoL treatment reduced dissemination of tumor cells. WSMoL (5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly enhance the immune function in the tumor environment as showed by increased the levels of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. In conclusion, WSMoL showed in vivo antitumor activity in mice bearing sarcoma 180 tumor, probably by increase the immune response against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica de Santana Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Marinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Raíssa Ferreira de Lima B, Leite de Siqueira Patriota L, de Oliveira Marinho A, Alves da Costa J, Henrique Napoleão T, Melgarejo da Rosa M, Maria Guedes Paiva P. The lectin from Schinus terebinthifolia leaf (SteLL) reduces immobility of mice on the tail suspension test dependent on the monoaminergic and nitric oxide signaling. Neurosci Lett 2023; 801:137092. [PMID: 36690060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Depression underlies a common psychiatric disorder that has been rising in the diagnosis of long-term disabilities worldwide. Natural products have been studied as an antidepressant and anxiolytic agents aiming to make available new options for the daily basis treatment of those psychological disorders. SteLL is a lectin extracted from Schinus terebinthifolia leaf that has been revealed as an antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and antinociceptive agent. Nonetheless, the efficacy of SteLL in the treatment of depression has not yet been explored. In view of this, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SteLL in an acute protocol for symptoms of depression using the tail suspension test (TST) to assess despair. Administration of SteLL (1, 2 e 4 mg/kg) significantly diminished the immobility time of animals in the TST and this anti-immobility action was dependent on the carbohydrate-recognizing domain (CRD) since the prior incubation with casein (an inhibitor of SteLL carbohydrate-binding property) blocked the effect. SteLL effect was also reversed by pre-treatment with pharmacological antagonists of α2-adrenoceptor, 5-HT2A/2C serotonin receptor, and D1 dopamine receptor as well as by a selective inhibitor of iNOS (aminoguanidine). l-arginine, a precursor of NO, potentiated SteLL anti-immobility effect. In a subacute evaluation, the anti-immobility effect of SteLL persisted after seven days of treatment. Our findings suggest a role of SteLL in the modulation of depression mostly through monoaminergic and nitric oxide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jainaldo Alves da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
| | - Michelle Melgarejo da Rosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Inovação Terapêutica Suely Galdino (NUPIT), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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Proteins and their functionalization for finding therapeutic avenues in cancer: Current status and future prospective. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188862. [PMID: 36791920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite the remarkable advancement in the health care sector, cancer remains the second most fatal disease globally. The existing conventional cancer treatments primarily include chemotherapy, which has been associated with little to severe side effects, and radiotherapy, which is usually expensive. To overcome these problems, target-specific nanocarriers have been explored for delivering chemo drugs. However, recent reports on using a few proteins having anticancer activity and further use of them as drug carriers have generated tremendous attention for furthering the research towards cancer therapy. Biomolecules, especially proteins, have emerged as suitable alternatives in cancer treatment due to multiple favourable properties including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and structural flexibility for easy surface functionalization. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that various proteins derived from animal, plant, and bacterial species, demonstrated strong cytotoxic and antiproliferative properties against malignant cells in native and their different structural conformations. Moreover, surface tunable properties of these proteins help to bind a range of anticancer drugs and target ligands, thus making them efficient delivery agents in cancer therapy. Here, we discuss various proteins obtained from common exogenous sources and how they transform into effective anticancer agents. We also comprehensively discuss the tumor-killing mechanisms of different dietary proteins such as bovine α-lactalbumin, hen egg-white lysozyme, and their conjugates. We also articulate how protein nanostructures can be used as carriers for delivering cancer drugs and theranostics, and strategies to be adopted for improving their in vivo delivery and targeting. We further discuss the FDA-approved protein-based anticancer formulations along with those in different phases of clinical trials.
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Marinho ADO, Brito JDS, da Costa JA, da Silva AR, da Silva SP, de Amorim LC, Correia MTDS, Paiva PMG, de Oliveira AM, Patriota LLDS, Napoleão TH. Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin has central and peripheral antinociceptive action mediated by its carbohydrate-recognition domain and delta-opioid receptors. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115817. [PMID: 36228889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Preparations from the bark and leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi are commonly used to treat toothaches and sore throats. The use of medications based on leaves of this plant has also been reported for pain of arthritis, toothache, and sore throat. Some evidence indicated that the lectin SteLL is an antinociceptive agent from leaves. AIM OF THE STUDY This study evaluated the antinociceptive activity of S. terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) using mouse models of peripheral and central nociception. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were treated intraperitoneally with SteLL at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg. An acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test was performed to screen for the antinociceptive effect of the lectin. Next, the formalin test was used to assess the effects of SteLL on neurogenic (first phase) and inflammatory (second phase) pain, as well as to investigate the involvement of the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of SteLL and opioid receptors in the antinociceptive effect. The tail immersion test was performed to assess the central antinociception. Additionally, a rotarod test was performed to evaluate the effects of lectin on motor coordination in mice. RESULTS SteLL reduced the number of acetic acid-induced writhes by 83.5-100.0%. In the first phase of the formalin test, SteLL reduced paw licking time by 49.4-50.5%, while in the second phase, SteLL reduced paw licking time by 80.5-82.6%. This antinociceptive effect was reversed by the previous incubation of the lectin with ovalbumin (indicating the possible involvement of the CRD) and by the administration of naloxone, a nonselective opioid receptor antagonist. When testing selective antagonists of opioid receptors (μ, δ, and κ), only naltrindole, a selective δ receptor antagonist, blocked the antinociceptive action of SteLL during the second phase of the formalin test. In the tail immersion test, SteLL (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg) administration reduced sensitivity to thermal stimulus, which was observed even after 2 h. SteLL (10 mg/kg) did not affect animal motor coordination in rotarod test when compared to the control group. CONCLUSION SteLL has peripheral and central analgesic action involving opioid receptor modulation without affecting the motor coordination of animals. These results provide new perspectives for developing analgesic agents using lectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda de Oliveira Marinho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica de Santana Brito
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Jainaldo Alves da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Abdênego Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Suéllen Pedrosa da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Lira MADACDE, Silva MMDA, Silva WKM, Falcão EPS, Aguiar Júnior FCADE, Melo SJDE. Histological evaluation of the liver of mice with sarcoma-180 treated with salazinic acid. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20200455. [PMID: 37018833 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320200455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Many of the drugs used to fight cancer cells induce various damage causing hepatotoxic effects which are characterized by tissue changes. The aim of the study is to know the possible effects of salazinic acid on livers of mice exposed to Sacoma-180. The tumor was grown in the animals in ascitic form and inoculated subcutaneously in the axillary region of the mouse developing the solid tumor. Treatment with salazinic acid (25 and 50 mg/kg) and 5-Fluorouracil (20 mg/kg) started 24-hours after inoculation and was performed for 7 days. To verify these effects, the qualitative method of histological criteria investigated in liver tissue was used. It was observed that all treated groups showed an increase of pyknotic nuclei in relation to the negative control. There was an increase in steatosis in all groups compared to the negative control but there was a decrease in the groups treated with salazinic acid in the 5-Fluorouracil. There was no necrosis in the salazinic acid treated groups. However, this effect was seen in 20% of the positive control group. Therefore, it can be concluded that salazinic acid did not show hepatoprotective action on mice but demonstrated a decrease in steatosis and absence of tissue necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Aparecida DA C DE Lira
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Síntese e Isolamento Molecular, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Marllyn M DA Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Nanotecnologia, Biotecnologia e Cultura de Células, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Wanessa K M Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Emerson P S Falcão
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Síntese e Isolamento Molecular, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Francisco C A DE Aguiar Júnior
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Fármacos, Rua Alto do Reservatório, s/n, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Sebastião J DE Melo
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Antibióticos, Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, 50740-560 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Nunes MAS, Silva LDS, Santos DM, Cutrim BDS, Vieira SL, Silva ISS, Castelo Branco SJDS, do Nascimento MDS, Vale AAM, dos Santos-Azevedo APS, Zagmignan A, Sousa JCDS, Napoleão TH, Paiva PMG, Monteiro-Neto V, Nascimento da Silva LC. Schinus terebinthifolius Leaf Lectin (SteLL) Reduces the Bacterial and Inflammatory Burden of Wounds Infected by Staphylococcus aureus Promoting Skin Repair. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111441. [PMID: 36422571 PMCID: PMC9697850 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is commonly found in wound infections where this pathogen impairs skin repair. The lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolius (named SteLL) has antimicrobial and antivirulence action against S. aureus. This study evaluated the effects of topical administration of SteLL on mice wounds infected by S. aureus. Seventy-two C57/BL6 mice (6−8 weeks old) were allocated into four groups: (i) uninfected wounds; (ii) infected wounds, (iii) infected wounds treated with 32 µg/mL SteLL solution; (iv) infected wounds treated with 64 µg/mL SteLL solution. The excisional wounds (64 mm2) were induced on the dorsum and infected by S. aureus 432170 (4.0 × 106 CFU/wound). The daily treatment started 1-day post-infection (dpi). The topical application of both SteLL concentrations significantly accelerated the healing of S. aureus-infected wounds until the 7th dpi, when compared to untreated infected lesions (reductions of 1.95−4.55-fold and 1.79−2.90-fold for SteLL at 32 µg/mL and 64 µg/mL, respectively). The SteLL-based treatment also amended the severity of wound infection and reduced the bacterial load (12-fold to 72-fold for 32 µg/mL, and 14-fold to 282-fold for 64 µg/mL). SteLL-treated wounds show higher collagen deposition and restoration of skin structure than other groups. The bacterial load and the levels of inflammatory markers (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, and VEGF) were also reduced by both SteLL concentrations. These results corroborate the reported anti-infective properties of SteLL, making this lectin a lead candidate for developing alternative agents for the treatment of S. aureus-infected skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcio Anderson Sousa Nunes
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Lucas dos Santos Silva
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | - Deivid Martins Santos
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Brenda da Silva Cutrim
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Silvamara Leite Vieira
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Proteínas, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife 50740-570, Brazil
| | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
- Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.M.-N.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
| | - Luís Cláudio Nascimento da Silva
- Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal, BIONORTE, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
- Laboratório de Patogenicidade Microbiana, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís 65075-120, Brazil
- Correspondence: (V.M.-N.); (L.C.N.d.S.)
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The Anxiolytic Activity of Schinus terebinthifolia Leaf Lectin (SteLL) Is Dependent on Monoaminergic Signaling although Independent of the Carbohydrate-Binding Domain of the Lectin. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15111364. [DOI: 10.3390/ph15111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of plant lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) for the treatment of neurological disorders such as anxiety and depression has started to be reported in the last few years. Schinus terebinthifolia leaves contain a lectin called SteLL, which has displayed antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and analgesic activities. However, the effects of SteLL on the Central Nervous System (CNS) have not yet been determined. In this study, we investigated the in vivo anxiolytic effect of SteLL in mice using the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. In the OF, SteLL (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, i.p.) did not interfere with the number of crossings but significantly reduced the number of rearings. In the EPM, SteLL 4 mg/kg and the combination SteLL (1 mg/kg) plus diazepam (1 mg/kg) significantly increased the time spent in the open arms while reducing the time spent in the closed arms. The anxiolytic effect of SteLL did not seem to be dependent on the carbohydrate-binding domain of the lectin. Nevertheless, the SteLL effect in the EPM was reversed by the pretreatment with the pharmacological antagonists of the α2-adrenoceptor, 5-HT2A/2C serotonin receptor, and the D1 dopamine receptor. Overall, our results suggest that the anxiolytic effect of SteLL is dependent on the monoaminergic signaling cascade.
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de Oliveira dos Santos AM, Duarte AE, Costa AR, da Silva AA, Rohde C, Silva DG, de Amorim ÉM, da Cruz Santos MH, Pereira MG, Deprá M, de Santana SL, da Silva Valente VL, Teixeira CS. Canavalia ensiformis lectin induced oxidative stress mediate both toxicity and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:2823-2832. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Santos AJCA, Araújo VFS, França RPM, Silva ELA, Almeida WA, Procópio TF, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH, Costa EVL, Nogueira RA, Pontual EV. Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi leaf lectin is an antiangiogenic agent for Coturnix japonica embryos. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20211297. [PMID: 35920491 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220211297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis (budding of new blood vessels) is involved in several processes, including the development of embryos and growth of tumors. Schinus terebinthifolia leaves express an antitumor lectin (SteLL). This work hypothesized that SteLL can interfere with the formation of a vascular network from preexisting vessels. To test this hypothesis, the effect of SteLL on the angiogenesis process was assessed using an in vivo model of yolk sac membrane of Coturnix japonica embryos. SteLL was isolated with purification factor of 46.6. As expected, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) for native basic proteins confirmed the homogeneity and PAGE in presence of dodecyl sodium sulphate revealed a single 14-kDa polypeptide band. The fractal analysis by box counting and information dimension measurements indicated that SteLL at 1.35 mg/mL significantly decreased by ca. 12% the angiogenesis within the C. japonica yolk sac membrane regarding the control. The inhibition of the vascular network formation in the yolk sac membrane resulted in decreased blood supply to the embryos. Consequently, the area of embryos was significantly reduced by 9.2% regarding the control, which corroborated with the antiangiogenic activity of SteLL. The findings implicate SteLL as an antiangiogenic agent and add to the panel of biological activities of this lectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardilles J C A Santos
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Piauí, Departamento de Nutrição, Rua Cícero Eduardo, s/n, Junco, 64600-000 Picos, PI, Brazil
| | - Victor F S Araújo
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rayssa P M França
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Eva L A Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Welton A Almeida
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thamara F Procópio
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M G Paiva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Centro de Biociências, Departamento de Bioquímica, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, s/n, Cidade Universitária, 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Edbhergue V L Costa
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Romildo A Nogueira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel V Pontual
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-300 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Elmesseri RA, Saleh SE, Elsherif HM, Yahia IS, Aboshanab KM. Staphyloxanthin as a Potential Novel Target for Deciphering Promising Anti- Staphylococcus aureus Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:298. [PMID: 35326762 PMCID: PMC8944557 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a fatal Gram-positive pathogen threatening numerous cases of hospital-admitted patients worldwide. The emerging resistance of the pathogen to several antimicrobial agents has pressurized research to propose new strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance. Novel strategies include targeting the virulence factors of S. aureus. One of the most prominent virulence factors of S. aureus is its eponymous antioxidant pigment staphyloxanthin (STX), which is an auspicious target for anti-virulence therapy. This review provides an updated outline on STX and multiple strategies to attenuate this virulence factor. The approaches discussed in this article focus on bioprospective and chemically synthesized inhibitors of STX, inter-species communication and genetic manipulation. Various inhibitor molecules were found to exhibit appreciable inhibitory effect against STX and hence would be able to serve as potential anti-virulence agents for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A. Elmesseri
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 19648, Egypt; (R.A.E.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Sarra E. Saleh
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Heba M. Elsherif
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University (MIU), Cairo 19648, Egypt; (R.A.E.); (H.M.E.)
| | - Ibrahim S. Yahia
- Laboratory of Nano-Smart Materials for Science and Technology (LNSMST), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia;
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Nanoscience Laboratory for Environmental and Biomedical Applications (NLEBA), Semiconductor Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo 11757, Egypt
| | - Khaled M. Aboshanab
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University (ASU), Cairo 11566, Egypt;
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da Silva AR, de Oliveira WF, da Silva PM, de Siqueira Patriota LL, de Vasconcelos Alves RR, de Oliveira APS, Dos Santos Correia MT, Paiva PMG, Vainstein MH, Filho PEC, Fontes A, Napoleão TH. Quantum dots conjugated to lectins from Schinus terebinthifolia leaves (SteLL) and Punica granatum sarcotesta (PgTeL) as potential fluorescent nanotools for investigating Cryptococcus neoformans. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:232-240. [PMID: 34634324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the development of conjugates based on quantum dots (QD)s and lectins from Schinus terebinthifolia leaves (SteLL) and Punica granatum sarcotesta (PgTeL). Cryptococcus neoformans cells were chosen to evaluate the efficiency of the conjugates. Lectins were conjugated to QDs via adsorption, and the optical parameters (emission and absorption) were monitored. Lectin stability in the conjugates towards denaturing agents was investigated via fluorometry. The conjugation was evaluated using fluorescence microplate (FMA) and hemagglutination (HA) assays. The labeling of the C. neoformans cell surface was quantified using flow cytometry and observed via fluorescence microscopy. The QDs-SteLL and QDs-PgTeL conjugates, obtained at pH 7.0 and 8.0, respectively, showed the maintenance of colloidal and optical properties. FMA confirmed the conjugation, and the HA assay indicated that the lectin carbohydrate-binding ability was preserved after conjugation. SteLL and PgTeL showed stability towards high urea concentrations and heating. Conjugates labeled over 90% of C. neoformans cells as observed via flow cytometry and confirmed through fluorescence microscopy. C. neoformans labeling by conjugates was inhibited by glycoproteins, suggesting specific interactions through the lectin carbohydrate-binding site. Thus, an effective protocol for the conjugation of SteLL or PgTeL with QDs was proposed, yielding new nanoprobes useful for glycobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdênego Rodrigues da Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Weslley Felix de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marilene Henning Vainstein
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Euzébio Cabral Filho
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Adriana Fontes
- Departamento de Biofísica e Radiobiologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
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13
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Assef ANB, da Costa BB, Moreira TA, do Carmo LD, de Souza TDFG, Alencar NMN, Alves APNN, Cinelli LP, Wilke DV. Antitumor and immunostimulating sulfated polysaccharides from brown algae Dictyota caribaea. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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14
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Jensen NB, Justesen SD, Larsen A, Ernst E, Pedersen LH. A systematic overview of the spermatotoxic and genotoxic effects of methotrexate, ganciclovir and mycophenolate mofetil. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1557-1580. [PMID: 33755191 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosuppressant drugs are increasingly being used in the reproductive years. Theoretically, such medications could affect fetal health either through changes in the sperm DNA or through fetal exposure caused by a presence in the seminal fluid. This systematic overview summarizes existing literature on the spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials of methotrexate (MTX), a drug widely used to treat rheumatic and dermatologic diseases, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), which alone or supplemented with ganciclovir (GCV) may be crucial for the survival of organ transplants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The systematic overview was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was done using a combination of relevant terms to search for studies on spermatotoxic or genotoxic changes related to treatment with MTX, GCV or MMF. The search was restricted to English language literature, and to in vivo animal studies (mammalian species) and clinical human studies. RESULTS A total of 102 studies were identified, hereof 25 human and 77 animal studies. For MTX, human studies of immunosuppressive dosages show transient effect on sperm quality parameters, which return to reference values within 3 months. No human studies have investigated the sperm DNA damaging effect of MTX, but in other organs the genotoxic effects of immunosuppressive doses of MTX are fluctuating. In animals, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic doses of MTX adversely affect sperm quality parameters and show widespread genotoxic damages in various organs. Cytotoxic doses transiently change the DNA material in all cell stages of spermatogenesis in rodents. For GCV and MMF, data are limited and the results are indeterminate, for which reason spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Data from human and animal studies indicate transient spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic doses of MTX. There are a limited number of studies investigating GCV and MMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Laboratory for Reproduction, Institute of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars H Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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15
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Ramos DDBM, Araújo MTDMF, Araújo TCDL, Silva YA, Dos Santos ACLA, E Silva MG, Paiva PMG, Mendes RL, Napoleão TH. Antinociceptive activity of Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112952. [PMID: 32416247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi leaves have been used in folk medicine due to several properties, including antitumor and analgesic effects. The variable efficacy and adverse effects of analgesic drugs have motivated the search for novel antinociceptive agents. It has been reported that the S. terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) has antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 in mice. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to evaluate whether SteLL would reduce cancer pain using an orthotopic tumor model. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sarcoma 180 cell suspension was inoculated into the right hind paws of mice, and the treatments (150 mM NaCl, negative control; 10 mg/kg morphine, positive control; or SteLL at 1 and 2 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneally 24 h after cell inoculation up to 14 days. Spontaneous nociception, mechanical hyperalgesia, and hot-plate tests were performed. Further, the volume and weight of the tumor-bearing paws were measured. RESULTS SteLL (2 mg/kg) improved limb use during ambulation. The lectin (1 and 2 mg/kg) also inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia and increased the latency time during the hot-plate test. Naloxone was found to reverse this effect, indicating the involvement of opioid receptors. The tumor-bearing paws of mice treated with SteLL exhibited lower volume and weight. CONCLUSION SteLL reduced hyperalgesia due to sarcoma 180 in the paws of mice, and this effect can be related to its antitumor action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalila de Brito Marques Ramos
- Campus Amilcar Ferreira Sobral, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Floriano, Piauí, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - Yasmym Araújo Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Mariana Gama E Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Rosemairy Luciane Mendes
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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16
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Patriota LLDS, Ramos DDBM, Dos Santos ACLA, Silva YA, Gama E Silva M, Torres DJL, Procópio TF, de Oliveira AM, Coelho LCBB, Pontual EV, da Silva DCN, Paiva PMG, de Lorena VMB, Mendes RL, Napoleão TH. Antitumor activity of Moringa oleifera (drumstick tree) flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111691. [PMID: 32810586 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The plant Moringa oleifera is used as food and medicine. M. oleifera flowers are source of protein, fiber, and antioxidants, and are used to treat inflammation and tumors. This work evaluated the antitumor activity of the M. oleifera flower trypsin inhibitor (MoFTI) in sarcoma 180-bearing mice. Swiss female mice were inoculated with sarcoma 180 cells. Seven days later, the animals were treated intraperitoneally for 1 week with daily doses of PBS (control) or MoFTI (15 or 30 mg/kg). For toxicity assessment, water and food consumption, body and organ weights, histological alterations, and blood hematological and biochemical parameters were measured. Treatment with MoFTI caused pronounced reduction (90.1%-97.9%) in tumor weight. The tumors of treated animals had a reduced number of secondary vessels and lower gauge of the primary vessels compared to the control. No significant changes were observed in water and food consumption or in body and organ weights. Histopathological analysis did not indicate damage to the liver, kidneys, and spleen. In conclusion, MoFTI showed antitumor potential, with no clear evidence of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasmym Araújo Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Mariana Gama E Silva
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Diego José Lira Torres
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thamara Figueiredo Procópio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Emmanuel Viana Pontual
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Rosemairy Luciane Mendes
- Laboratório de Oncologia Experimental, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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17
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Tang H, Porras G, Brown MM, Chassagne F, Lyles JT, Bacsa J, Horswill AR, Quave CL. Triterpenoid acids isolated from Schinus terebinthifolia fruits reduce Staphylococcus aureus virulence and abate dermonecrosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8046. [PMID: 32415287 PMCID: PMC7229044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65080-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus relies on quorum sensing to exert virulence to establish and maintain infection. Prior research demonstrated the potent quorum sensing inhibition effects of "430D-F5", a refined extract derived from the fruits of Schinus terebinthifolia, a medicinal plant used for the traditional treatment of skin and soft tissue infections. We report the isolation and identification of three compounds from 430D-F5 that reduce virulence and abate dermonecrosis: 3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (1), 3-oxotirucalla-7,24Z-dien-26-oic acid (2) and 3α-hydroxytirucalla-7,24 Z-dien-27-oic acid (3). Each compound inhibits all S. aureus accessory gene regulator (agr) alleles (IC50 2-70 μM). Dose-dependent responses were also observed in agr-regulated reporters for leucocidin A (lukA, IC50 0.4-25 μM) and glycerol ester hydrolase or lipase (gehB, IC50 1.5-25 μM). Surprisingly, dose-dependent activity against the nuclease reporter (nuc), which is under the control of the sae two-component system, was also observed (IC50 0.4-12.5 μM). Compounds 1-3 exhibited little to no effect on the agr-independent mgrA P2 reporter (a constitutive promoter from the mgrA two-component system) and the esxA reporter (under control of mgrA). Compounds 1-3 inhibited δ-toxin production in vitro and reduced dermonecrosis in a murine in vivo model. This is the first report of triterpenoid acids with potent anti-virulence effects against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqiao Tang
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gina Porras
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Morgan M Brown
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Francois Chassagne
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James T Lyles
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Bacsa
- X-ray Crystallography Center, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Alexander R Horswill
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Cassandra L Quave
- Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 30322, GA, USA.
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18
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de Oliveira AM, de Freitas AFS, Paiva PMG, Napoleão TH. Genotoxicity assessment of saline extract from Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) and its chemopreventive effect against cyclophosphamide-induced DNA damage. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03811. [PMID: 32346640 PMCID: PMC7182672 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Pilosocereus gounellei (Cactaceae) is used to treat wounds and inflammation. In this study, we evaluated whether the saline extract from its stem would have genotoxic or anti-genotoxic effects. In the genotoxicity evaluation, mice received the extract (500, 1,000, or 2,000 mg/kg) orally while negative and positive controls were treated with saline solution (0.9% NaCl) per os and cyclophosphamide (CPA, 80 mg/kg i.p.), respectively. In the anti-genotoxicity assay, using other animals, treatments were carried out by administering the extract (500, 1,000 or 2,000 mg/kg) or saline solution (negative control) per os and then CPA (80 mg/kg i.p.) 1 h later. Genotoxic effects were evaluated by micronucleus test and comet assay using peripheral blood and bone marrow cells. Oral administration of only the extract at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg did not result in genotoxicity. A slight increase in the incidence of micronucleus was observed at the highest dose (2,000 mg/kg). Administration of the extract before CPA reduced the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) number by 49.07–71.43%, and DNA fragmentation in peripheral blood (85.04–94.44%) and bone marrow (87.43–92.70%) cells also decreased. In conclusion, when administered orally at the tested doses, the extract is genotoxically safe, being cautious in doses above 1,000 mg/kg, and has a protective effect against CPA-induced DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisson Macário de Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Maria Guedes Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) is an immunomodulatory agent by altering cytokine release by mice splenocytes. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:144. [PMID: 32181106 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2137-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) was reported to be an antimicrobial and antitumor agent. In this work, we evaluated the immunomodulatory activity of SteLL on mice splenocytes and also determined its native molecular mass and putative sequence similarities with plant proteins. The effects of SteLL (12.5 μg/mL) on viability, cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), cytosolic and mitochondrial levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) of mice splenocytes were determined. In addition, the culture supernatants were collected for quantification of interleukins (IL), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and nitric oxide (NO). SteLL showed a native molecular mass of 12.4 kDa and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) ions search revealed similarities with adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase and F1-ATPase from plants (4% and 6% coverage, respectively). SteLL was not toxic to splenocytes, did not alter the [Ca2+]cyt and ROS levels, and slightly reduced ΔΨm. The presence of SteLL stimulated the cells to release pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-2) and also of IL-4, an anti-inflammatory cytokine that can prevent exacerbated inflammation. SteLL induced decrease in the secretion of NO. In conclusion, SteLL has biotechnological potential as an immunomodulator agent for use in studies employing cultures of immune cells. In addition, the anti-infectious and antitumor properties of the leaves may involve the immunomodulation property of SteLL.
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20
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de Souza Feitosa Lima IM, Zagmignan A, Santos DM, Maia HS, Dos Santos Silva L, da Silva Cutrim B, Vieira SL, Bezerra Filho CM, de Sousa EM, Napoleão TH, Krogfelt KA, Løbner-Olesen A, Paiva PMG, Nascimento da Silva LC. Schinus terebinthifolia leaf lectin (SteLL) has anti-infective action and modulates the response of Staphylococcus aureus-infected macrophages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18159. [PMID: 31796807 PMCID: PMC6890730 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is recognized as an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of diseases. Here we examined the antimicrobial effects of the lectin isolated from leaves of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (SteLL) against S. aureus using in vitro assays and an infection model based on Galleria mellonella larvae. The actions of SteLL on mice macrophages and S. aureus-infected macrophages were also evaluated. SteLL at 16 µg/mL (8 × MIC) increased cell mass and DNA content of S. aureus in relation to untreated bacteria, suggesting that SteLL impairs cell division. Unlike ciprofloxacin, SteLL did not induce the expression of recA, crucial for DNA repair through SOS response. The antimicrobial action of SteLL was partially inhibited by 50 mM N-acetylglucosamine. SteLL reduced staphyloxathin production and increased ciprofloxacin activity towards S. aureus. This lectin also improved the survival of G. mellonella larvae infected with S. aureus. Furthermore, SteLL induced the release of cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, and TNF-α), nitric oxide and superoxide anion by macrophagens. The lectin improved the bactericidal action of macrophages towards S. aureus; while the expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ was downregulated in infected macrophages. These evidences suggest SteLL as important lead molecule in the development of anti-infective agents against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrielle Zagmignan
- Programas de Pós-Graduação, Universidade Ceuma, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Viral and Microbial Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anders Løbner-Olesen
- Department of Biology, Section for Functional Genomics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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