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Shan Q, Yu W, Xu Q, Liu R, Ying S, Dong J, Bao Y, Lyu Q, Shi C, Xia J, Tang J, Kuang H, Wang K, Tian G, Cao G. Detoxification and underlying mechanisms towards toxic alkaloids by Traditional Chinese Medicine processing: A comprehensive review. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155623. [PMID: 38703661 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alkaloids have attracted enduring interest worldwide due to their remarkable therapeutic effects, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties, thus offering a rich source for lead compound design and new drug discovery. However, some of these alkaloids possess intrinsic toxicity. Processing (Paozhi) is a pre-treatment step before the application of herbal medicines in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinics, which has been employed for centuries to mitigate the toxicity of alkaloid-rich TCMs. PURPOSE To explore the toxicity phenotypes, chemical basis, mode of action, detoxification processing methods, and underlying mechanisms, we can gain crucial insights into the safe and rational use of these toxic alkaloid-rich herbs. Such insights have the great potential to offer new strategies for drug discovery and development, ultimately improving the quality of life for millions of people. METHODS Literatures published or early accessed until December 31, 2023, were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI. The following keywords, such as "toxicity", "alkaloid", "detoxification", "processing", "traditional Chinese medicine", "medicinal plant", and "plant", were used in combination or separately for screening. RESULTS Toxicity of alkaloids in TCM includes hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, and other forms of toxicity, primarily induced by pyrrolizidines, quinolizidines, isoquinolines, indoles, pyridines, terpenoids, and amines. Factors such as whether the toxic-alkaloid enriched part is limited or heat-sensitive, and whether toxic alkaloids are also therapeutic components, are critical for choosing appropriate detoxification processing methods. Mechanisms of alkaloid detoxification includes physical removal, chemical decomposition or transformation, as well as biological modifications. CONCLUSION Through this exploration, we review toxic alkaloids and the mechanisms underlying their toxicity, discuss methods to reduce toxicity, and unravel the intricate mechanisms behind detoxification. These offers insights into the quality control of herbs containing toxic alkaloids, safe and rational use of alkaloid-rich TCMs in clinics, new strategies for drug discovery and development, and ultimately helping improve the quality of life for millions of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyuan Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Wei Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China; Clinical Research Unit, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qiongfang Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Ruina Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Shuye Ying
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jie Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Yini Bao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Qiang Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Changcheng Shi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Jing Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Haodan Kuang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Kuilong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.
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Li HQ, Xu JY, Wu SS, Jin L. Molecular Insights into Water-Chloride and Water-Water Interactions in the Supramolecular Architecture of Aconine Hydrochloride Dihydrate. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11925-11941. [PMID: 38496984 PMCID: PMC10938397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Despite the previous preparation of aconine hydrochloride monohydrate (AHM), accurate determination of the crystal's composition was hindered by severely disordered water molecules within the crystal. In this study, we successfully prepared a new dihydrate form of the aconine hydrochloride [C25H42NO9+Cl-·2(H2O), aconine hydrochloride dihydrate (AHD)] and accurately refined all water molecules within the AHD crystal. Our objective is to elucidate both water-chloride and water-water interactions in the AHD crystal. The crystal structure of AHD was determined at 136 K using X-ray diffraction and a multipolar atom model was constructed by transferring charge-density parameters to explore the topological features of key short contacts. By comparing the crystal structures of dihydrate and monohydrate forms, we have observed that both AHD and AHM exhibit identical aconine cations, except for variations in the number of water molecules present. In the AHD crystal, chloride anions and water molecules serve as pivotal connecting hubs to establish three-dimensional hydrogen bonding networks and one-dimensional hydrogen bonding chain; both water-chloride and water-water interactions assemble supramolecular architectures. The crystal packing of AHD exhibits a complete reversal in the stacking order compared to AHM, thereby emphasizing distinct disparities between them. Hirshfeld surface analysis reveals that H···Cl- and H···O contacts play a significant role in constructing the hydrogen bonding network and chain within these supramolecular architectures. Furthermore, topological analysis and electrostatic interaction energy confirm that both water-chloride and water-water interactions stabilize supramolecular architectures through electrostatic attraction facilitated by H···Cl- and H···O contacts. Importantly, these findings are strongly supported by the existing literature evidence. Consequently, navigating these water-chloride and water-water interactions is imperative for ensuring storage and safe processing of this pharmaceutical compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Qing Li
- State
Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People’s Republic
of China
- Mongolian
Medicine Laboratory, International Mongolian
Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yin Xu
- Mongolian
Pharmaceutical Preparation Center, International
Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- State
Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Liang Jin
- State
Clinical Trial Institution of New Drugs, International Mongolian Hospital of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010065, People’s Republic
of China
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Tan ZY, Wu B, Su X, Zhou Y, Ji YH. Differential expression of slow and fast-repriming tetrodotoxin-sensitive sodium currents in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 16:1336664. [PMID: 38273939 PMCID: PMC10808659 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1336664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Sodium channel Nav1.7 triggers the generation of nociceptive action potentials and is important in sending pain signals under physiological and pathological conditions. However, studying endogenous Nav1.7 currents has been confounded by co-expression of multiple sodium channel isoforms in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In the current study, slow-repriming (SR) and fast-repriming (FR) tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) currents were dissected electrophysiologically in small DRG neurons of both rats and mice. Three subgroups of small DRG neurons were identified based on the expression pattern of SR and FR TTX-S currents. A majority of rat neurons only expressed SR TTX-S currents, while a majority of mouse neurons expressed additional FR TTX-S currents. ProTx-II inhibited SR TTX-S currents with variable efficacy among DRG neurons. The expression of both types of TTX-S currents was higher in Isolectin B4-negative (IB4-) compared to Isolectin B4-positive (IB4+) neurons. Paclitaxel selectively increased SR TTX-S currents in IB4- neurons. In simulation experiments, the Nav1.7-expressing small DRG neuron displayed lower rheobase and higher frequency of action potentials upon threshold current injections compared to Nav1.6. The results suggested a successful dissection of endogenous Nav1.7 currents through electrophysiological manipulation that may provide a useful way to study the functional expression and pharmacology of endogenous Nav1.7 channels in DRG neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei University School of Basic Medicine, Baoding, China
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Bin Wu
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- Institute of Special Environment Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaolin Su
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University School of Basic Medicine, Baoding, China
| | - Yong-Hua Ji
- Department of Physiology, Hebei University School of Basic Medicine, Baoding, China
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Liu Z, Li X, Luo Q, Pan H, Shi F. Structural feature-based strategy for the identification of diterpene alkaloids in Aconitum carmichaeli Debeaux. Fitoterapia 2024; 172:105761. [PMID: 38036079 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The taproot of Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (AC), a poisonous Traditional Chinese Medicine, has been widely used to treat joint pain, rheumatism and dysmenorrhea. Fermentation is a traditional drug processing method that reduces toxicity or increases efficacy. However, the chemical composition of AC, especially fermented AC, has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a method to characterize the chemical composition of raw and fermented AC. In this study, a structural feature-based comprehensive strategy was employed to identify the chemical components of raw and fermented AC. A highly selective method consisting of mass defect filtering (MDF), ring double bond (RDB), nitrogen rule, and feature MS fragments filtering was established using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS. By the established method, 230 diterpene alkaloids were characterized in raw AC, including 108 amine, 68 monoester, and 54 diester diterpene alkaloids. 145 of them were potential new compounds. Totals of 466 diterpene alkaloids were identified in fermented AC, including 231 amine, 162 monoester, and 73 diester diterpene alkaloids. 397 of them were potential new compounds. Ester hydrolysis, hydroxylation, and demethylation were the major transformation pathways during fermentation. An integrated approach with highly selective based on the structural feature of analytes was established and applied to identify the chemicals in AC. The strategy showed great performance in improving the accuracy and coverage of the identification by using LC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Qi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China
| | - Fuguo Shi
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education & Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, China.
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5
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Tao H, Liu X, Tian R, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Meng X, Zhang Y. A review: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacology of aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 301:115726. [PMID: 36183950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Aconitum medicinal materials, such as Aconitum carmichaelii Debeaux (Chinese: Wutou/) and Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb. (Chinese: Caowu/), are a kind of important Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with great medicinal value. Statistics show that there are over 600 efficient TCM formulations comprising Aconitum medicinal materials. But high toxicity limits their clinical application. Clinically, the Aconitum medicinal materials must undergo a complex processing process that includes soaking, steaming, and boiling with pharmaceutical excipients, which makes highly toxic ester diterpenoid alkaloids are hydrolyzed to form less toxic aminoalcohol-diterpenoid alkaloids (ADAs). AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to summarize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacological activities of low-toxicity ADAs, providing a reference for future ADAs research and drug development. MATERIALS AND METHODS Accessible literature on ADAs published between 1984 and 2022 were screened and obtained from available electronic databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct and Google Scholar, followed by systematic analysis. RESULTS ADAs are secondary products of plant metabolism, widely distributed in the Aconitum species and Delphinium species. The toxicity of ADAs as pharmacodynamic components of Aconitum medicinal materials is much lower than that of other diterpenoid alkaloids due to the absence of ester bonds. On the one hand, the pharmacokinetics of ADAs have received little attention compared to other toxic alkaloids. The research primarily focuses on aconine and mesaconine. According to existing studies, ADAs absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is primarily passive with a short Tmax. Simultaneously, efflux transporters have less impact on ADAs absorption than non-ADAs. After entering the body, ADAs are widely distributed in the heart, liver, lungs, and kidney, but less in the brain. Notably, aconine is not well metabolized by liver microsomes. Aconine and mesaconine are excreted in urine and feces, respectively. ADAs, on the other hand, have been shown to have a variety of pharmacological activities, including cardiac, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and regenerative effects via regulating multiple signaling pathways, including Nrf2/ARE, PERK/eIF2α/ATF4/Chop, ERK/CREB, NF-κB, Bcl-2/Bax, and GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS ADAs have been shown to have beneficial effects on heart disease, neurological disease, and other systemic diseases. Moreover, ADAs have low toxicity and a wide range of safe doses. All of these suggest that ADAs have great potential for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xianfeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ruimin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Xianli Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China; Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611130, China.
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Goyal S, Goyal S, Goins AE, Alles SR. Plant-derived natural products targeting ion channels for pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 13:100128. [PMID: 37151956 PMCID: PMC10160805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain affects approximately one-fifth of people worldwide and reduces quality of life and in some cases, working ability. Ion channels expressed along nociceptive pathways affect neuronal excitability and as a result modulate pain experience. Several ion channels have been identified and investigated as potential targets for new medicines for the treatment of a variety of human diseases, including chronic pain. Voltage-gated channels Na+ and Ca2+ channels, K+ channels, transient receptor potential channels (TRP), purinergic (P2X) channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are some examples of ion channels exhibiting altered function or expression in different chronic pain states. Pharmacological approaches are being developed to mitigate dysregulation of these channels as potential treatment options. Since natural compounds of plant origin exert promising biological and pharmacological properties and are believed to possess less adverse effects compared to synthetic drugs, they have been widely studied as treatments for chronic pain for their ability to alter the functional activity of ion channels. A literature review was conducted using Medline, Google Scholar and PubMed, resulted in listing 79 natural compounds/extracts that are reported to interact with ion channels as part of their analgesic mechanism of action. Most in vitro studies utilized electrophysiological techniques to study the effect of natural compounds on ion channels using primary cultures of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. In vivo studies concentrated on different pain models and were conducted mainly in mice and rats. Proceeding into clinical trials will require further study to develop new, potent and specific ion channel modulators of plant origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Goyal
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Shivali Goyal
- School of Pharmacy, Abhilashi University, Chail Chowk, Mandi, HP 175045, India
| | - Aleyah E. Goins
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Sascha R.A. Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
- Corresponding author.
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Kondo T, Ishida T, Ye K, Muraguchi M, Tanimura Y, Yoshida M, Ishiuchi K, Abe T, Nikawa T, Hagihara K, Hayashi H, Makino T. Suppressive effects of processed aconite root on dexamethasone-induced muscle ring finger protein-1 expression and its active ingredients. J Nat Med 2022; 76:594-604. [PMID: 35178660 PMCID: PMC10008256 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-022-01606-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Processed aconite root (PA), the tuberous root of Aconitum carmichaelii prepared by autoclaving, is a crude drug used in Japanese traditional Kampo medicine and traditional Chinese medicine for the symptoms of kidney deficiency, that is related to the muscle atrophy in modern medicine. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of PA on muscle atrophy and to find its active ingredients using dexamethasone-induced muscle ring finger protein-1 (MuRF1) mRNA expression in murine myoblast C2C12 cells. Dexamethasone-induced MuRF1 expression was significantly suppressed by methanol-soluble part of boiling water extract of PA in a concentration-dependent manner with its IC50 value of 1.5 mg/ml. By the activity-guided fractionations of PA extract using the partition between organic solvents and its aqueous solution, the activity of PA did not transfer into the fraction containing aconitine-type diterpenoid alkaloids but into BuOH layer. Then, we found higenamine and salsolinol as the active ingredients in PA. Higenamine and salsolinol significantly suppressed dexamethasone-induced MuRF1 expression, and their IC50 values were 0.49 and 50 µM, respectively. The contents of higenamine and salsolinol in the decoctions of commercially available fourteen PA products are 0.12 and 14 µg/ml as the average values, and varied with the coefficient of variation (CV) values of 97 and 63%, respectively. Higenamine also significantly suppressed dexamethasone-induced mRNA expressions of muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx)/atrogin1, casitas B-lineage lymphoma-b (Cbl-b), troponin, branched-chain amino acid aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2), and Bcl-2 binding and pro-apoptotic protein3 (Bnip3). Although the quality control of PA is regulated by the contents of diterpene alkaloids, salsolinol and higenamine can be used as the marker compounds to certificate the pharmacological activities of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Kondo
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Ke Ye
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Marin Muraguchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yohei Tanimura
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Yoshida
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Kan'ichiro Ishiuchi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoki Abe
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nikawa
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Institute of Medical Nutrition, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Keisuke Hagihara
- Department of Advanced Hybrid Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-Dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8603, Japan.
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Alles SRA, Smith PA. Peripheral Voltage-Gated Cation Channels in Neuropathic Pain and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2022; 2:750583. [PMID: 35295464 PMCID: PMC8915663 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2021.750583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of increased excitability and spontaneous activity in injured peripheral neurons is imperative for the development and persistence of many forms of neuropathic pain. This aberrant activity involves increased activity and/or expression of voltage-gated Na+ and Ca2+ channels and hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated (HCN) channels as well as decreased function of K+ channels. Because they display limited central side effects, peripherally restricted Na+ and Ca2+ channel blockers and K+ channel activators offer potential therapeutic approaches to pain management. This review outlines the current status and future therapeutic promise of peripherally acting channel modulators. Selective blockers of Nav1.3, Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Cav3.2, and HCN2 and activators of Kv7.2 abrogate signs of neuropathic pain in animal models. Unfortunately, their performance in the clinic has been disappointing; some substances fail to meet therapeutic end points whereas others produce dose-limiting side effects. Despite this, peripheral voltage-gated cation channels retain their promise as therapeutic targets. The way forward may include (i) further structural refinement of K+ channel activators such as retigabine and ASP0819 to improve selectivity and limit toxicity; use or modification of Na+ channel blockers such as vixotrigine, PF-05089771, A803467, PF-01247324, VX-150 or arachnid toxins such as Tap1a; the use of Ca2+ channel blockers such as TTA-P2, TTA-A2, Z 944, ACT709478, and CNCB-2; (ii) improving methods for assessing “pain” as opposed to nociception in rodent models; (iii) recognizing sex differences in pain etiology; (iv) tailoring of therapeutic approaches to meet the symptoms and etiology of pain in individual patients via quantitative sensory testing and other personalized medicine approaches; (v) targeting genetic and biochemical mechanisms controlling channel expression using anti-NGF antibodies such as tanezumab or re-purposed drugs such as vorinostat, a histone methyltransferase inhibitor used in the management of T-cell lymphoma, or cercosporamide a MNK 1/2 inhibitor used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; (vi) combination therapy using drugs that are selective for different channel types or regulatory processes; (vii) directing preclinical validation work toward the use of human or human-derived tissue samples; and (viii) application of molecular biological approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha R A Alles
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Peter A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Xu X, Jia L, Ma X, Li H, Sun C. Application Potential of Plant-Derived Medicines in Prevention and Treatment of Platinum-Induced Peripheral Neurotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:792331. [PMID: 35095502 PMCID: PMC8793340 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.792331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As observed with other chemotherapeutic agents, the clinical application of platinum agents is a double-edged sword. Platinum-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) is a common adverse event that negatively affects clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life. Considering the unavailability of effective established agents for preventing or treating PIPN and the increasing population of cancer survivors, the identification and development of novel, effective interventions are the need of the hour. Plant-derived medicines, recognized as ideal agents, can not only help improve PIPN without affecting chemotherapy efficacy, but may also produce synergy. In this review, we present a brief summary of the mechanisms of platinum agents and PIPN and then focus on exploring the preventive or curative effects and underlying mechanisms of plant-derived medicines, which have been evaluated under platinum-induced neurotoxicity conditions. We identified 11 plant extracts as well as 17 plant secondary metabolites, and four polyherbal preparations. Their effects against PIPN are focused on oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, glial activation and inflammation response, and ion channel dysfunction. Also, ten clinical trials have assessed the effect of herbal products in patients with PIPN. The understanding of the molecular mechanism is still limited, the quality of clinical trials need to be further improved, and in terms of their efficacy, safety, and cost effectiveness studies have not provided sufficient evidence to establish a standard practice. But plant-derived medicines have been found to be invaluable sources for the development of natural agents with beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Xu
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liqun Jia
- Oncology Department of Integrative Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoran Ma
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huayao Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changgang Sun
- Department of Oncology, Weifang Traditional Chinese Hospital, Weifang, China.,Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, China.,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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10
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Takanashi K, Shibata K, Mizuno K, Komatsu R, Koizumi S. Goshajinkigan attenuates paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain via cortical astrocytes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00850. [PMID: 34676996 PMCID: PMC8532134 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The anticancer agents platinum derivatives and taxanes such as paclitaxel (PCX) often cause neuropathy known as chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy with high frequency. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying such neuropathy largely remain unknown. Here, we show new findings that the effect of Goshajinkigan (GJG), a Japanese KAMPO medicine, inhibits PCX‐induced neuropathy by acting on astrocytes. The administration of PCX in mice caused the sustained neuropathy lasting at least 4 weeks, which included mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia but not cold allodynia. PCX‐evoked pain behaviors were associated with the sensitization of all primary afferent fibers. PCX did not activate microglia or astrocytes in the spinal cord. However, it significantly activated astrocytes in the primary sensory (S1) cortex without affecting S1 microglial activation there. GJG significantly inhibited the PCX‐induced mechanical allodynia by 50% and thermal hyperalgesia by 90%, which was in accordance with the abolishment of astrocytic activation in the S1 cortex. Finally, the inhibition of S1 astrocytes by an astrocyte‐toxin L‐alpha‐aminoadipic acid abolished the PCX‐induced neuropathy. Our findings suggest that astrocytes in the S1 cortex would play an important role in the pathogenesis of PCX‐induced neuropathy and are a potential target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Takanashi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keisuke Shibata
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Keita Mizuno
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.,Tsumura Research Laboratories, Kampo Scientific Strategies Division, Tsumura & Co, Inashiki-gun, Japan
| | - Ryohei Komatsu
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Schuichi Koizumi
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan.,Yamanashi GLIA Center, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
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11
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Nakayama A, Tsuchiya K, Xu L, Matsumoto T, Makino T. Drug-interaction between paclitaxel and goshajinkigan extract and its constituents. J Nat Med 2021; 76:59-67. [PMID: 34304352 PMCID: PMC8732799 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-021-01552-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Paclitaxel, a standard chemotherapeutic agent for several types of cancer, including ovarian, breast, and non-small-cell lung cancer, causes peripheral neuropathy as an adverse effect in 60–70% of the patients. The utility of combination therapy with paclitaxel and goshajinkigan, a traditional Japanese Kampo medicine, in managing paclitaxel-induced neuropathy during chemotherapy has been explored. Paclitaxel is predominantly metabolized in the liver by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8 to produce 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel and by CYP3A4 to produce 3′-p-hydroxypaclitaxel. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory or inducing effects of goshajinkigan extract (GJG) and its representative and bioavailable constituents, geniposidic acid, plantagoguanidinic acid, paeoniflorin, catalpol, loganin, and neoline, on the metabolism of paclitaxel via CYP2C8 and CYP3A4 using pooled human liver microsomes and cultured human cryopreserved hepatocytes to provide the drug information about the pharmacokinetic interaction of this combination therapy. GJG significantly inhibited the production of 3’-p-hydroxypaclitaxel and 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of GJG were 4.5 and 7.8 mg/ml, respectively, for 3′-p-hydroxypaclitaxel and 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel productions. Neoline inhibited the production of 3′-p-hydroxypaclitaxel at 50 μM, but not at lower concentrations. Apart from neoline, other GJG constituents (at concentrations up to 50 or 10 μM of all test substances) did not exhibit inhibitory or inducing effects. Since GJG showed the inhibitory effect on the metabolism of paclitaxel at much higher concentrations than those used clinically, it can be concluded that GJG product does not exhibit any pharmacokinetic interaction with paclitaxel in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Nakayama
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Tsuchiya
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Lingyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsumoto
- Tsumura Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Kampo Research and Development Division, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, 300-1192, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Makino
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan.
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12
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Alvarez P, Bogen O, Green PG, Levine JD. Nociceptor Overexpression of Na V1.7 Contributes to Chronic Muscle Pain Induced by Early-Life Stress. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2021; 22:806-816. [PMID: 33636374 PMCID: PMC8406703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adult rats previously submitted to neonatal limited bedding (NLB), a model of early-life stress, display muscle mechanical hyperalgesia and nociceptor hyperexcitability, the underlying mechanism for which is unknown. Since voltage-gated sodium channel subtype 7 (NaV1.7) contributes to mechanical hyperalgesia in several preclinical pain models and is critical for nociceptor excitability, we explored its role in the muscle hyperalgesia exhibited by adult NLB rats. Western blot analyses demonstrated increased NaV1.7 protein expression in L4-L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from adult NLB rats, and antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (AS ODN) targeting NaV1.7 alpha subunit mRNA attenuated the expression of NaV1.7 in DRG extracts. While this AS ODN did not affect nociceptive threshold in normal rats it significantly attenuated hyperalgesia in NLB rats. The selective NaV1.7 activator OD1 produced dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia that was enhanced in NLB rats, whereas the NaV1.7 blocker ProTx-II prevented OD1-induced hyperalgesia in control rats and ongoing hyperalgesia in NLB rats. AS ODN knockdown of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, which enhances NaV1.7 function, also inhibited mechanical hyperalgesia in NLB rats. Our results support the hypothesis that overexpression of NaV1.7 in muscle nociceptors play a role in chronic muscle pain induced by early-life stress, suggesting that NaV1.7 is a target for the treatment of chronic muscle pain. PERSPECTIVE: We demonstrate that early-life adversity, induced by exposure to inconsistent maternal care, produces chronic muscle hyperalgesia, which depends, at least in part, on increased expression of NaV1.7 in nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alvarez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Oliver Bogen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paul G Green
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Preventative and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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13
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Liu QF, Kanmani S, Lee J, Kim GW, Jeon S, Koo BS. Neoline Improves Memory Impairment and Reduces Amyloid-β Level and Tau Phosphorylation Through AMPK Activation in the Mouse Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 81:507-516. [PMID: 33814448 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most general, chronic, and progressive neurodegenerative senile disorder characterized clinically by progressive cognitive deterioration and memory impairment. Neoline is effective against neuropathic pain models, but the effects of neoline against AD-like phenotypes have not been investigated. OBJECTIVE We offer the investigation of the effects of neoline in AD. METHODS In this study, a Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mouse model was treated orally with neoline at a concentration of 0.5 mg/kg or 0.1 mg/kg starting at 7.5 months and administered for three months, and its anti-AD effects were evaluated. RESULTS Neoline improved memory and cognition impairments and reduced the number of amyloid-beta plaque and the amount of amyloid-β in the brain of AD mice. Furthermore, neoline reduced the anxiety behavior in the AD mouse model. The chronic administration of neoline also induced AMPK phosphorylation and decreased tau, amyloid-β, and BACE1 expression in the hippocampus. These findings indicate that chronic administration of neoline has therapeutic effects via AMPK activation, and BACE1 downregulation resulted in a decrease in the amyloid-β levels in the brain of Tg-APPswe/PS1dE9 AD mice. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that neoline is a therapeutic agent for the cure of neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Feng Liu
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Suganya Kanmani
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Woobo Research Institute of Oriental Medicine Co. Ltd, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Woo Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Bundang Oriental Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Songhee Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center for Glocal Future Biomedical Scientists at Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Koo
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea.,Department of Korean Neuropsychiatry, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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