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Wang Y, Mou Y, Lu S, Xia Y, Cheng B. Polymethoxylated flavonoids in citrus fruits: absorption, metabolism, and anticancer mechanisms against breast cancer. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16711. [PMID: 38188169 PMCID: PMC10771093 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymethoxylated flavonoids (PMFs) are a subclass of flavonoids found in citrus fruits that have shown multifunctional biological activities and potential anticancer effects against breast cancer. We studied the absorption, metabolism, species source, toxicity, anti-cancer mechanisms, and molecular targets of PMFs to better utilize their anticancer activity against breast cancer. We discuss the absorption and metabolism of PMFs in the body, including the methylation, demethylation, and hydroxylation processes. The anticancer mechanisms of PMFs against breast cancer were also reviewed, including the estrogen activity, cytochrome P-450 enzyme system, and arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR) inhibition, along with various molecular targets and potential anticancer effects. Although PMFs may be advantageous in the prevention and treatment for breast cancer, there is a lack of clinical evidence and data to support their efficacy. Despite their promise, there is still a long way to go before PMFs can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Yuan Mou
- Department of General Surgery, People’s Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Wanzhou District, Chongqing, China
| | - Senlin Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
- Chong Qing Wan Zhou Health Center for Women and Children, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuhua Xia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Key Lab of Xinjiang Uighur Medicine, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
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Liu J, Xiang J, Jin C, Ye L, Wang L, Gao Y, Lv N, Zhang J, You F, Qiao H, Shi L. Medicinal plant-derived mtDNA via nanovesicles induces the cGAS-STING pathway to remold tumor-associated macrophages for tumor regression. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:78. [PMID: 36879291 PMCID: PMC9990354 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNVs) have been proposed as a major mechanism for the inter-kingdom interaction and communication, but the effector components enclosed in the vesicles and the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. The plant Artemisia annua is known as an anti-malaria agent that also exhibits a wide range of biological activities including the immunoregulatory and anti-tumor properties with the mechanisms to be further addressed. Here, we isolated and purified the exosome-like particles from A. annua, which were characterized by nano-scaled and membrane-bound shape and hence termed artemisia-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs). Remarkably, the vesicles demonstrated to inhibit tumor growth and boost anti-tumor immunity in a mouse model of lung cancer, primarily through remolding the tumor microenvironment and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We identified plant-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), upon internalized into TAMs via the vesicles, as a major effector molecule to induce the cGAS-STING pathway driving the shift of pro-tumor macrophages to anti-tumor phenotype. Furthermore, our data showed that administration of ADNVs greatly improved the efficacy of PD-L1 inhibitor, a prototypic immune checkpoint inhibitor, in tumor-bearing mice. Together, the present study, for the first time, to our knowledge, unravels an inter-kingdom interaction wherein the medical plant-derived mtDNA, via the nanovesicles, induces the immunostimulatory signaling in mammalian immune cells for resetting anti-tumor immunity and promoting tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Xiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cuiyuan Jin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lusha Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanan Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Nianyin Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuping You
- Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongzhi Qiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Efficient Delivery System of TCM, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Liyun Shi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, China. .,Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
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The Degree of Hydroxylation of Phenolic Rings Determines the Ability of Flavonoids and Stilbenes to Inhibit Calcium-Mediated Membrane Fusion. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051121. [PMID: 36904120 PMCID: PMC10005302 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper discusses the possibility of using plant polyphenols as viral fusion inhibitors with a lipid-mediated mechanism of action. The studied agents are promising candidates for the role of antiviral compounds due to their high lipophilicity, low toxicity, bioavailability, and relative cheapness. Fluorimetry of calcein release at the calcium-mediated fusion of liposomes, composed of a ternary mixture of dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine, dioleoyl phosphatidylglycerol, and cholesterol, in the presence of 4'-hydroxychalcone, cardamonin, isoliquiritigenin, phloretin, resveratrol, piceatannol, daidzein, biochanin A, genistein, genistin, liquiritigenin, naringenin, catechin, taxifolin, and honokiol, was performed. It was found that piceatannol significantly inhibited the calcium-induced fusion of negatively charged vesicles, while taxifolin and catechin showed medium and low antifusogenic activity, respectively. As a rule, polyphenols containing at least two OH-groups in both phenolic rings were able to inhibit the calcium-mediated fusion of liposomes. In addition, there was a correlation between the ability of the tested compounds to inhibit vesicle fusions and to perturb lipid packing. We suggest that the antifusogenic action of polyphenols was determined by the depth of immersion and the orientation of the molecules in the membrane.
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Xanthomicrol Activity in Cancer HeLa Cells: Comparison with Other Natural Methoxylated Flavones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020558. [PMID: 36677614 PMCID: PMC9864045 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The methoxylated flavone xanthomicrol represents an uncommon active phenolic compound identified in herbs/plants with a long application in traditional medicine. It was isolated from a sample of Achillea erba-rotta subsp. moschata (musk yar-row) flowering tops. Xanthomicrol promising biological properties include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities. This study mainly focused on the evaluation of the xanthomicrol impact on lipid metabolism in cancer HeLa cells, together with the investigation of the treatment-induced changes in cell growth, morphology, and apoptosis. At the dose range of 5-100 μM, xanthomicrol (24 h of incubation) significantly reduced viability and modulated lipid profile in cancer Hela cells. It induced marked changes in the phospholipid/cholesterol ratio, significant decreases in the levels of oleic and palmitic acids, and a marked increase of stearic acid, involving an inhibitory effect on de novo lipogenesis and desaturation in cancer cells. Moreover, marked cell morphological alterations, signs of apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase were observed in cancer treated cells. The bioactivity profile of xanthomicrol was compared to that of the anticancer methoxylated flavones eupatilin and artemetin, and structure-activity relationships were underlined.
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Sulaiman M, Nissapatorn V, Rahmatullah M, Paul AK, Rajagopal M, Rusdi NA, Seelan JSS, Suleiman M, Zakaria ZA, Wiart C. Antimicrobial Secondary Metabolites from the Mangrove Plants of Asia and the Pacific. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:643. [PMID: 36286466 PMCID: PMC9605323 DOI: 10.3390/md20100643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes such as the White Spot Syndrome Virus account for severe losses in the shrimp farming industry globally. This review examines the literature on the mangrove plants of Asia and the Pacific with antibacterial, antifungal, or antiviral activities. All of the available data published on this subject were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, ChemSpider, PubChem, and a library search from 1968 to 2022. Out of about 286 plant species, 119 exhibited antimicrobial effects, and a total of 114 antimicrobial natural products have been identified including 12 with MIC values below 1 µg/mL. Most of these plants are medicinal. The mangrove plants of Asia and the Pacific yield secondary metabolites with the potential to mitigate infectious diseases in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdida Sulaiman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Veeranoot Nissapatorn
- School of Allied Health Sciences and World Union for Herbal Drug Discovery (WUHeDD), Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Mohammed Rahmatullah
- Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Alok K. Paul
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Mogana Rajagopal
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azizun Rusdi
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Seelan Sathya Seelan
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Monica Suleiman
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
| | - Christophe Wiart
- Institute for Tropical Biology & Conservation, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia
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Kabdulkarimova KK, Dinzhumanova R, Olzhayeva R, Karimova AA, Uzbekova SY, Orazalina A, Dosbayeva A, Lauyenova SA. Determination of the Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia absinthium Growing in the Conditions of the Semey Region. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The action of the main biologically active substances contained in medicinal products becomes obvious in combination with the action of macro- and micro-elements that determine the natural mineral composition of the plant.
AIM: The objective of this study was comparative study of the composition of macro- and micro-elements of two representatives of the genus Artemísia L. on the example of Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia absinthium and their antioxidant activity.
METHODS: In this work, the following stages of the study were used: Gathering and preparation of medicinal plant (MP) materials; method of sampling the test material for analysis; determination of humidity; and determination of the quantitative composition by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic emission spectrometry ICP (AES-ICP). Determination of antioxidant activity was carried out by photometry. The accuracy of the analysis results was checked by the method of standard additives. Each sample was accurately analyzed in accordance with the recording of the instrument methodology. The necessary operating modes of the mass spectrometer were set in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. To verify the reliability (accuracy) of the analysis results of micro- and macro-elements of MP, the determination was carried out by two methods: ICP-MS with ICP and AES-ICP.
RESULTS: It has been established that the indicators of the investigated MP do not exceed the permissible values for the content of residual moisture and ash. The presence of macro- and micro-elements in both objects of the study is also shown. Quercetin was identified in A. absinthium and A. vulgaris.
CONCLUSION: The obtained results of qualitative and quantitative indicators of the content of macro- and micro-elements, such as potassium, calcium, sodium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, as well as an analysis of the antioxidant activity of samples of A. absinthium and A. vulgaris, allow us to conclude that the studied plants are promising as a component composition for creating preparations based on them.
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Popović-Djordjević J, Quispe C, Giordo R, Kostić A, Katanić Stanković JS, Tsouh Fokou PV, Carbone K, Martorell M, Kumar M, Pintus G, Sharifi-Rad J, Docea AO, Calina D. Natural products and synthetic analogues against HIV: A perspective to develop new potential anti-HIV drugs. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 233:114217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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In Vitro Antimalarial Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Aerial Parts of Artemisia fragrans Willd. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.117597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malaria is one of the most momentous transmittable diseases globally. Medicinal herbs like Artemisia species might be possible sources of new, effective, and cheap antiplasmodial products, making up the leading molecules to investigate new antimalarial drugs. The Artemisia genus, which belongs to the Asteraceae family, is a widely distributed medicinal plant in Iran. Methods: In this study, the antimalarial activities of essential oil, different extracts, and vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC) fractions of A. fragrans Willd. were examined by a cell-free β-hematin formation assay. The aerial parts of A. fragrans were extracted by a Soxhlet extractor, and essential oil was obtained by a Clevenger apparatus. Then, GC-MS analysis was used to identify volatile compounds of essential oil and the 100% VLC fraction of chloroform. Results: Among the extracts, chloroform extract illustrated considerable antimalarial activity compared to the control (P < 0.001), with the IC50 value of 1.22 ± 0.05 mg/mL. Among the fractions, 100% VLC fraction of chloroform extract illustrated potent antimalarial effects compared to the control (P < 0.001). The volatile oil demonstrated moderate antimalarial effects (P < 0.001) compared with the control. Besides, GC-MS determined that sesquiterpenes in the 100% ethyl acetate fraction of the chloroform extract and oxygenated monoterpenes in the essential oil might be responsible for the potent antimalarial activity of this plant. Conclusions: The 100% ethyl acetate fraction of chloroform extract along with the essential oil of A. fragrance indicated potent and moderate activity, possibly due to sesquiterpenes and oxygenated monoterpenes, respectively.
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Thomas E, Stewart LE, Darley BA, Pham AM, Esteban I, Panda SS. Plant-Based Natural Products and Extracts: Potential Source to Develop New Antiviral Drug Candidates. Molecules 2021; 26:6197. [PMID: 34684782 PMCID: PMC8537559 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are among the most complex medical problems and have been a major threat to the economy and global health. Several epidemics and pandemics have occurred due to viruses, which has led to a significant increase in mortality and morbidity rates. Natural products have always been an inspiration and source for new drug development because of their various uses. Among all-natural sources, plant sources are the most dominant for the discovery of new therapeutic agents due to their chemical and structural diversity. Despite the traditional use and potential source for drug development, natural products have gained little attention from large pharmaceutical industries. Several plant extracts and isolated compounds have been extensively studied and explored for antiviral properties against different strains of viruses. In this review, we have compiled antiviral plant extracts and natural products isolated from plants reported since 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Siva S. Panda
- Department of Chemistry & Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; (E.T.); (L.E.S.); (B.A.D.); (A.M.P.); (I.E.)
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