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Ma SZ, Dong S, Zhou ZY, Ji XY, Zhang YY, Wang XQ, Zhang B. The protective role of Cordyceps cicadae and its active ingredient myriocin against sodium iodate-induced age-related macular degeneration via an anti-necroptotic TNF-RIPK1/3 pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118565. [PMID: 39002821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps cicadae (C.cicadae), named "Chan Hua", an anamorph of Isaria cicadae Miquel, is an entomogenous complex formed by fungi parasitizing on the larvae of cicadas and belongs to the Claviciptaceae family and the genus Codyceps, which traditionally holds a significant place in Chinese ethnopharmacology, specifically for eye clarity and as a remedy for age-related ocular conditions. The underlying mechanisms contributing to its eyesight enhancement and potential effectiveness against Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to elucidate the protective role of C.cicadae and its active ingredient, Myriocin (Myr), against AMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS A chemical inducer was employed to make retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) damage in vitro and in vivo. The key ingredients of C.cicadae and their related mechanisms for anti-AMD were studied through bioinformatic analysis and molecular biological approaches. RESULTS Myr was identified through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as an active ingredient in C.cicadae, and demonstrated a protective effect on RPE cells, reducing the structural damage and cell death induced by sodium iodate (SI). Further, Myr reduced eyelid secretions in AMD mice and restored their retinal structure and function. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Myr treatment are primarily associated with TNF and Necroptosis signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated a strong affinity between TNF and Myr. Myr inhibited the TNF signaling pathway thereby reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in ARPE-19 cells. Additionally, Myr had consistent action with the necroptosis inhibitor Necrostatin-1 (Nec-1), inhibited the RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL pathway thereby protecting ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION The findings present Myr, as a potent protector against SI-induced AMD, predominantly through modulation of the TNF-RIPK1/RIPK3/MLKL signaling pathway, offering the insights of therapeutic C.cicadae as viable candidates for AMD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao Zhuang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, PR China.
| | - Shi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, PR China.
| | - Zong Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China.
| | - Xin Ye Ji
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, PR China.
| | - Yan Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, PR China.
| | - Xiao Qin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal and Edible Plants Resources Development of Sichuan Education Department, Sichuan Industrial Institute of Antibiotics, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, PR China; Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resources and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, PR China.
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Dutta D, Singh NS, Verma AK. Genotoxicity, acute and sub-acute toxicity profiles of methanolic Cordyceps militaris (L.) Fr. extract in Swiss Albino Mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 335:118603. [PMID: 39067832 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cordyceps militaris, a traditional medicinal fungus, parasitizes the intestines of lepidopteron pupae or larvae, predominantly during the winter, and undergoes fruiting in the summer or autumn. Compounds extracted from C. militaris have demonstrated a broad spectrum of pharmacological effects, including antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-metastatic, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-diabetic, and various others. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, our study aimed at elucidating the acute, sub-acute toxicity, and genotoxicity profiles of C. militaris methanolic extract following oral administration in Swiss albino mice, representing the inaugural comprehensive exploration of the toxicological and safety profiles of C. militaris. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prior studies have predominantly focused on its biological activities rather than its toxicity. Acute oral toxicity study was conducted at 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/Kg B.W. doses of C. militaris over a 14-day period. For sub-acute toxicity study, three groups of mice were administered 100, 300, and 600 mg/Kg B.W. of C. militaris extract for 28 consecutive days; one group served as a control. Mice were monitored for their body weight and behavioural changes once daily. Hematological, serum biochemical, histopathological, histomorphometric, seminal parameters, and mutagenic investigations were performed post-treatment period. RESULTS Acute oral toxicity study at 2000 mg/Kg revealed no signs of toxicity, with an LD50 value surpassing 2000 mg/Kg. No occurrences of mortality observed, and no significant changes were noted in body weight, organ weight, or behaviour. Hematological analysis illustrated a marked upsurge in RBC, Hb, HCT, PLT, MPV, and PCT, alongside minor variations in differential leucocyte count post 28-day treatment. Liver enzyme tests indicated slight elevation in ALP, while renal enzyme tests showed alterations in CRE and BUN levels. Genotoxicity profile and histopathological assessments of the liver, spleen, testis, and ovary manifested no remarkable irregularities, except for mild renal toxicity. Seminal parameters including sperm concentration, motility and testosterone levels demonstrated a noteworthy increase. CONCLUSIONS The study sheds light on the potential risks and safety considerations associated with C. militaris-based medicinal products. These findings establish a foundation for further investigations and the refinement of dosage optimization in the application of C. militaris, with the aim of mitigating any potential adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Dutta
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India.
| | - Namram Sushindrajit Singh
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India.
| | - Akalesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Biochemical Technology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, 781001, Assam, India.
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Li X, Zou Y, Shrivastava N, Bao J, Lin FC, Wang H. A rho-type GTPase activating protein affects the growth and development of Cordyceps cicadae. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:339. [PMID: 38958759 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-04072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae is recognized for its medicinal properties, attributed to bioactive constituents like polysaccharides and adenosine, which have been shown to improve kidney and liver functions and possess anti-tumor properties. Rho GTPase activating proteins (Rho GAPs) serve as inhibitory regulators of Rho GTPases in eukaryotic cells by accelerating the GTP hydrolysis of Rho GTPases, leading to their inactivation. In this study, we explored the function of the CcRga8 gene in C. cicadae, which encodes a Rho-type GTPase activating protein. Our study found that the knockout of CcRga8 resulted in a decrease in polysaccharide levels and an increase in adenosine concentration. Furthermore, the mutants exhibited altered spore yield and morphology, fruiting body development, decreased infectivity, reduced resistance to hyperosmotic stress, oxidative conditions, and cell wall inhibitors. These findings suggest that CcRga8 plays a crucial role in the development, stress response, and bioactive compound production of C. cicadae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Neeraj Shrivastava
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida, UP, 201303, India
| | - Jiandong Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Cai R, Xiao Y, Xing J, Yu K, Li X, Chai Y. Establishment of a genetic transformation system for cordycipitoid fungus Cordyceps chanhua. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1333793. [PMID: 38993492 PMCID: PMC11236535 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1333793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps chanhua is a well-known edible and medicinal mushroom with a long history of use in China, and it contains a variety of secondary metabolites with interesting bioactive ingredients. However, recent researches have mainly focused on cultivation conditions, secondary metabolite compositions and pharmacological activities of C. chanhua, the lack of an efficient and stable genetic transformation system has largely limited further research on the relationship between secondary metabolites and biosynthetic gene clusters in C. chanhua. In this study, single-factor experiments were used to compare the effects of different osmotic stabilizers, enzyme concentrations and enzyme digestion times on protoplast yield, and we found that the highest yield of 5.53 × 108 protoplasts/mL was obtained with 0.7 M mannitol, 6 mg/mL snail enzyme and 4 h of enzyme digestion time, and the regeneration rate of protoplasts was up to approximately 30% using 0.7 M mannitol as an osmotic stabilizer. On this basis, a PEG-mediated genetic transformation system of C. chanhua was successfully established for the first time, which lays the foundation for further genetic transformation of C. chanhua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihang Cai
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Xing
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kongjian Yu
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaola Li
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yiqiu Chai
- Zhejiang Institute of Subtropical Crops, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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Yan HH, Shang YT, Wang LH, Tian XQ, Tran VT, Yao LH, Zeng B, Hu ZH. Construction of a New Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation System based on a Dual Auxotrophic Approach in Cordyceps militaris. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:1178-1187. [PMID: 38563100 PMCID: PMC11180907 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2312.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a significant edible fungus that produces a variety of bioactive compounds. We have previously established a uridine/uracil auxotrophic mutant and a corresponding Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system for genetic characterization in C. militaris using pyrG as a screening marker. In this study, we constructed an ATMT system based on a dual pyrG and hisB auxotrophic mutant of C. militaris. Using the uridine/uracil auxotrophic mutant as the background and pyrG as a selection marker, the hisB gene encoding imidazole glycerophosphate dehydratase, required for histidine biosynthesis, was knocked out by homologous recombination to construct a histidine auxotrophic C. militaris mutant. Then, pyrG in the histidine auxotrophic mutant was deleted to construct a ΔpyrG ΔhisB dual auxotrophic mutant. Further, we established an ATMT transformation system based on the dual auxotrophic C. militaris by using GFP and DsRed as reporter genes. Finally, to demonstrate the application of this dual transformation system for studies of gene function, knock out and complementation of the photoreceptor gene CmWC-1 in the dual auxotrophic C. militaris were performed. The newly constructed ATMT system with histidine and uridine/uracil auxotrophic markers provides a promising tool for genetic modifications in the medicinal fungus C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan huan Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
| | - Yi tong Shang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
| | - Li hong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
| | - Xue qin Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
| | - Van-Tuan Tran
- VNU University of Science, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Li hua Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zeng
- Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, P.R. China
| | - Zhi hong Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Bioprocess Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, P.R. China
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Zhu K, Ruan H, Wu T, Zhang H, Han W, Shen Q. Exploiting the roles of nitrogen sources for HEA increment in Cordyceps cicadae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1384027. [PMID: 38803370 PMCID: PMC11129637 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1384027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae, as a new food ingredient, is a valuable edible and medicinal fungi. However, its resources are severely depleted due to environmental limitations and excessive harvesting practices. N6-(2-hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA), as an important product of Cordyceps cicadae, has the potential to be used in medical industry due to its diverse disease curing potential. However, the disclosure of HEA synthesis still severely limited its application until now. In this study, the kinetic curves for adenosine and HEA under shaker fermentation were explored. The kinetics of HEA and adenosine production exhibited a competitive pattern, implicating a possibility of sharing a same step during their synthesis. Due to HEA as a derivative of nitrogen metabolism, the effect of different nitrogen sources (peptone, yeast extract, ammonium sulfate, diammonium oxalate monohydrate, ammonium citrate dibasic, and ammonium citrate tribasic) on HEA production in Cordyceps cicadae strain AH 10-4 had been explored under different incubation conditions (shaker fermentation, stationary fermentation, and submerged fermentation). Our results indicated that the complex organic nitrogen sources were found to improve the accumulation of HEA content under shaker fermentation. In contrast, the optimal nitrogen source for the accumulation of HEA under stationary fermentation and submerged fermentation was ammonium citrate tribasic. But submerged fermentation obviously shortened the incubation time and had a comparable capacity of HEA accumulation by 2.578 mg/g compared with stationary fermentation of 2.535 mg/g, implicating a possibility of scaled-up production of HEA in industry by submerged fermentation. Based on the dramatic HEA production by ammonium sulfate as nitrogen resources between stationary and shaker fermentations, alanine, aspartate and glutamate as well as arginine metabolic pathway were related to the production of HEA by comparative transcriptome. Further investigation indicated that glutamic acid, which is an analog of Asp, showed an optimum production of HEA in comparison with other amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haihua Ruan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
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Zhou YM, Duan L, Luo L, Guan JQ, Yang ZK, Qu JJ, Zou X. The composition and function of bacterial communities in Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) changed dramatically with infected fungi: A new potential to culture Cordyceps cicadae. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38709468 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) is a renowned entomopathogenic fungus used as herbal medicine in China. However, wild C. cicadae resources have been threatened by heavy harvesting. We hypothesised that Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) could be a new alternative to cultivate C. cicadae due to the low cost of rearing. Bacterial communities are crucial for the formation of Cordyceps and for promoting the production of metabolites. To better understand the bacterial community structure associated with Cordyceps, three Claviciptaceae fungi were used to explore the pathogenicity of the silkworms. Here, fifth-instar silkworms were infected with C. cicadae, Cordyceps cateniannulata (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae). Subsequently, we applied high-throughput sequencing to explore the composition of bacterial communities in silkworms. Our results showed that all three fungi were highly pathogenic to silkworms, which suggests that silkworms have the potential to cultivate Cordyceps. After fungal infection, the diversity of bacterial communities in silkworms decreased significantly, and the abundance of Staphylococcus increased in mummified larvae, which may play a role in the death process when the host suffers infection by entomopathogenic fungi. Furthermore, there were high similarities in the bacterial community composition and function in the C. cicadae and C. cateniannulata infected samples, and the phylogenetic analysis suggested that these similarities may be related to the fungal phylogenetic relationship. Our findings reveal that infection with different entomopathogenic fungi affects the composition and function of bacterial communities in silkworms and that the bacterial species associated with Cordyceps are primarily host dependent, while fungal infection affects bacterial abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ming Zhou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing-Qiang Guan
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zheng-Kai Yang
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiao-Jiao Qu
- College of Tea Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Zeng Z, Zou Y, Cai W, Lin FC, Wang H. Roles of CcDFR and CcOMT9 in the cyanidin biosynthesis and development of Cordyceps cicadae. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1353710. [PMID: 38511011 PMCID: PMC10953825 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1353710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cordyceps cicadae is a traditional Chinese medicinal fungus known for its rich production of bioactive substances, particularly cyanidin, an anthocyanin commonly found in plants with notable anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antiviral, and antibacterial properties. This study revealed two key genes, CcDFR and CcOMT9, affecting cyanidin biosynthesis in C. cicadae. Methods The roles of these genes in cyanidin production, growth, and development were elucidated through the gene knockout method, phenotypic analysis, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Results CcDFR deletion led to reduced cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), suppressed expression of cyanidin biosynthesis genes, impaired synnemata formation, decreased polysaccharide and adenosine content, and diminished chitinase activity. Meanwhile, the ΔCcOMT9 mutant exhibited an increase in C3G production, promoted expression of cyanidin biosynthesis genes and rising bioactive compounds, suppressed RNA methylation, and led to phenylalanine accumulation with no effect on fruiting body formation. Discussion We revealed a distinct anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in C. cicadae and identified two genes with opposite functions, laying the foundation for future genetic modification of cyanidin-producing strains using modern biological techniques. This will shorten the production period of this valuable compound, facilitating the industrial-scale production of cyanidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiming Cai
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fu-Cheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Treats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wang Y, Tong L, Yang L, Ren B, Guo D. Metabolite profiling and antioxidant capacity of natural Ophiocordyceps gracilis and its cultures using LC-MS/MS-based metabolomics: Comparison with Ophiocordyceps sinensis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:308-320. [PMID: 37779226 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ophiocordyceps gracilis is an entomopathogenic fungus and a precious traditional Chinese medicine with similar medicinal properties to Ophiocordyceps sinensis. However, information on the metabolite profiles of natural O. gracilis and its cultures is lacking, which limits their utilization. OBJECTIVE The metabolic variations and antioxidant activities of O. gracilis cultures and natural O. gracilis were analyzed to evaluate the nutritional and medicinal value of O. gracilis and its cultures. METHOD The metabolite profiles of O. gracilis cultures (fruiting bodies and aerial mycelia), natural O. gracilis, and natural O. sinensis were compared by LC-MS/MS coupled with multivariate data analysis. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities were evaluated based on their DPPH• , ABTS•+ , and • OH scavenging abilities. RESULTS A total of 612 metabolites were identified, and the metabolic compositions of the four Cordyceps samples were similar, with differences observed in the levels of some metabolites. There were 126 differential metabolites between natural O. gracilis and natural O. sinensis, among which fatty acids, carbohydrates, and secondary metabolites are predominant in natural O. gracilis. Furthermore, 116 differential metabolites between O. gracilis cultures and natural Cordyceps were identified, with generally higher levels in O. gracilis cultures than in natural Cordyceps. O. gracilis cultivated fruiting bodies exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacity among Cordyceps samples. Additionally, 46 primary and 24 secondary differential metabolites contribute to antioxidant activities. CONCLUSION This study provides a reference for the application of natural O. gracilis and its cultures in functional food and medicine from the perspective of metabolites and antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingling Tong
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linhui Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Ren
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongsheng Guo
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Wang H, Li M, Jiao F, Ge W, Liu R, Zhi Z, Wu T, Sui W, Zhang M. Soluble dietary fibers from solid-state fermentation of wheat bran by the fungus Cordyceps cicadae and their effects on colitis mice. Food Funct 2024; 15:516-529. [PMID: 38167692 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03851c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis for which there is no definitive therapeutic agent. Fermentation, as a green and efficient bioprocessing technique, has been shown to enhance the biological activity of food ingredients. Soluble dietary fiber isolated from plants is thought to have the potential to prevent and alleviate ulcerative colitis. This work was designed to study the differences in the chemical properties of the soluble dietary fiber from wheat bran fermented by Isaria cicadae Miq. (FSDF) and the unfermented soluble dietary fiber from wheat bran (UFSDF) and their effects on colitis mice. The results showed that FSDF and UFSDF differed in molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions, and surface morphology. In addition, supplementation with UFSDF and FSDF ameliorated the symptoms of DSS-induced colitis in mice by attenuating body weight loss, decreasing the disease activity index and splenic index, shortening the length of the colon, and attenuating colonic tissue damage. UFSDF and FSDF also increased the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. The results of gut flora and short-chain fatty acid analyses showed that UFSDF and FSDF improved the diversity of gut microbiota, up-regulated the abundance of some beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia and Muribaculaceae, increased the levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and restored dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced dysbiosis of the intestinal flora in mice. These findings provide guidance for the development of FSDF and UFSDF as functional foods for the relief of ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Menglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Furong Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Wenxiu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Zijian Zhi
- Food Structure and Function (FSF) Research Group, Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
| | - Tao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Wenjie Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
- China-Russia Agricultural Processing Joint Laboratory, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300392, PR China
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11
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Hu G, Zhou Y, Mou D, Qu J, Luo L, Duan L, Xu Z, Zou X. Filtration effect of Cordyceps chanhua mycoderm on bacteria and its transport function on nitrogen. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0117923. [PMID: 38099615 PMCID: PMC10783027 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01179-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE During the natural growth of Cordyceps chanhua, it will form a mycoderm structure specialized from hyphae. We found that the bacterial membrane of C. chanhua not only filters environmental bacteria but also absorbs and transports nitrogen elements inside and outside the body of C. chanhua. These findings are of great significance for understanding the stable mechanism of the internal microbial community maintained by C. chanhua and how C. chanhua maintains its own nutritional balance. In addition, this study also enriched our understanding of the differences in bacterial community composition and related bacterial community functions of C. chanhua at different growth stages, which is of great value for understanding the environmental adaptation mechanism, the element distribution network, and the changing process of symbiotic microbial system after Cordyceps fungi infected the host. At the same time, it can also provide a theoretical basis for some important ecological imitation cultivation technology of Cordyceps fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongping Hu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yeming Zhou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dan Mou
- Department of Humanities, Business College of Guizhou University of Finance and Economics, Qiannan, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Qu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Tea College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhongshun Xu
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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12
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Yang XM, Wang SQ, Chen LS, Zhu ZY. Isolation and structural characterization of exopolysaccharide from the Cordyceps cicadae and the immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1925-1940. [PMID: 37455564 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
A new exopolysaccharide component named as PC-EPS was isolated from Cordyceps cicadae, and its structure was determined. PC-EPS was identified to be constituted of mannose, glucose, and galactose (28.84:1:19.42), with an average molecular weight of 3.72 × 106 Da, according to the results of monosaccharide composition, Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, periodate oxidation and Smith degradation, and methylation studies. According to structural characterization, PC-EPS's connection type was made up of →6) -α-d-Manp (1→, →2) -β-d-Manp (1→, →4) -α-d-Manp (1→, →2) -α-d-Galf (1→, and →4) -α-d-Galp (1→. PC-EPS may significantly increase phagocytosis and RAW264.7 cell proliferation. Additionally, by boosting intracellular lysozyme, cellular acid phosphatase, and cellular superoxide dismutase enzyme concentrations, as well as by promoting the generation of cellular NO, it is the potential to regulate the immunological activity of RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, the effects of PC-EPS on RAW264.7 cells increased their capacities to create tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6 cytokines, all of which suggested that PC-EPS had the potential to improve immunomodulatory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Mei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Si-Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Li-Sha Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, Peoples Republic of China
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13
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Tang C, Li X, Wang T, Wang J, Xiao M, He M, Chang X, Fan Y, Li Y. Characterization of Metabolite Landscape Distinguishes Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps sinensis and other Cordyceps by UHPLC-Q Exactive HF-X Untargeted Metabolomics. Molecules 2023; 28:7745. [PMID: 38067475 PMCID: PMC10708286 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps represent a valuable class of medicinal fungi with potential utilization. The overexploitation and resource scarcity of Cordyceps sinensis (CS) have led to the emergence of Cordyceps such as Cordyceps militaris (CM) and Cordyceps cicadae (CC) as substitutes. The medicinal value of CS is often considered superior to other Cordyceps, potentially owing to differences in active ingredients. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in the composition and abundance of the primary and secondary metabolites of CS and its substitutes by untargeted metabolomics. A total of 4671 metabolites from 18 superclasses were detected. CS and its substitutes were rich in amino acids, lipids, organic acids, and their derivatives. We statistically analyzed the metabolites and found a total of 285 differential metabolites (3'-Adenylic acid, O-Adipoylcarnitine, L-Dopachrome, etc.) between CS and CC, CS and CM, and CM and CC, which are potential biomarkers. L-glutamate and glycerophospholipids were differential metabolites. A KEGG enrichment analysis indicated that the tyrosine metabolic pathway and tryptophan metabolism pathway are the most differentially expressed pathways among the three Cordyceps. In contrast, CS was enriched in a higher abundance of most lipid metabolites when compared to CM and CC, which may be an indispensable foundation for the pharmacological functions of CS. In conclusion, systematic, untargeted metabolomics analyses for CS and other Cordyceps have delivered a precious resource for insights into metabolite landscapes and predicted potential components of disease therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiuzhang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Mengjun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Min He
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Xiyun Chang
- Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining 810000, China;
| | - Yuejun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
| | - Yuling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai Academy of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China; (C.T.); (X.L.); (T.W.); (M.X.); (M.H.)
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14
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Fan J, Liu P, Zhao K, Chen HP. Three previously undescribed metabolites from Cordyceps cicadae JXCH-1, an entomopathogenic fungus. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2023; 13:46. [PMID: 37919477 PMCID: PMC10622384 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-023-00410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Three previously undescribed compounds, cordycicadione (1), cordycicadin F (2), and 7-hydroxybassiatin (3), were isolated from the cultures of Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1, an entomopathogenic fungus. Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction method was adopted to determine the absolute configuration of 3. Compound 2 is a polycyclic polyketide with an unusual enol ether moiety and a spiro ring. The compounds obtained in this study were subjected to screening their inhibition against the proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line A549 and the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages RAW264.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Pai Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Kuan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - He-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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15
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Xie X, Guo H, Liu J, Wang J, Li H, Deng Z. Edible and Medicinal Progress of Cryptotympana atrata (Fabricius) in China. Nutrients 2023; 15:4266. [PMID: 37836550 PMCID: PMC10574283 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important resource insect, the Cryptotympana atrata is widely distributed in the eastern and central parts of China. The cicada slough is one of the traditional crude drugs in East Asia, and the main component is polysaccharide, which has the functions of anti-convulsion, relieving asthma and improving lipid metabolism. The parasitoid fungus Cordyceps cicadae, which grows inside the cicada nymphs and forms the fruiting bodies on the surface of the host's carcass, is also known as the "cicada flower" in China. The Cordyceps cicadae is another old, traditional Chinese medicine, which has been used as a tonic and medicine to nourish and regulate human immunity for centuries. For the further development and utilization of the golden cicada, this paper summarized the C. atrata from the aspects of their biological characteristics, distribution area, life cycle, history of edible and medicinal use, edible methods and nutritional compositions; emphatically introduced the edible and potential medicinal value of the C. atrata; and specifically expounded the research progress of its application. As one popular insect food, the prospects for the development of C. atrata have also been put forward, especially in artificial breeding technology, food safety risk assessment and medicinal value utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcheng Xie
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Han Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Juan Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnostic and Traceability Technologies for Food Poisoning, Beijing 100013, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junbao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Huihui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
| | - Zhongyuan Deng
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; (H.G.); (J.W.); (H.L.)
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16
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Wang Y, Ni Z, Li J, Shao Y, Yong Y, Lv W, Zhang S, Fu T, Chen A. Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating gut microbiota and its mmetabolites in high-fat diet/streptozocin-induced diabetic mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203430. [PMID: 37599693 PMCID: PMC10434777 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The polysaccharides found in Cordyceps cicadae (C. cicadae) have received increasing academic attention owing to their wide variety of therapeutic activities. Methods This study evaluated the hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of polysaccharides from C. cicadae (CH-P). In addition, 16s rDNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were used to estimate the changes and regulatory relationships between gut microbiota and its metabolites. The fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was used to verify the therapeutic effects of microbial remodeling. Results The results showed that CH-P treatment displayed hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects and alleviated tissue damage induced by diabetes. The CH-P treatment significantly reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, Mucispirillum, and significantly decreased the abundance of Helicobacter and Lactobacillus compared to the diabetic group. The alterations in the metabolic pathways were mostly related to amino acid biosynthesis and metabolic pathways (particularly those involving tryptophan) according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. Correlation analysis showed that Bacteroides, Odoribacter, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, and Mucispirillum were positively correlated with indole and its derivatives, such as 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid. Indole intervention significantly improved hyperglycemic symptoms and insulin sensitivity, and increased the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in diabetic mice. FMT reduced blood glucose levels, improved glucose tolerance, and increased insulin sensitivity in diabetic mice. However, FMT did not significantly improve GLP-1 levels. Discussion This indicates that C. cicadae polysaccharides alleviate hyperglycemia by regulating the production of metabolites other than indole and its derivatives by gut microbiota. This study provides an important reference for the development of novel natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anhui Chen
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
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17
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Shao L, Jiang S, Li Y, Yu L, Liu H, Ma L, Yang S. Aqueous extract of Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) promotes hyaluronan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts: A potential moisturizing and anti-aging ingredient. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0274479. [PMID: 37418356 PMCID: PMC10328226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae (Miq.) is an edible fungus with unique and valuable medicinal properties that is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine, but its anti-aging effects on the skin fibroblast are not well studied. The aim of the present study was to analyze the active components of aqueous C. cicadae extract (CCE), determine the effects of CCE on hyaluronan synthesis in human skin fibroblasts, and explore the underlying mechanisms. The results of this study indicate that CCE was rich in polysaccharides, five alditols (mainly mannitol), eight nucleosides, protein, and polyphenols, which were present at concentrations of 62.7, 110, 8.26, 35.7, and 3.8 mg/g, respectively. The concentration of extract required to inhibit 50% of 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging capacities were 0.36 ± 0.03 and 4.54 ± 0.10 mg/mL, respectively, indicating that CCE exhibits excellent antioxidant activities. CCE showed no cytotoxicity to skin fibroblasts at concentrations ≤ 100 μg/mL, and promoted HA synthesis in fibroblasts. Treatment of fibroblast cells with 100 μg/mL CCE enhances the HA content to 1293 ± 142 ng/mL, which is significantly more than that in the non-treatment (NT) group (p = 0.0067). Further, RNA sequencing detected 1,192 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CCE-treated fibroblasts, among which 417 were upregulated and 775 were downregulated. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) and Genomes pathway (GO) analysis based on RNA sequencing revealed that CCE mainly affected cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction regulated by HA synthesis-related genes. CCE upregulated HA synthase 2 (HAS2), epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related genes, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 2, and other genes related to fibroblast differentiation and proliferation. CCE downregulated the gene of matrix metallopeptidase 12 (MMP12), which leads to cell matrix loss. RT-qPCR further verified CCE significantly upregulated HAS2 expression and significantly downregulated MMP12 expression, thus promoting hyaluronan synthesis. CCE shows potential as a moisturizer and anti-aging agent in functional foods and cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Jiang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Li
- R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Laiji Ma
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Suzhen Yang
- R&D Innovation Center, Shandong Freda Biotech Co., Ltd, Jinan, China
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18
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Gao F, Luo L, Zhang L. A New Galactoglucomannan from the Mycelium of the Medicinal Parasitic Fungus Cordyceps cicadae and Its Immunomodulatory Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093867. [PMID: 37175281 PMCID: PMC10179787 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new galactoglucomannan (C-0-1) was purified from the medicinal parasitic fungus of Cordyceps cicadae using an anion-exchange column and gel permeation column. The results of high-performance liquid chromatography and high-performance gel permeation chromatography indicated that C-0-1 consists of galactose, glucose, and mannose in a ratio of 5:1:4 and has a molecular weight of 23.3 kDa. The combined structural elucidation analysis methods including partial acid hydrolysis, methylation analysis, and NMR experiments revealed that C-0-1 was a comb-like polysaccharide with a core structure including (1→2)-α-D-Manp residues in the backbone and branches at O-6 of the main chain. (1→4)-α-D-Glcp, (1→2)-β-D-Galf, (1→2,6)-β-D-Galf, and terminal β-Galf were located at the side chains. An in vitro experiment using RAW 264.7 cells indicated that C-0-1 exhibits good immunomodulatory activity by enhancing inducible nitric oxide synthase secretion and the production of some major inflammatory cytokines. On inhibiting the cytokine production using anti-pattern recognition receptors antibodies, it was revealed that the activation of macrophages is mainly carried out by C-0-1 through the mannose receptor. Toll-like receptor 4 and Toll-like receptor 2 were also involved in this identification process. An in vivo experiment on immunosuppressive mice treated with cyclophosphamide indicated that C-0-1 improves the secretion of serum-related cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10) and affects the balance of T helper cells Th1/Th2. Given the structural and bioactivity similarity between Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps sinensis, we can conclude that Cordyceps cicadae could be used as an important medicinal fungus like Cordyceps sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Lingling Luo
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Leifang Zhang
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 South Haida Road, Zhoushan 316022, China
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Yin H, Chai R, Qiu H, Tao C, Huang L, Wang H, Wang P. Effects of Isaria cicadae on growth, gut microbiota, and metabolome of Larimichthys crocea. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 136:108719. [PMID: 37003497 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is the most productive mariculture fish in China, and its aquaculture scale is expanding along the southeastern coast of China, but that development is causing environmental damage by increasing the use of antibiotics and other chemicals. How to improve fish immunity through non-antibiotic substances is still a problem facing aquaculture industry. At present, the experiments have shown that Isaria cicadae spent substrate (IC) can improve the growth performance and immunity of Oreochromis niloticus. Therefore, I. cicadae may be a natural alternative to antibiotic for aquaculture. In order to study the effects of IC on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal metabolism of large yellow croakers, the fish were divided into three groups with three replicates in each group. Basal diet, basal diet with 2% and 6% IC supplementation (IC2 and IC6 groups), respectively. The results showed that weight gain rate (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) of large yellow croaker significantly increased (P < 0.05) in IC6 group. The content of triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total protein (TP) and albumin (ALB) increased significantly (P < 0.05), and total cholesterol (T-CHO) decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in IC2 group. Compared to IC0 group, the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) , superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased significantly (P < 0.05) in IC2 group, the activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and GSH-Px increased significantly (P < 0.05) in IC6 group, and the activity of lysozyme (LZM) increased significantly in IC2 and IC6 groups. The addition of IC in the diets significantly increased the diversity of the microbial community in the intestine of large yellow croaker (P < 0.05), significantly improved the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota (P < 0.05) at the phylum level, and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Synergistota (P < 0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Cetobacterium and Mycoplasma, which are dominant bacteria in fish gut, significantly increased (P < 0.05). The relative abundance of Ruminofilibacter, Desulfomicrobium, DMER64, Syntrophomonas, Hydrogenophaga, and Aminobacterium reduced significantly (P < 0.05). Among them, Ruminofilibacter, DMER64, Syntrophomonas and Hydrogenophaga are bacteria that can participate in the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matter, while DMER64 is the hydrogen carrier. The intestinal metabolome analysis showed that IC could improve metabolic composition and function, which was related to host immunity and metabolism. In conclusion, I. cicadae can improve the growth performance, regulate the lipid metabolism and immune and antioxidant capacity of large yellow croakers by regulating intestinal microbiota and intestinal metabolism. This study provides a reference for the application of IC in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Yin
- Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 31600, China
| | - Ruoyu Chai
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Equipment and Engineering Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Haoyu Qiu
- Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 31600, China
| | - Chenzhi Tao
- Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 31600, China
| | - Ling Huang
- Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 31600, China
| | - Hanying Wang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Aquaculture Equipment and Engineering Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Marine Academy of Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 31600, China.
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Raethong N, Thananusak R, Cheawchanlertfa P, Prabhakaran P, Rattanaporn K, Laoteng K, Koffas M, Vongsangnak W. Functional genomics and systems biology of Cordyceps species for biotechnological applications. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 81:102939. [PMID: 37075529 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of Cordyceps species for the manufacture of natural products has been established; however, the tremendous advances observed in recent years in genetic engineering and molecular biology have revolutionized the optimization of Cordyceps as cell factories and drastically expanded the biotechnological potential of these fungi. Here, we present a review of systems and synthetic biology studies of Cordyceps and their implications for fungal biology and industrial applications. We summarize the current status of synthetic biology for enhancing targeted metabolites in Cordyceps species, such as cordycepin, adenosine, polysaccharide, and pentostatin. Progress in the systems and synthetic biology of Cordyceps provides a strategy for comprehensively comprehensive controlling efficient cell factories of natural bioproducts and novel synthetic biology toolbox for targeted engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachon Raethong
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Roypim Thananusak
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Pattsarun Cheawchanlertfa
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pranesha Prabhakaran
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kittipong Rattanaporn
- Fermentation Technology Research Center (FTRC), Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Kobkul Laoteng
- Industrial Bioprocess Technology Research Team, Functional Ingredients and Food Innovation Research Group, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology BIOTEC, National Science and Technology Development Agency NSTDA, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mattheos Koffas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Wanwipa Vongsangnak
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand; Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food, and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
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21
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Yu J, Sun M, Wang X, Qi D, Han C. Poly-pathways metabolomics for high-yielding cordycepin of Cordyceps militaris. Biomed Chromatogr 2023; 37:e5551. [PMID: 36408993 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cordycepin is an important quality control marker in Cordyceps militaris. This study aimed to explain the metabolic mechanisms for high-yielding cordycepin of C. militaris. In this study, high-yielding strains of cordycepin were obtained by ultraviolet mutagenesis, and the polysaccharide and protein contents were also changed. In high-yielding strains, the protein content significantly increased, whereas the polysaccharide content decreased. Simultaneously, metabolic differences for high- and low-yielding cordycepin strains were detected by metabolomics. Metabolomics results showed that the relative content of most metabolites decreased in high-yielding cordycepin strains. Various metabolic pathways have been altered in high-yielding cordycepin strains, such as the citric acid cycle, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, leading to an increase in cordycepin content. In addition, changes in metabolic poly-pathways related to polysaccharide and protein synthesis, such as galactose metabolism and amino acid metabolism, promoted an increase in cordycepin content. This study analyzes the high yield of cordycepin in C. militaris at the metabolic level and provides a theoretical basis for further increasing cordycepin content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Experimental center, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chunchao Han
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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22
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Zhao B, Ding H, Hu T, Guo Y. Synergistic effects of the Se and Zn supplemental combination on the nutrient improvement of mannitol and adenosine and the multi-element bioaccessibility in Cordyceps cicadae. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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A Novel Gammapartitivirus That Causes Changes in Fungal Development and Multi-Stress Tolerance to Important Medicinal Fungus Cordyceps chanhua. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121309. [PMID: 36547642 PMCID: PMC9782574 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cicada flower, scientifically named Cordyceps chanhua, is an important and well-known Chinese cordycipitoid medicinal mushroom. Although most mycoviruses seem to induce latent infections, some mycoviruses cause host effects. However, the effects of mycovirus on the fungal development and stress tolerance of C. chanhua remain unknown. In this study, we report a novel mycovirus designated Cordyceps chanhua partitivirus 1 (CchPV1) from C. chanhua isolate RCEF5997. The CchPV1 genome comprises dsRNA 1 and dsRNA 2, 1784 and 1563 bp in length, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis using the aa sequences of RdRp revealed that CchPV1 grouped with members of the genus Gammapartitivirus in the family Partitiviridae. We further co-cultivated on PDA donor strain RCEF5997 and recipient C. chanhua strain RCEF5833 (Vf) for 7 days, and we successfully obtained an isogenic line of strain RCEF5833 with CchPV1 (Vi) through single-spore isolation, along with ISSR marker and dsRNA extraction. The biological comparison revealed that CchPV1 infection slows the growth rate of the host, but increases the conidiation and formation of fruiting bodies of the host. Furthermore, the assessment of fungal tolerance demonstrated that CchPV1 weakens the multi-stress tolerance of the host. Thus, CchPV1 infection cause changes in fungal development and multi-stress tolerance of the host C. chanhua. The findings of this study elucidate the effects of gammapartitivirus on host entomogenous fungi and provide a novel strategy for producing high-quality fruiting bodies of C. chanhua.
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Nutritional Composition, Health Benefits, and Application Value of Edible Insects: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11243961. [PMID: 36553703 PMCID: PMC9777846 DOI: 10.3390/foods11243961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For thousands of years, edible insects have been used as food to alleviate hunger and improve malnutrition. Some insects have also been used as medicines because of their therapeutic properties. This is not only due to the high nutritional value of edible insects, but more importantly, the active substances from edible insects have a variety of biofunctional activities. In this paper, we described and summarized the nutritional composition of edible insects and discussed the biological functions of edible insects and their potential benefits for human health. A summary analysis of the findings for each active function confirms that edible insects have the potential to develop functional foods and medicines that are beneficial to humans. In addition, we analyzed the issues that need to be considered in the application of edible insects and the current status of edible insects in food and pharmaceutical applications. We concluded with a discussion of regulations related to edible insects and an outlook on future research and applications of edible insects. By analyzing the current state of research on edible insects, we aim to raise awareness of the use of edible insects to improve human health and thus promote their better use and development.
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Prommaban A, Sriyab S, Marsup P, Neimkhum W, Sirithunyalug J, Anuchapreeda S, To-anun C, Chaiyana W. Comparison of chemical profiles, antioxidation, inhibition of skin extracellular matrix degradation, and anti-tyrosinase activity between mycelium and fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris and Isaria tenuipes. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:225-234. [PMID: 35068295 PMCID: PMC8786250 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.2025255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cordyceps militaris and Isaria tenuipes (Cordycipitaceae) are high-value fungi that are used for health-promoting food supplements. Since laboratory cultivation has begun for these fungi, increased output has been achieved. OBJECTIVE This study compared the chemical profiles, antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and skin extracellular matrix degradation inhibition between mycelium and fruiting body of C. militaris and I. tenuipes. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antioxidative potential of 10% v/v aqueous infused extract from each fungus was separately investigated using 2,2-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant ability, and ferric thiocyanate methods. The inhibition against MMP-1, elastase, and hyaluronidase were determined to reveal their anti-wrinkle potential. Anti-tyrosinase activities were determined. RESULTS C. militaris and I. tenuipes extracts were found to contain a wide range of bioactive compounds, including phenolics, flavonoids, and adenosine. A correlation was discovered between the chemical compositions and their biological activities. The extract from I. tenuipes fruiting body (IF) was highlighted as an extraordinary elastase inhibitor (IC50 = 0.006 ± 0.004 mg/mL), hyaluronidase inhibitor (IC50: 30.3 ± 3.2 mg/mL), and antioxidant via radical scavenging (ABTS IC50: 0.22 ± 0.02 mg/mL; DPPH IC50: 0.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL), thereby reducing ability (EC1: 95.3 ± 4.8 mM FeSO4/g extract) and lipid peroxidation prevention (IC50: 0.40 ± 0.11 mg/mL). IF had a three-times higher EC1 value than ascorbic acid and significantly higher elastase inhibition than epigallocatechin gallate. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS IF is proposed as a powerful natural extract with antioxidant and anti-wrinkle properties; therefore, it is suggested for further use in pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adchara Prommaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Suwannee Sriyab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pachabadee Marsup
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Waranya Neimkhum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Huachiew Chalermprakiet University, Samutprakarn, Thailand
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Songyot Anuchapreeda
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Chaiwat To-anun
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Research Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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26
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A polysaccharide from mycelia of Metarhizium taii: Structural characterization, inhibition on α-glucosidase and improvement of insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang M, Sun X, Miao Y, Li M, Huang L. Cordyceps cicadae and Cordyceps gunnii have closer species correlation with Cordyceps sinensis: from the perspective of metabonomic and MaxEnt models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20469. [PMID: 36443322 PMCID: PMC9705360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps sinensis is a second-class nationally-protected medicinal fungus and functional food. Cordyceps sinensis resources are endangered, and finding new medicinal materials is a fast and economical way to meet the current demonstrated demand, which can effectively solve the shortage of C. sinensis resources. In this study, the metabolite characteristics of Cordyceps were comprehensively revealed by LC-QTOF-MS technology. The maxent model can be used to predict the habitat suitability distribution of Cordyceps and screen out the main climatic factors affecting its distribution. The correlation model between climate factors and chemical components was established by Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, based on the analysis of climate factors and metabolites, we will analyze the high correlation species with C. sinensis, and develop them as possible alternative species of C. sinensis in the future. The results showed that the suitable area of Cordyceps cicadae demonstrated a downward trend, while that of C. sinensis, Cordyceps militaris and Cordyceps gunnii demonstrated an upwards trend. The suitable areas all shifted to the northwest. The temperature seasonality and max temperature of the warmest month are the maximum climatic factors affecting nucleosides. Compared with C. sinensis, the metabolic spectrum similarities of C. cicadae, C. militaris, and C. gunnii were 94.42%, 80.82%, and 91.00%, respectively. Cordyceps sinensis, C. cicadae, and C. gunnii were correlated well for compounds and climate factors. This study will explore whether C. cicadae, C. militaris and C. gunnii can be used as substitutes for C. sinensis. Our results may provide a reference for resource conservation and sustainable utilization of endangered C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China ,grid.410594.d0000 0000 8991 6920College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040 China
| | - Xiao Sun
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yujing Miao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Minhui Li
- grid.410594.d0000 0000 8991 6920College of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, 014040 China ,Inner Mongolia Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, 010020 China
| | - Linfang Huang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839A Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193 China
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28
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Sequential decision fusion pipeline for the high-throughput species recognition of medicinal caterpillar fungus by using ATR-FTIR. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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29
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Tang Z, Lin W, Yang J, Feng S, Qin Y, Xiao Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Chen H, Bu T, Li Q, Yao H, Ding C. Ultrasound-assisted extraction of Cordyceps cicadae polyphenols: Optimization, LC-MS characterization, antioxidant and DNA damage protection activity evaluation. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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30
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Tang Z, Lin W, Chen Y, Feng S, Qin Y, Xiao Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Chen H, Bu T, Li Q, Cai Y, Yao H, Ding C. Extraction, Purification, Physicochemical Properties, and Activity of a New Polysaccharide From Cordyceps cicadae. Front Nutr 2022; 9:911310. [PMID: 35757258 PMCID: PMC9218675 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.911310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharides from C. cicadae were extracted by ultrasonically-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE). Response surface analysis was used to determine the optimum parameters as follows: addition of enzymes, 0.71%; extraction temperature, 60°C; extraction time, 18 min; liquid-solid ratio, 46:1 (mL/g). The extraction yield of polysaccharide was 3.66 ± 0.87%. A novel polysaccharide fraction (JCH-a1) from C. cicadae was extracted and then purified by cellulose DEAE-32 and Sephadex G-100 anion exchange chromatography. The analysis results showed that the molar ratio of galactose, glucose, and mannose in JCH-a1 cells (60.7 kDa) was 0.89:1:0.39. JCH-a1 with a triple helix contains more α-glycosides and has strong thermal stability. Moreover, JCH-a1 showed strong antioxidant activity and acted as a strong inhibitor of α-glucosidase in vitro. In addition, JCH-a1 can prolong the lifespan of C. elegans. The present study might provide a basis for further study of JCH-a1 as an antioxidant and hypoglycemic food or drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Wenjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shiling Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yihan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yirong Xiao
- Sichuan Agricultural University Hospital, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Tongliang Bu
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qinfeng Li
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Huipeng Yao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Chunbang Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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Qian L, Deng P, Chen F, Cao Y, Sun H, Liao H. The exploration and utilization of functional substances in edible insects: a review. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-022-00090-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEdible insects as food have been considered as a core future protein source. Not only are edible insects abundant in nutrient value, but also have numbers of functional substances, which could provide a multiple valuable benefits for humans. This review examines and summarizes the functional substances in edible insects and their special effects for people, as well as the use and prospects for these functional substances. There are many functional substances in edible insects, such as antimicrobial peptides, interferon, sex attractant hormones, cordycepin, active polysaccharides, microelement, chitin/chitosan, steroidal material, vitamin, lecithin, etc., which could provide multiple benefits for human beings. These special functional substances could help people enhance immunity, inhibit tumor, regulate intestinal function, relieve fatigue, anti oxidation, protect against colds, improve sleeping, promote the growth and development, as well as reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, among others. According to these valuable efficacies, the functional substances extracted from edible insects can be exploited mainly in three ways: edible insects are used to discover new medicines or health care products for people; and edible insects are applied in chemical, agricultural, food technology, pollutant treatment and textile sectors; as well as being consumed as animal feedstuff for livestock and other animals, which indirectly meet the different requirements for humans. Currently, edible insects have generated global interest to be developed as different forms of products and has promoted more research and development. However, pupae and larvae are still the main consumption ways in the market, which is unacceptable to most people. It is expected that the edible insect industry would be prosperous and sustainable by integrating the power of beneficial policies and regulations, huge consumer demand and proper strategies of promotion and production.
Graphical Abstract
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32
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Liu W, Dun M, Liu X, Zhang G, Ling J. Effects on total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant properties, and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activity of beans by solid-state fermentation with Cordyceps militaris. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2048009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, SD, China
| | - Mengqian Dun
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, SD, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, SD, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, SD, China
| | - Jianya Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, SD, China
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Zheng Y, Li S, Li C, Shao Y, Chen A. Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae Protect against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040515. [PMID: 35205991 PMCID: PMC8871426 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the purification, preliminary structure and in vivo immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from the spores of Cordyceps cicadae (CCSP). The crude CCSP was purified by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose and Sephadex G-100 chromatography, affording CCSP-1, CCSP-2 and CCSP-3 with molecular weights of 1.79 × 106, 5.74 × 104 and 7.93 × 103 Da, respectively. CCSP-2 consisted of mannose and glucose, while CCSP-1 and CCSP-3 are composed of three and four monosaccharides with different molar ratios, respectively. CCSP-2 exhibited its ameliorative effects in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice through significantly increasing spleen and thymus indices, enhancing macrophage phagocytic activity, stimulating splenocyte proliferation, improving natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity, improving bone marrow suppression, regulating the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins, and modulating antioxidant enzyme system. These results indicate that CCSP-2 might be exploited as a promising natural immunomodulator.
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Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction, Antioxidant and Renal Protective Effects of Polysaccharides from Spores of Cordyceps cicadae. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), in vitro antioxidant, and in vivo renal protective effects of polysaccharides from spores of Cordyceps cicadae (CCSPs). The optimal ATPE parameters were as follows: an extraction temperature of 61 °C, an ammonium sulfate concentration of 18%, an ethanol concentration of 40%, a liquid-to-material ratio of 33 mL/g, and an extraction time of 60 min. Under these parameters, the CCSPs yield was 6.96 ± 0.11% (n = 3), which was consistent with the predicted yield (6.92%). Among the three purified polysaccharide fractions, CCSP-2 displayed stronger scavenging activities against DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals, reducing power and ferrous-ion-chelating ability to a greater extent than CCSP-1 and CCSP-3. CCSP-2 exhibited its protective effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic acute kidney injury (AKI) mice by significantly alleviating renal edema; reducing 24 h urine protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (SCr); inhibiting the release of serum proinflammatory cytokines; boosting the activities of antioxidant enzymes; and reducing the levels of oxidative damage products. These results suggest that CCSP-2 exerted its protective effect against LPS-induced septic AKI in mice through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways.
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Liu N, Zhou S, Olatunji OJ, Wu Y. Nucleosides rich extract from Cordyceps cicadae alleviated cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity in rats: A behavioral, biochemical and histopathological study. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Chang SH, Hsi HY, Leu JY, Lee TH. Cereal-based Solid-state Fermentation and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Paecilomyces cicadae SH1 (Ascomycota) Isolated in China. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:73-84. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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37
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Initial purification of antimicrobial fermentation metabolites from Paecilomyces cicadae and its antimicrobial mechanism. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zeng Z, Mou D, Luo L, Zhong W, Duan L, Zou X. Different Cultivation Environments Affect the Yield, Bacterial Community and Metabolites of Cordyceps cicadae. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:669785. [PMID: 34046024 PMCID: PMC8144455 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.669785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps cicadae is an entomogenous fungus with important uses in traditional Chinese medicine. However, its wild resources have not met consumers' demand due to excessive harvesting practices. Artificial cultivation is therefore an important alternative, but research on cultivating C. cicadae in natural habitats has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to explore the viability of cultivating C. cicadae in a natural habitat, in the soil of Pinus massoniana forest. We assessed and compared the yield, metabolite contents and bacterial community composition of C. cicadae grown in the Antheraea pernyi pupae at different growth stages, and under different cultivation conditions, in the soil of a natural habitat and in sterile glass bottles. Our results showed that cultivating C. cicadae in a natural habitat is feasible, with up to 95% of pupae producing C. cicadae fruiting bodies. The content of nitrogen compounds (amino acids) in C. cicadae cultivated in a natural habitat was significantly higher than in glass bottles, while the yield and carbon compound (mannitol and polysaccharide) and nucleoside (cordycepin and adenosine) contents were lower. Different bacterial genera were enriched in C. cicadae at different growth stages and cultivation environments, and these bacterial genera were closely related to metabolites contents during growth. This study demonstrated the viability of a novel cultivation method of C. cicadae, which could be used as an alternative to wild stocks of this fungus. These findings provided new insights into the growth mechanism of C. cicadae and its interaction with soil microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Zeng
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Dan Mou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li Luo
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenlin Zhong
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Lin Duan
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao Zou
- Institute of Fungal Resources, College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Zhang X, Li J, Yang B, Leng Q, Li J, Wang X, Lu J, Olatunji OJ, Tang J. Alleviation of Liver Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation Underlines the Protective Effects of Polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae on High Sugar/High Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100065. [PMID: 33738897 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the protective effects of two polysaccharides (CPA-1 and CPB-2) from Cordyceps cicadae against high fructose/high fat diet (HF/HFD) induced obesity and metabolic disorders in rats. Rats were either fed with normal diet or HF/HFD and treated with CPA-1 and CPB-2 (100 and 300 mg/kg) for 11 weeks. Administration of CPA-1 and CPB-2 significantly and dose dependently reduced body and liver weight, insulin and glucose tolerance, serum insulin and glucose levels. Furthermore, serum and hepatic lipid profiles, liver function enzymes and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) were markedly reduced. Additionally, CPA-1 and CPB-2 treatment alleviated hepatic oxidative stress by reducing lipid peroxidation level (MDA) and upregulating glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as ameliorated histological alterations through the reduction of hepatic lipid accumulation. These results suggested that the polysaccharides from C. cicadae showed protective effects against HF/HFD induced metabolic disturbances and may be considered as a dietary supplement for treating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, Linyi Central Hospital, Linyi, 276400, P. R. China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- Interventional Therapy Department Ward 1, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, P. R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Emergency, The People's Hospital of Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan, 265400, P. R. China
| | - Qina Leng
- Urinary Surgery, The People's Hospital of Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan, 265400, P. R. China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, People's Hospital of Hechuan, Chongqing, 401520, P. R. China
| | - Xintuan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Xianyang, Xianyang, 712000, P. R. China
| | - Junyao Lu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201900, P. R. China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Faculty of Thai Traditional Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jian Tang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Bozhou University, Bozhou, 236800, P. R. China
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Cordyceps cicadae NTTU 868 Mycelium with The Addition of Bioavailable Forms of Magnesium from Deep Ocean Water Prevents the Aβ40 and Streptozotocin-Induced Memory Deficit via Suppressing Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Factors and Increasing Magnesium Uptake of Brain. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by continuous accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain. Deep ocean water (DOW) with rich inorganic salts and minerals was proven to promote fungi growth and metabolism. Cordyceps cicada, a functional food fungus, can produce higher anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds including adenosine, polysaccharide, and N(6)-(2-Hydroxyethyl) adenosine (HEA). This study used DOW as the culture water of C. cicadae NTTU 868 for producing DOW-cultured C. cicadae (DCC), and further investigated the effects and mechanisms on improving the memory deficit and repressing risk factors expressions in Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced Alzheimer’s disease rats model. In the results, DCC including mycelium and filtrate had adenosine, HEA, polysaccharide, and intracellular Mg2+ after fermentation with DOW. DCC had more effect on the improvement of memory deficit because it suppressed Aβ40 and streptozotocin (STZ) infusion caused BACE, pro-inflammatory factors expressions, and Aβ40 accumulation by increasing sRAGE expression in the brain. Furthermore, DCC enhanced the MAGT1 expression due to high organic magnesium, which can reverse Aβ40-induced cortex magnesium deficiency and further repress Aβ40 accumulation.
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Zhang X, Zhang X, Gu S, Pan L, Sun H, Gong E, Zhu Z, Wen T, Daba GM, Elkhateeb WA. Structure analysis and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide-iron (III) from Cordyceps militaris mycelia. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 178:170-179. [PMID: 33639188 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Iron-enriched Cordyceps militaris was obtained by adding FeSO4 solution to the mycelia for biotransformation. The polysaccharide-iron (III) was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation. High performance liquid chromatography showed that the crude polysaccharide-iron (III) had three components. The second component was purified by Sephadex G-150 and named as CPS-iron-II. The average molecular weight of CPS-iron-II was 44.136 kDa. The content of iron was 2.73%. The monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that the CPS-iron-II was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, glucose, mannose, galacturonic acid with percentage ratio of 0.94:3.12:27.01:36.62:30.20:2.12. The results of methylation analysis revealed that the CPS-iron-II was made of →2)-β-D-Glcp-(1→, with →2, 4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→ highly branched. Congo-red test showed that CPS-iron-II can cause flocculation of Congo red solution. The anti-oxidative analysis showed that antioxidant activity of CPS-iron-II was almost equal to that of Vc. The manuscript provided a new way for the preparation of polysaccharide-iron(III) from Cordyceps militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Shuangshuang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Lichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Huiqing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Enlin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China
| | - Zhenyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, PR China.
| | - Tingchi Wen
- The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resource Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Ghoson Mosbah Daba
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Waill Ahmed Elkhateeb
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Chen Y, Wang T, Zhang X, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ. Structural and immunological studies on the polysaccharide from spores of a medicinal entomogenous fungus Paecilomyces cicadae. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117462. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cordyceps cicadae polysaccharides inhibit human cervical cancer hela cells proliferation via apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111971. [PMID: 33421460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.111971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The present study presented the extraction and purification of polysaccharides from artificially cultured Cordyceps cicadae and wild Cordyceps cicadae by pre-soaking ultrasonic water extraction. The effects of different concentrations of polysaccharides on proliferation and cytotoxicity of Hela cells were detected by MTT and LDH methods. The results showed that the proliferation of Hela cells was inhibited by polysaccharides treatment (25 μg/mL-1600 μg/mL). The results of flow cytometry further confirmed that polysaccharides blocked the cell cycle in the S phase and promoted apoptosis. RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to study the mRNA and protein expression of genes related to cell cycle and apoptosis signaling pathway. The results showed that polysaccharides treatment inhibited the expression of Cyclin E, Cyclin A and CDK2 and up regulated the expression of P53. Further, activation of Caspase cascade reaction, up regulation of death receptor, and the ratio of pro-apoptotic factor/anti-apoptotic factors, thus caused the cell cycle arrest and induced the apoptosis. The above research results lay a foundation for extending the anti-cancer effects of natural plant resources with low toxicity and high efficiency.
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