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Sundar M, Lingakumar K. Investigating the efficacy of topical application of Ipomoea carnea herbal cream in preventing skin damage induced by UVB radiation in a rat model. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19161. [PMID: 37662739 PMCID: PMC10472012 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B irradiation is a common environmental stressor that has detrimental effects on human skin. Natural sunscreens are well-known for their ability to benefit inflamed sunburn and dry skin. This study examined the effect of formulated Ipomoea carnea herbal cream on UVB-induced skin damage. We screened the bioactive compounds of I. carnea crude extract, showing significant antioxidant activity. Additionally, we evaluated the cytotoxicity, revealing that I. carnea extract has less toxicity to vero cells (IC50 98.45 μg/mL) than to A375 cells (IC50 48.95 μg/mL). Based on this, we formulated the I. carnea herbal cream (FIHC) at 50, 100 and 200 mg concentrations and evaluated its organoleptic characteristics. Then, the rats were exposed to UVB radiation (32,800 J/m2) four times/week (on alternate days) before the cream was applied topically to the dorsal skin surface. Under UVB stress without treatment, rats showed deep dermal damage. In contrast, rats treated with the FIHC exhibited significantly reduced sunburn. Moreover, the histopathological and biochemical assays were confirmed by the topical application of FIHC, which had potentially reduced the skin elasticity and maintained the imbalanced enzyme and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Our findings amply demonstrate that the FIHC significantly accelerated the recovery of UVB-induced lesions through antioxidant and down-regulation of skin photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madasamy Sundar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, 626124, India
| | - Krishnasamy Lingakumar
- Centre for Research and Postgraduate Studies in Botany, Ayya Nadar Janaki Ammal College, Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Sivakasi, Tamil Nadu, 626124, India
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Fernandes MNM, Macedo LFR, Rodrigues VRT, Feitosa EMS, Silva MR, Moreira RA, Sampaio LRL. PROPRIEDADES QUÍMICAS E FARMACOLÓGICAS DO GÊNERO COPAIFERA NO TRATAMENTO DE LESÕES/FERIDAS: REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA. ESTIMA 2023. [DOI: 10.30886/estima.v21.1292_pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objetivo:Identificar propriedades químicas e farmacológicas do gênero Copaifera no tratamento de lesões e feridas. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, Taylor & Francis e Scopus, em janeiro de 2022, por meio da estratégia de busca: “Chemical Properties” AND “Copaifera” AND “Wounds and Injuries” e “Pharmacology” AND “Copaifera” AND “Wounds and Injuries”. Foram incluídos artigos originais, de texto completo, identificados de acordo nível de evidência, redigidos em português, inglês ou espanhol. Resultados: Na busca primária foram encontrados 261 artigos. Após a seleção sistematizada, 12 estudos foram selecionados para análise qualitativa. Espécies do gênero Copaifera apresentam propriedades farmacológicas favoráveis ao tratamento de feridas: controle da dor inflamatória, diminuição da reação inflamatória, reepitelização e reparo tecidual, angiogênese, retração da ferida e remodelagem de cicatrizes. Dentre as propriedades químicas associadas ao tratamento de lesões, destacam-se presença de compostos bioativos: diterpenos, 3-hidroxi-copálico, sesquiterpenos, éster kolavic-15-metílico. Entre os diterpenos testados, o caurenoico e os ácidos copálicos mostraram atividades hemolíticas significativas. Apenas o ácido copálico e o ácido hardwíckiico inibiram a produção de óxido nítrico em macrófagos ativados por lipopolissacarídeos. Conclusão: As plantas do gênero Copaifera apresentam propriedades químicas e farmacológicas favoráveis ao tratamento de lesões e feridas
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Fernandes MNM, Macedo LFR, Rodrigues VRT, Feitosa EMS, Silva MR, Moreira RA, Sampaio LRL. CHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THE GENUS COPAIFERA IN THE TREATMENT OF INJURIES/WOUNDS: INTEGRATIVE REVIEW. ESTIMA 2023. [DOI: 10.30886/estima.v21.1292_in] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify chemical and pharmacological properties of Copaifera in the treatment of injuries and wounds. Method: Integrative literature review conducted in the LILACS, MEDLINE, PubMed, Taylor & Francis and Scopus databases in January 2022, using the search strategy: “Chemical Properties” AND “Copaifera” AND “Wounds and Injuries” and “Pharmacology” AND “Copaifera” AND “Wounds and Injuries.” Original articles, full text, identified according to level of evidence, written in Portuguese, English or Spanish, were included. Results: In the primary search 261 articles were found. After systematized selection, 12 studies were selected for qualitative analysis. Species of the genus Copaifera have pharmacological properties favorable for wound treatment: control of inflammatory pain, reduction of inflammatory reaction, tissue reepithelialization and repair, angiogenesis, wound retraction and scar remodeling. Among the chemical properties associated with the treatment of injuries, the presence of bioactive compounds stand out: diterpenes, 3-hydroxy-copalic, sesquiterpenes, kolavic-15-methyl ester. Among the tested diterpenes, kaurenoic and copalic acids showed significant hemolytic activities. Only copalic acid and hardwickiic acid inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. Conclusion: Plants of the genus Copaifera have chemical and pharmacological properties favorable for the treatment of injuries and wounds.
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Skowrońska W, Bazylko A. The Potential of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products in the Treatment of Burns and Sunburn-A Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020633. [PMID: 36839954 PMCID: PMC9958865 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Treating burns remains a challenge for modern medicine, especially in developing countries that cannot afford expensive, advanced therapies. This review article summarises clinical and animal model studies of botanical preparations and their mixtures in treating burn wounds and sunburn. Articles available in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar, published in English in 2010-2022, were considered. In the described clinical trials, it was shown that some herbal preparations have better effectiveness in treating burn wounds, including shortening the healing time and reducing inflammation, than the conventional treatment used hitherto. These herbal preparations contained extracts from Albizia julibrissin, Alkanna tinctoria, Aloe vera, Arnebia euchroma, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, Centella asiatica, Hippophaë rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis, and mixtures of Matricaria chamomilla and Rosa canina. Research on animal models shows that many extracts may potentially benefit the treatment of burn wounds and sunburn. Due to the diverse mechanism of action, antibacterial activity, the safety of use and cost-effectiveness, herbal preparations can compete with conventional treatment. The growing interest in alternative medicine and herbal medicine encourages further research. Not only single preparations but also their mixtures should be taken into account because the research conducted so far often suggests a synergistic effect of the ingredients.
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The Effect of Copaiba Oil Odor on Anxiety Relief in Adults under Mental Workload: A Randomized Controlled Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:3874745. [PMID: 35449818 PMCID: PMC9017478 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3874745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Aromatherapy has been proved to be effective in alleviating anxiety in practices and research. Recently, copaiba oil (CPO) is popular in the market and is recommended for anxiety relief in aromatherapy practice. However, relevant scientific research is still lacking. Methods A randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the anxiety-relieving effect of CPO inhalation in 22 adults. Jojoba oil was used as the control treatment. N-back and mental arithmetic tasks were used as stress stimulation. CPO or control intervention was carried out after the n-back training phase. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), EEG activities, physiological indexes including heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), blood oxygen saturation, and salivary cortisol were assessed in different phases of the experimental process. Results There was no significant difference in the change of HR and BP between the CPO and control groups before odor intervention. The S-AI scores of the CPO treated participants decreased after the n-back and mental arithmetic tests and were significantly lower than those of the participants who received control treatments. The HR and salivary cortisol of participants who received CPO intervention significantly decreased during the n-back and mental arithmetic tests. Furthermore, a remarkable decrease of beta wave activity was observed in the left midfrontal region (F3) when the participant received the CPO intervention. Conclusion The study's findings supported that the CPO odor showed beneficial effects on alleviating anxiety based on several indicators in subjective, physiological, and EEG measurements.
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Tang D, Wu J, Wang Y, Cui H, Tao Z, Lei L, Zhou Z, Tao S. Dietary restriction attenuates inflammation and protects mouse skin from high-dose UVB irradiation. Rejuvenation Res 2022; 25:149-157. [PMID: 35152736 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2021.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Duozhuang Tang
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, 196534, Department of Hematology, Nanchang, jiangxi, China
| | - Jianying Wu
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, 196534, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Clinical and Translational Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yiting Wang
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, 196534, Department of Hematology,, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Cui
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, 196534, Department of Oncology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhendong Tao
- Jiangxi Province Hospital of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Department of Medical Laboratory Medicine, nanchang, China
| | - Lang Lei
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, 196534, Department of Pathology, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhuangfa Zhou
- Shangrao Guangxin Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, shangrao, jiangxi, China
| | - Si Tao
- Nanchang University Second Affiliated Hospital, 196534, Min-De Road. 1, Nanchang, China, 330006
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Paranhos SB, Ferreira EDS, Canelas CADA, da Paz SPA, Passos MF, da Costa CEF, da Silva ACR, Monteiro SN, Candido VS. Chitosan Membrane Containing Copaiba Oil (Copaifera spp.) for Skin Wound Treatment. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010035. [PMID: 35012060 PMCID: PMC8747624 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The interaction of copaiba oil in the polymer matrix of chitosan can produce a favorable synergistic effect and potentiate properties. Indeed, the bioactive principles present in copaiba oil have anti-inflammatory and healing action. In the present work, chitosan membranes containing different contents of copaiba oil copaíba (0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0% (v/v)) were for the first time investigated. The membranes were developed by the casting method and analyzed for their morphology, degree of intumescence, moisture content, contact angle, Scanning Electron Microscope, and X-ray diffractometry. These chitosan/copaiba oil porous membranes disclosed fluid absorption capacity, hydrophilic surface, and moisture. In addition, the results showed that chitosan membranes with the addition of 1.0% (v/v) of copaiba oil presented oil drops with larger diameters, around 123.78 μm. The highest fluid absorption indexes were observed in chitosan membranes containing 0.1 and 0.5% (v/v) of copaiba oil. In addition, the copaiba oil modified the crystalline structure of chitosan. Such characteristics are expected to favor wound treatment. However, biological studies are necessary for the safe use of chitosan/copaiba oil membrane as a biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Barbosa Paranhos
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (S.B.P.); (E.d.S.F.); (S.P.A.d.P.)
| | - Elisângela da Silva Ferreira
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (S.B.P.); (E.d.S.F.); (S.P.A.d.P.)
| | - Caio Augusto de Almeida Canelas
- Amazon Oil Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belem 66075-110, Brazil;
| | - Simone Patrícia Aranha da Paz
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (S.B.P.); (E.d.S.F.); (S.P.A.d.P.)
| | - Marcele Fonseca Passos
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Tv We 26, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | | | - Alisson Clay Rios da Silva
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Tv We 26, Ananindeua 67130-660, Brazil; (M.F.P.); (A.C.R.d.S.)
| | - Sergio Neves Monteiro
- Department of Materials Science, Military Institute of Engineering—IME, Praça General Tiburcio 80, Urca, Rio de Janeiro 22290-270, Brazil;
| | - Verônica Scarpini Candido
- Engineering of Natural Resources of the Amazon Program, Federal University of Pará—UFPA, Rua Augusto Correa 01, Belem 66075-110, Brazil; (S.B.P.); (E.d.S.F.); (S.P.A.d.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-991917375
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Oliveira DFFDE, Nascimento TP, Rodrigues CH, Batista JMS, Liu TPSL, Medeiros ESDE, Mota RA, Costa RMPB, Porto TS, Porto CS, Porto ALÚF. Antimicrobial potential of Copaiba Oil (Copaifera multijuga Hayne-Leguminosae) against bubaline mastitis multiresistant isolates. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2020; 92:e20200521. [PMID: 33331447 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202020200521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Copaiba oil is a natural product used by Amazonian populations and recognized for its medicinal properties because it has significant antimicrobial activity for several pathogenic microorganisms. The present work aimed to evaluate and characterize the effect of natural oil produced by copaiba - Copaifera multijuga against multiresistant isolates of bubaline mastitis. The nitrocefin test was performed with isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from bubaline mastitis, which were 100% positive for beta-lactamase enzyme detection. Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of 25% to 3.12% was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli and 50% and 25% for S. aureus, but Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis were resistant. MBC with 12.5% and 6.25% oil were obtained for most multiresistant bubaline mastitis isolates from the states of Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia and Alagoas. The results demonstrated the great potential of using copaiba natural oil in the treatment of buffalo mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- DivÂnia F F DE Oliveira
- University of Pernambuco, Faculty of Teacher Education of Nazaré da Mata, Street Prof Américo Brandão, no. 43, Center, 55800-000 Nazaré da Mata, PE, Brazil
| | - Thiago P Nascimento
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology Animal, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - ClÁudio Henrique Rodrigues
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Pharmaceutics Sciences, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Juanize M S Batista
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology Animal, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana P S L Liu
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology Animal, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth S DE Medeiros
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo A Mota
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Romero Marcos P B Costa
- University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Advances in Protein Biotechnology (LABIOPROT), Institute of Biological Sciences, Street Arnóbio Marquês, 310, Santo Amaro, 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tatiana S Porto
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Garanhuns, UAG, Av. Bom Pastor, s/n, 55296-901 Garanhuns, PE, Brazil
| | - Camila S Porto
- Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca Campus, Av. Beira Rio, s/n, Centro, 50200-000 Penedo, AL, Brazil
| | - Ana LÚcia F Porto
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Laboratory of Bioactive Products and Technology, Department of Morphology and Animal Physiology Animal, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
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da Silva Prade J, Bálsamo EC, Machado FR, Poetini MR, Bortolotto VC, Araújo SM, Londero L, Boeira SP, Sehn CP, de Gomes MG, Prigol M, Cattelan Souza L. Anti-inflammatory effect of Arnica montana in a UVB radiation-induced skin-burn model in mice. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2020; 39:126-133. [PMID: 32183539 DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2020.1743998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: ultraviolet radiation types A and B (UV) (400-315nm and 315-280nm respectively) are the main components present in sunlight known to cause skin injuries. Arnica montana is a plant that has been widely studied for containing anti-inflammatory, healing and analgesic properties capable of preventing or ameliorating lesions. Here, we investigated the therapeutic effect of topical application of Arnica montana after UVB-induced cutaneous injuries in mice.Methods: mice were exposed to UVB radiation (Philips TL40W/12 RS lamp) in a period of 3 hours. After one hour of radiation exposure, the animals were treated with topical application of Arnica montana ointment (250 mg/g) in the ear. At the time of 16 hours after treatment, the parameters of edema, oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction were measured in the ear of mice.Results: our results demonstrated that topical treatment with Arnica montana reduced the UVB-induced inflammatory response as demonstrated by the reduction of ear edema, inhibition of myeloperoxidase activation, decrease of nuclear factor kappa B levels and reduction of proinflammatory cytokines levels, such as interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. In addition, Arnica montana ameliorated oxidative damage mediated by UVB radiation, as demonstrated by the reduction of lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation and increase of tissue antioxidant capacity and glutathione levels in the ear.Conclusion: we concluded that Arnica montana ointment is effective in alleviating the auricular inflammatory process and oxidative damage induced by acute UVB radiation, sustaining the traditional use of Arnica montana for the treatment of skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiéle da Silva Prade
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Eveline Costeira Bálsamo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Franciele Romero Machado
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rósula Poetini
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Stífani Machado Araújo
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Larissa Londero
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Silvana Peterini Boeira
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Carla Pohl Sehn
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Gomes de Gomes
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Marina Prigol
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
| | - Leandro Cattelan Souza
- Laboratório de Avaliações Farmacológicas e Toxicológicas Aplicadas às Moléculas Bioativas - LaftamBio Pampa, Universidade Federal do Pampa, Itaqui, Brazil
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