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Chen Y, Li H, Zhang XL, Wang W, Rashed MMA, Duan H, Li LL, Zhai KF. Exploring the anti-skin inflammation substances and mechanism of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Flower via network pharmacology-HPLC integration. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 129:155565. [PMID: 38579646 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (PL) is widely used in China as a homologous plant of medicine and food. PL flower is rich in bioactive substances with anti-inflammatory effects, while the pathogenesis of skin inflammation is complex and the specific mechanism is not clear, the current treatment of skin inflammation is mainly hormonal drugs, and hormonal drugs have obvious toxic side effects. The research on the treatment of skin inflammation by PL flowers is relatively small, so this study provides a basis for the development and utilisation of PL resources. OBJECTIVE Our study was to investigate the interventional effects of PL flower extracts on skin inflammation and thus to understand its functional role in the treatment of skin inflammation and its molecular mechanisms. METHODS The major active substances in PL flower extracts were investigated by the HPLC-DAD method, and the potential targets of action were predicted by network pharmacology, which was combined with in vitro experimental validation to explore the mechanism of PL flower extracts on the regulation of skin inflammation. The HPLC-DAD analysis identified seven major active components in PL flower extracts, and in response to the results, combined with the potential mechanism of network pharmacological prediction with skin inflammation, the PL flower extract is closely related to MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. In addition, we also investigated the interventional effects of PL flower extract on skin inflammation by western blot detection of MAPK signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway proteins in cells. RESULT Seven active components were identified and quantified from the extract of PL flowers, including Gallic acid, 1,2,3,4,6-O-Pentagalloylglucose, Oxypaeoniflorin, Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Benzoyloxypeoniflorin, and Rutin. It was predicted targets for the treatment of skin inflammation, with PPI showing associations with targets such as TNF, MAPK1, and IL-2. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the main signaling pathways involved included MAPK and T cell receptor signaling pathways. Cell experiments showed that the peony flower extract could inhibit the release of NO and inflammatory factors, as well as reduce ROS levels and inhibit cell apoptosis. Furthermore, the extract was found to inhibit the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in cells. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we found that PL flower extract can inhibit the production of cell inflammatory substances, suppress the release of inflammatory factors, and deactivate inflammatory signaling pathways, further inhibiting the production of cell inflammation. This indicates that PL flower extract has a therapeutic effect on skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China
| | - Han Li
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China
| | - Xin-Lian Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China
| | - Marwan M A Rashed
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China
| | - Hong Duan
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China.
| | - Li-Li Li
- General Clinical Research Center, Anhui Wanbei Coal-Electricity Group General Hospital, Suzhou 234000, China.
| | - Ke-Feng Zhai
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China; School of Biological and Food Engineering, Engineering Research Center for Development and High Value Utilization of Genuine Medicinal Materials in North Anhui Province, Suzhou University, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, China.
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Baptista F, Paié-Ribeiro J, Almeida M, Barros AN. Exploring the Role of Phenolic Compounds in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review. Molecules 2024; 29:2576. [PMID: 38893451 PMCID: PMC11173950 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29112576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) presents a formidable global health concern, affecting one in six adults over 25. This review explores the potential of phenolic compounds in managing CKD and its complications. By examining the existing research, we highlight their diverse biological activities and potential to combat CKD-related issues. We analyze the nutritional benefits, bioavailability, and safety profile of these compounds. While the clinical evidence is promising, preclinical studies offer valuable insights into underlying mechanisms, optimal dosages, and potential side effects. Further research is crucial to validate the therapeutic efficacy of phenolic compounds for CKD. We advocate for continued exploration of their innovative applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and nutraceuticals. This review aims to catalyze the scientific community's efforts to leverage phenolic compounds against CKD-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Baptista
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jessica Paié-Ribeiro
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.-R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mariana Almeida
- CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (J.P.-R.); (M.A.)
| | - Ana Novo Barros
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Li D, Shi W, Hu C, Wen C, Huang L, Wang Q. Lipidomics Analysis Deepen Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms in a Gouty Model Induced by Combination of MSU Crystals Injection and High-Fat Diet Feeding and the Intervention Mechanisms of Allopurinol. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1003-1018. [PMID: 38370465 PMCID: PMC10874778 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s443358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gouty arthritis (GA) is a common inflammatory disease caused by deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals in diarthrodial joints. GA attacks commonly involved in joint with red, swollen, heat and pain, and often happened in unilateral foot-first metatarsophalangeal. Accumulated studies have proved that lipids play critical roles in biological processes and lipids biomarkers can substitute for the diagnosis of various diseases. Methods Herein, shotgun lipidomics was used to quantitatively analyze serum lipidomes of a gouty model which was induced by injecting MSU crystals and feeding high-fat diet with/without treatment with allopurinol. Meanwhile, ELISA kit was used to detect mouse serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (eg, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 1 beta) and HE staining was used to observe the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the foot pad. Results A total of 9 types of serum lipids were detected in lipidomics by shotguns, and the result of NMDS' analysis demonstrated significant differences in lipids profiles between the control and model group. It is worth noting that lipid abnormality in GA (such as Ceramide (Cer), sphingomyelin (SM), 4-hydroxyalkenals (HNE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (PE), etc.) is related with phospholipid and energy metabolism, and allopurinol treatment could correct the aberrant metabolism of lipid to some extent. Conclusion Our results indicated that various aberrant lipid metabolisms were present in the established gouty model, and allopurinol treatment could relief this aberrant metabolism of lipids to some degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianming Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiman Shi
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changfeng Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengping Wen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Huang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, People’s Republic of China
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Du J, Wang N, Yu D, He P, Gao Y, Tu Y, Li Y. Data mining-guided alleviation of hyperuricemia by Paeonia veitchii Lynch through inhibition of xanthine oxidase and regulation of renal urate transporters. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 124:155305. [PMID: 38176275 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease characterized by a high level of uric acid (UA). The extensive historical application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) offers a range of herbs and prescriptions used for the treatment of HUA-related disorders. However, the core herbs in the prescriptions and their mechanisms have not been sufficiently explained. PURPOSE Our current investigation aimed to estimate the anti-HUA effect and mechanisms of Paeonia veitchii Lynch, an herb with high use frequency identified from data mining of TCM prescriptions. METHODS Prescriptions for HUA/gout treatment were statistically analyzed through a data mining approach to determine the common nature and use frequency of their composition herbs. The chemical constituents of Paeonia veitchii extract (PVE) were analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS, while its UA-lowering effect was further evaluated in adenosine-induced liver cells and potassium oxonate (PO) and hypoxanthine (HX)-induced HUA mice. RESULTS A total of 225 prescriptions involving 246 herbs were sorted out. The properties, flavors and meridians of the appearing herbs were mainly cold, bitter and liver, respectively, while their efficacy was primarily concentrated on clearing heat and dispelling wind. Further usage frequency analysis yielded the top 20 most commonly used herbs, in which PVE presented significant inhibitory activity (IC50 = 131.33 µg/ml) against xanthine oxidase (XOD), and its constituents showed strong binding with XOD in a molecular docking study and further were experimentally validated through XOD enzymatic inhibition and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). PVE (50 to 200 μg/ml) dose-dependently decreased UA levels by inhibiting XOD expression and activity in BRL 3A liver cells. In HUA mice, oral administration of PVE exhibited a significant UA-lowering effect, which was attributed to the reduction of UA production by inhibiting XOD activity and expression, as well as the enhancement of UA excretion by regulating renal urate transporters (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1 and ABCG2). Noticeably, all doses of PVE treatment did not cause any liver injury, and displayed a renal protective effect. CONCLUSIONS Our results first comprehensively clarified the therapeutic effect and mechanisms of PVE against HUA through suppressing UA production and promoting UA excretion with hepatic and renal protection, suggesting that PVE could be a promising UA-lowering candidate with a desirable safety profile for the treatment of HUA and prevention of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiana Du
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Na Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Dehong Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Pei He
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yu Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Yanbei Tu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China.
| | - Yanfang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China.
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Jiang Y, Zhang C, Zhang X, Lan N, Zhao Z, Xv Y, Wang Q, Wang S, Chen B, Chen X, Wang Y. Antigout effects and mechanisms of total flavonoids from prunus tomentosa. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:217-228. [PMID: 38759051 PMCID: PMC11191451 DOI: 10.3233/thc-248019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis have become increasingly common, posing a serious threat to public health. Current treatments primarily involve Western medicines with associated toxic side effects. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of total flavones from Prunus tomentosa (PTTF) on a rat model of gout and explore the mechanism of PTTF's anti-gout action through the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. METHODS We measured serum uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Histopathological changes were observed using HE staining, and the expression levels of relevant proteins were detected through Western blotting. RESULTS After PTTF treatment, all indicators improved significantly. PTTF reduced blood levels of UA, Cr, BUN, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and decreased ankle swelling. CONCLUSIONS PTTF may have a therapeutic effect on animal models of hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis by reducing serum UA levels, improving ankle swelling, and inhibiting inflammation. The primary mechanism involves the regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway to alleviate inflammation. Further research is needed to explore deeper mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Jiang
- Beihua University, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- Beihua University, College of Pharmacy, Jilin, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Johns Hopkins University, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Na Lan
- MingZheng Forensic Identification Centre of Jilin, Jilin, China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- Beihua University, College of Pharmacy, Jilin, China
| | - Yawei Xv
- Beihua University, College of Pharmacy, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beihua University, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Siwei Wang
- Beihua University, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Baifeng Chen
- Beihua University, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Beihua University, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Xu L, Ma S, Lin F, Xie Y, An J, Wang S. Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews leaf extract and its main component apigenin 7-O-glucoside ameliorate hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity and regulating renal urate transporters. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 118:154957. [PMID: 37478683 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperuricemia is an important pathological basis of gout and a distinct hazard factor for metabolic syndromes and cardiovascular and chronic renal disease, but lacks safe and effective treatments currently. Paeonia × suffruticosa Andrews leaf effectively reduced serum uric acid in gout patients; however, the material foundation and the mechanism remain unclear. PURPOSE To determine the primary active components and mechanism of P. suffruticosa leaf in hyperuricemic mice. METHODS The chemical constituents of P. suffruticosa leaf was identified using high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The anti-hyperuricemic activity of P. suffruticosa leaf extract (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) and its components was evaluated in hyperuricemic mice induced by a high purine diet for 14 days. Then, the urate-lowering effects of apigenin 7-O-glucoside (0.09, 0.18, and 0.36 mg/kg) were assessed in another hyperuricemic mice model built by administrating potassium oxonate and adenine for 4 weeks. The inhibitory effect of apigenin 7-O-glucoside on uric acid production was elucidated by investigating xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and in serum and the liver and through molecular docking. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses of the expression of renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1), and ATP-binding cassette G member 2 (ABCG2) proteins elucidated how apigenin 7-O-glucoside promoted uric acid excretion. RESULTS Six compounds were identified in P. suffruticosa leaf: gallic acid, methyl gallate, oxypaeoniflorin, paeoniflorin, galloylpaeoniflorin, and apigenin 7-O-glucoside. P. suffruticosa leaf extract significantly attenuated increased serum uric acid, creatinine, and xanthine oxidase activity in hyperuricemic mice. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside from P. suffruticosa leaf reduced uric acid, creatinine, and malondialdehyde serum levels, increased superoxide dismutase activity, and partially restored the spleen coefficient in hyperuricemic mice. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside inhibited xanthine oxidase activity in vitro and decreased serum and liver xanthine oxidase activity and liver xanthine oxidase protein expression in hyperuricemic mice. Molecular docking revealed that apigenin 7-O-glucoside bound to xanthine oxidase. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside facilitated uric acid excretion by modulating the renal urate transporters URAT1, GLUT9, OAT1, and ABCG2. Apigenin 7-O-glucoside protected against renal damage and oxidative stress caused by hyperuricemia by reducing serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, malondialdehyde, and renal reactive oxygen species levels; increasing serum and renal superoxide dismutase activity; restoring the renal coefficient; and reducing renal pathological injury. CONCLUSION Apigenin 7-O-glucoside is the main urate-lowering active component of P. suffruticosa leaf extract in the hyperuricemic mice. It suppressed liver xanthine oxidase activity to decrease uric acid synthesis and modulated renal urate transporters to stimulate uric acid excretion, alleviating kidney damage caused by hyperuricemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, China
| | - Chang Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yani Zhao
- Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Lu Xu
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shanbo Ma
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Fen Lin
- Research and Development Department, Shaanxi Fengdan Zhengyuan Biotechnology Limited Company, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710076, China
| | - Yanhua Xie
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Junming An
- Department of Acupuncture, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China.
| | - Siwang Wang
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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Gui R, Wang YK, Wu JP, Deng GM, Cheng F, Zeng HL, Zeng PH, Long HP, Zhang W, Wei XF, Wang WX, Zhu GZ, Ren WQ, Chen ZH, He XA, Xu KP. Cyclocarya paliurus leaves alleviate hyperuricemic nephropathy via modulation of purine metabolism, antiinflammation, and antifibrosis. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
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Li N, Amatjan M, He P, Zhang B, Mai X, Jiang Q, Xie H, Shao X. Integration of network pharmacology and intestinal flora to investigate the mechanism of action of Chinese herbal Cichorium intybus formula in attenuating adenine and ethambutol hydrochloride-induced hyperuricemic nephropathy in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:2338-2354. [PMID: 36444935 PMCID: PMC9897651 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2147551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae) formula (CF) has been applied as a folk medicine to treat hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of CF on HN. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through network pharmacological methods, the targets of the active component of CF against HN were obtained. Subsequently, Male Wistar rats were divided into control, HN, allopurinol (50 mg/kg), CF high-dose (8.64 g/kg) and CF low-dose (2.16 g/kg) groups. The HN model was induced via intragastric administration of adenine (100 mg/kg) and ethambutol hydrochloride (250 mg/kg) for 3 weeks. After CF treatment, biochemical indicators including UA, UREA and CREA were measured. Then, HE staining, qRT-PCR and gut microbiota analysis were conducted to further explore the mechanism. RESULTS The network pharmacology identified 83 key targets, 6 core genes and 200 signalling pathways involved in the treatment of HN. Compared to the HN group, CF (8.64 g/kg) significantly reduced the levels of UA, UREA and CREA (from 2.4 to 1.57 μMol/L, from 15.87 to 11.05 mMol/L and from 64.83 to 54.83 μMol/L, respectively), and mitigated renal damage. Furthermore, CF inhibited the expression of IL-6, TP53, TNF and JUN. It also altered the composition of gut microbiota, and ameliorated HN by increasing the relative abundance of some probiotics. CONCLUSIONS This work elucidated the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism by which CF protects against HN from the view of the biodiversity of the intestinal flora, thus providing a scientific basis for the usage of CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mukaram Amatjan
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pengke He
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Boheng Zhang
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianyan Mai
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianle Jiang
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haochen Xie
- Qinghai Tibet Plateau Research Institute, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoni Shao
- Immunotherapy Laboratory, College of Pharmacology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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Liu X, Chen Y, Zhang J, He Y, Ya H, Gao K, Yang H, Xie W, Li L. Widely targeted metabolomics reveals stamen petaloid tissue of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. being a potential pharmacological resource. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274013. [PMID: 36054136 PMCID: PMC9439255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeonia lactiflflora Pall. has a long edible and medicinal history because of the very high content of biologically active compounds. However, little information is available about the metabolic basis of pharmacological values of P. lactiflora flowers. In this study, we investigated metabolites in the different parts of P. lactiflora flowers, including petal, stamen petaloid tissue and stamen, by widely targeted metabolomics approach. A total of 1102 metabolites were identified, among which 313 and 410 metabolites showed differential accumulation in comparison groups of petal vs. stamen petaloid tissue and stamen vs. stamen petaloid tissue. Differential accumulated metabolites analysis and KEGG pathway analysis showed that the flavonoids were the most critical differential metabolites. Furthermore, difference accumulation of flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins and alkaloids might lead to the differences in antioxidant activities and tyrosinase inhibition effects. Indeed, stamen petaloid tissue displayed better antioxidant and anti-melanin production activities than petal and stamen through experimental verification. These results not only expand our understanding of metabolites in P. lactiflora flowers, but also reveal that the stamen petaloid tissues of P. lactiflora hold the great potential as promising ingredients for pharmaceuticals, functional foods and skincare products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghui Liu
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yifan He
- Institute of Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiyuan Ya
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Kai Gao
- Peony Institute, Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Huizhi Yang
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wanyue Xie
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Lingmei Li
- School of Food and Drug, Henan Functional Cosmetics Engineering Technology Research Center, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
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Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine Plays a Role in the Liver, Kidney, and Intestine to Ameliorate Hyperuricemia according to Experimental Studies. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:4618352. [PMID: 34876914 PMCID: PMC8645359 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4618352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
In the last few decades, hyperuricemia has drawn increasing attention owing to its global prevalence. Observational surveys have manifested that there is a relation between hyperuricemia and increased risks of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, metabolic disorders, end stage renal disease, and mortality. As alternatives, Traditional Chinese medicinal herbs have demonstrated concrete effects in mitigating hyperuricemia in different experiments. Researchers have made efforts to investigate the role of herbal medicine in attenuating hyperuricemia. This review focuses on traditional Chinese herbal medicines that have been reported to ameliorate hyperuricemia in experimental studies.
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Advances in Experimental and Clinical Research of the Gouty Arthritis Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8698232. [PMID: 34721646 PMCID: PMC8550850 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8698232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gouty arthritis (GA) is a multifactorial disease whose pathogenesis is utterly complex, and the current clinical treatment methods cannot wholly prevent GA development. Western medicine is the primary treatment strategy for gouty arthritis, but it owns an unfavorable prognosis. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of GA are essential. In China, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been adopted for GA prevention and treatment for thousands of years. Gout patients are usually treated with TCM according to their different conditions, and long-term results can be achieved by improving their physical condition. And TCM has been proved to be an effective method to treat gout in modern China. Nevertheless, the pharmacological mechanism of TCM for gout is still unclear, which limits its spread. The theory of prevention and treatment of gout with TCM is more well acknowledged in China than in abroad. In this article, Chinese herbs and ancient formula for gout were summarized first. A total of more than 570 studies published from 2004 to June 2021 in PubMed, Medline, CNKI, VIP, Web of Science databases and Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditional Chinese books were searched; the current status of TCM in the treatment of GA was summarized from the following aspects: articular chondrocyte apoptosis inhibition, antioxidative stress response, inflammatory cytokine levels regulation, uric acid excretion promotion, immune function regulation, uric acid reduction, and intestinal flora improvement in subjects with gout. The literature review concluded that TCM has a specific curative effect on the prevention and treatment of GA, particularly when combined with modern medical approaches. However, lacking a uniform definition of GA syndrome differentiation and the support of evidence-based medicine in clinical practice have provoked considerable concern in previous studies, which needs to be addressed in future research.
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Li P, Shen J, Wang Z, Liu S, Liu Q, Li Y, He C, Xiao P. Genus Paeonia: A comprehensive review on traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, clinical application, and toxicology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 269:113708. [PMID: 33346027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeonia, which comprises approximately 52 shrubs or herbaceous perennials around the world, is the only genus of the Paeoniaceae and is pervasively distributed in Asia, southern Europe, and North America. Many species of the genus Paeonia have been used for centuries in ethnomedical medical systems. AIM OF THE REVIEW The present study aims to summarize the traditional uses, clinical applications, and toxicology of the genus Paeonia, to critically evaluate the state-of-the-art phytochemical and pharmacological studies of this genus published between 2011 and 2020, and to suggest directions for further in-depth research on Paeonia medicinal resources. MATERIALS AND METHODS Popular and widely used databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar were searched using the various search strings; from these searches, a number of citations related to the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, clinical application, and toxicology of the genus Paeonia were retrieved. RESULTS The use of 21 species, 2 subspecies, and 7 varieties of the genus Paeonia as traditional herbal remedies has been reported, and many ethnomedicinal uses, such as the treatment of hematemesis, blood stasis, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, epilepsy, spasms, and gastritis, have been recorded. The roots and root bark are the most frequently reported parts of the plants used in medicinal applications. In phytochemical investigations, 451 compounds have been isolated from Paeonia plants to date, which contains monoterpenoid glucosides, flavonoids, tannins, stilbenes, triterpenoids and steroids, and phenols. Studies of their pharmacological activities have revealed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, cardiovascular protective, and neuroprotective properties of the genus Paeonia. In particular, some bioactive extracts and compounds (total glucosides of peony (TGP), paeonol, and paeoniflorin) have been used as therapeutic drugs or tested in clinical trials. In addition to the "incompatibility" of the combined use of "shaoyao" and Veratrum nigrum L. roots in traditional Chinese medicine theory, Paeonia was considered to have no obvious toxicity based on the available toxicological tests. CONCLUSION A large number of phytochemical and pharmacological reports have indicated that Paeonia is an important medicinal herb resource, and some of its traditional uses including the treatment of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases and its use as a neuroprotective agent, have been partially confirmed through modern pharmacological studies. Monoterpenoid glucosides are the main active constituents. Although many compounds have been isolated from Paeonia plants, the biological activities of only a few of these compounds (paeoniflorin, paeonol, and TGP) have been extensively investigated. Some paeoniflorin structural analogues and resveratrol oligomers have been preliminarily studied. With the exception of several species (P. suffruticosa, P. ostii, P. lactiflora, and P. emodi) that are commonly used in folk medicine, many medicinal species within the genus do not receive adequate attention. Conducting phytochemical and pharmacological experiments on these species can provide new clues that may lead to the discovery of medicinal resources. It is necessary to identify the effective phytoconstituents of crude extracts of Paeonia that displayed pharmacological activities by bioactivity-guided isolation. In addition, comprehensive plant quality control, and toxicology and pharmacokinetic studies are needed in the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Jie Shen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - Shuangshuang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Qing Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yue Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Chunnian He
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Chen L, Luo Z, Wang M, Cheng J, Li F, Lu H, He Q, You Y, Zhou X, Kwan HY, Zhao X, Zhou L. The Efficacy and Mechanism of Chinese Herbal Medicines in Lowering Serum Uric Acid Levels: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578318. [PMID: 33568990 PMCID: PMC7868570 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Chinese herbal medicines are widely used to lower serum uric acid levels. However, no systemic review summarizes and evaluates their efficacies and the underlying mechanisms of action. Objectives. To evaluate the clinical and experimental evidences for the effectiveness and the potential mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels. Methods. Four electronic databases PubMed, Wed of Science, the Cochrane Library and Embase were used to search for Chinese herbal medicines for their effects in lowering serum uric acid levels, dated from 1 January 2009 to 19 August 2020. For clinical trials, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included; and for experimental studies, original articles were included. The methodological quality of RCTs was assessed according to the Cochrane criteria. For clinical trials, a meta-analysis of continuous variables was used to obtain pooled effects. For experimental studies, lists were used to summarize and integrate the mechanisms involved. Results. A total of 10 clinical trials and 184 experimental studies were included. Current data showed that Chinese herbal medicines have promising clinical efficacies in patients with elevated serum uric acid levels (SMD: −1.65, 95% CI: −3.09 to −0.22; p = 0.024). There was no significant difference in serum uric acid levels between Chinese herbal medicine treatments and Western medicine treatments (SMD: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.99 to 0.74; p = 0.772). Experimental studies revealed that the mechanistic signaling pathways involved in the serum uric acid lowering effects include uric acid synthesis, uric acid transport, inflammation, renal fibrosis and oxidative stress. Conclusions. The clinical studies indicate that Chinese herbal medicines lower serum uric acid levels. Further studies with sophisticated research design can further demonstrate the efficacy and safety of these Chinese herbal medicines in lowering serum uric acid levels and reveal a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengmao Luo
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingru Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hanqi Lu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuxing He
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanting You
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinghong Zhou
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiu Yee Kwan
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Syndrome Laboratory of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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