1
|
Ni ZJ, Liu CB, Xue Y, Huang H, Ma YL, Thakur K, Shang YF, Khan MR, Wei ZJ. Enhanced protection and bioavailability of Lycium barbarum leaf extract through encapsulation in whey protein isolate and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles. Food Chem 2024; 463:141506. [PMID: 39368202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 09/15/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
To improve the stability and bioavailabilityhe of polyphenolics in Lycium barbarum leaf, this study encapsulated L. barbarum leaf extracts (LLE) within whey protein isolate (WPI) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanoparticles (NPs) via self-assembly to enhance polyphenol distribution. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG), respectively. The nanoparticles also showed good physical stability at various temperatures, different pH and NaCl concentrations. Compared with BSA-LLE NPs, WPI-LLE NPs exhibited strong physical stability with encapsulation efficiency of 70.6 %. The polyphenol nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced stability in the presence of stomach acid during in vitro simulated digestion. Additionally, the nanoparticles enhanced polyphenol stability during simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Following intestinal digestion, compared with LLE, the bioaccessibility of total phenolic increased by 53.67 % (WPI-LLE NPs), with specific enhancement in compounds like kaempferol, rutin, and chlorogenic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China.
| | - Chun-Bo Liu
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Ying Xue
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Hao Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yi-Long Ma
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Ya-Fang Shang
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Mohammad Rizwan Khan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan 750021, China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang C, Chen Z, Xiong H, Yang X, Liao W, Chen G, Huang C, Zhu G, Yu H, Ma L. Lycium barbarum berry extract improves female fertility against aging-related oxidative stress in the ovary. Food Funct 2024; 15:9779-9795. [PMID: 39224078 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo02720e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive aging in female mammals is characterized by ovarian senescence, leading to a significant fertility decline. Lycium barbarum berry, or goji berry, is a food and medicine that appears in various formulas for treating infertility in traditional Chinese medicine. We investigated the function of an aqueous extract of Lycium barbarum berry (LB extract) to improve health status, fertility, and offspring development during female aging. Aged female mice were supplemented with LB extract, and its effects on fertility, locomotor activity, and offspring development were assessed. The results demonstrated that LB extract significantly increased pregnancy and live birth rates in naturally aged female mice. It also effectively improved aged animals' locomotor activity. Moreover, LB extract promoted the growth and development of offspring delivered from the aged animals and reduced the offspring's anxiety. During aging, fertility-related hormones gradually decline. However, the decline of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2) in the serum of aged mice was restored by LB extract supplementation. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the levels of oxidation and the inflammatory IL-6 in intra-ovarian cells were reduced by LB extract, while the antioxidant-associated proteins peroxiredoxin 4 (PRDX4) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) were increased. Bioinformatics analysis revealed a decline in egg PRDX4 expression with age across various species. This suggests that the antioxidant function protected by LB extract through PRDX4 may consistently promote fertility enhancement by improving ovarian function across different species. Importantly, LB extract did not induce significant adverse effects on aged female mice and their offspring. These findings highlight the potential of LB as a protective agent against ovarian oxidative stress, which preserves ovarian function and improves fertility rates in naturally senescent females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Jiang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Ziyu Chen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Haoming Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Weilin Liao
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Geer Chen
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Chen Huang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Guoyuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Haijie Yu
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| | - Lijuan Ma
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Elfar K, Bustamante MI, Rooney-Latham S, Eskalen A, Miller T. Arthrocladiella mougeotii Causing Powdery Mildew on Goji Berry Plants ( Lycium barbarum and L. chinense) and Mixed Infections with Phyllactinia chubutiana in California. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:2668-2671. [PMID: 38720537 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-24-0736-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Goji berries (Lycium barbarum and L. chinense) have a rich historical significance in traditional Chinese medicine and have gained popularity as a superfood in Western cultures. From 2021 to 2023, powdery mildew was observed on goji plants of both species in community and residential gardens in Yolo County, California (U.S.A.). Disease severity varied from 20 to 100% of infected leaves per plant. Powdery mildew was characterized by the presence of white fungal colonies on both sides of leaves and fruit sepals. Additionally, a brownish discoloration was observed in infected mature leaves, resulting in further defoliation. Morphologically, the fungus matched the description of Arthrocladiella mougeotii. The pathogen identity was confirmed by phylogenetic analyses of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer and the 28S rDNA gene sequences. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating healthy L. barbarum plants using infected leaves and successfully reproducing powdery mildew symptoms after 28 days (22°C, 60% RH), with A. mougeotii colonies confirmed by morphology. Control leaves remained symptomless. Coinfection with Phyllactinia chubutiana was detected on plants from two separate gardens, with A. mougeotii observed first in late spring (May to June) and P. chubutiana later in the summer (July to August). These results revealed that both A. mougeotii and P. chubutiana constitute causal agents of powdery mildew on goji berry plants, often infecting the same plant tissues simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. mougeotii causing powdery mildew on L. barbarum and L. chinense in California, which provides a better understanding of the etiology of powdery mildew of goji plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Elfar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | | | - Suzanne Rooney-Latham
- California Department of Food and Agriculture Plant Pest Diagnostics Center (PPDC), Sacramento, CA 95832-1448
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Tom Miller
- Los Angeles County, Agricultural Commissioner/Weights and Measures, South Gate, CA 90280
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yao R, Wang B, Heinrich M, Wang Q, Xiao P. Genetic diversity of food-medicinal Lycium spp. in China: Insights from chloroplast genome. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:401-411. [PMID: 39072208 PMCID: PMC11283223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Goji (fruits of Lycium spp.) is commonly consumed as food and medicine. The increasing market demand for goji has led to its wide cultivation and broad breeding, which might cause loss of genetic diversity. This study aims to uncover the genetic diversity of the cultivated and wild Lycium. Methods The chloroplast genome (CPG) of 34 accessions of Chinese food-medicinal Lycium spp., including the popular cultivars and their wild relatives, was re-sequenced and assembled, based on which the genetic diversity was evaluated. Results Sequence structural comparison shows that CPG is comparatively conserved within species. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that CPG is sufficient for the discrimination of Lycium species; combined with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (Nr ITS) sequences, materials with mixed genetic backgrounds can be identified. Nucleotide diversity analysis reveals that the modern cultivars are probably with a common maternal parent, while the wild accessions are with higher level of genetic diversity. Conclusion For the first time this study reveals the intraspecies genetic diversity of Lycium spp. using CPG, highlighting the urgent conservation demand of wild genetic resources of Lycium. Our study also demonstrates that CPG provides crucial evidence for identification of Lycium species with mixed genetic backgrounds and highlights the importance of the wild relatives in genetic diversity conservation. This CPG-based technology will contribute to the sustainable development of medicinal plants broadly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources Conservation and Development of Southern Medicine, Hainan Branch of the Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Haikou 570311, China
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group ‘Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy’, UCL School of Pharmacy, University of London, London WC1N1AX, United Kingdom
| | - Qiuling Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu B, Wang J, Li C. Application of PLS-NN model based on mid-infrared spectroscopy in the origin identification of Cornus officinalis. RSC Adv 2024; 14:15209-15219. [PMID: 38737973 PMCID: PMC11082643 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00953c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy has been increasingly used as a nondestructive analytical technique in Chinese herbal medicine identification in recent years. In this study, a new chemometric model named as PLS-NN model was proposed based on the mid-infrared spectral data of Cornus officinalis samples from 11 origins. It was realized by combining the partial least squares and neural networks for the identification of the origin of Chinese herbal medicines. First, we extracted features from the spectral data in 3448 bands using the partial least squares method, and extracted 122 components that contained more than 95% of the information. Then, we trained the PLS-NN model by neural network using the extracted components as inputs and the corresponding origin classes as outputs. Finally, based on an external test set, we evaluated the generalization ability of the PLS-NN model using metrics such as accuracy, F1-Score and Kappa coefficient. The results show that the PLS-NN model performs well in all three metrics when compared to models such as Decision trees, Support vector machine, Partial least squares Discriminant analysis, and Naive bayes. The model not only realizes the dimensionality reduction of full-spectrum data and improves the training efficiency of the model, but also has higher accuracy compared with the full-spectrum data model. The PLS-NN model was applied to identify the origin of Cornus officinalis with an accuracy of 91.9%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Liu
- Public Foundational Courses Department, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Junqi Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Chaoning Li
- Research and Development Department, Jiangsu Changxingyang Intelligent Home Company Limited Suzhou 215009 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang L, Li Y, Yan Q, Ning Y, Wang Y, Liu K, Qiang Y, Ma X, Sun X. Establishment of high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and determination of 4 kinds of phenolic acid bioactive substances of fruitless Lycium barbarum leaves from Ningxia at different harvesting periods. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24614. [PMID: 38317895 PMCID: PMC10838736 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
"Fruitless Lycium barbarum leaf (FLBL) are the leaves of a new variety of Lycium barbarum in Ningxia, which exhibit higher content of various nutrients, trace elements, and bioactive substances compared to Lycium barbarum fruits and leaves. However, the health and medicinal value as well as the by-products derived from FLBL have not received sufficient attention, and the contents of main components vary at different harvesting periods. Therefore, for the first time this study aimed to establish high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprints and determine the contents of four phenolic acid bioactive substances during different harvesting periods in order to provide an experimental basis for cultivation, collection, and research on FLBL. The results revealed 17 common peaks among 10 batches samples with a similarity ranging from 0.71 to 0.976. The linear relationships R2 for catechin, epicatechin-catechin, chlorogenic acid, and rutin were determined as 0.9999 each; meanwhile, the average recovery rate ranged from 93.92 % to 120.11 %, with an RSD between 0.91 % and 2.82 %. The precision, repeatability stability (24 h), and recovery rate met the requirements outlined in "Chinese Pharmacopoeia". Catechin, epicatechin, and rutin exhibited higher levels from June to August, while chlorogenic acid showed increased levels from July to September. The findings serve as a foundation for quality control measures such as identifying optimal harvest periods or facilitating development and production processes related to Ningxia FLBL."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lianxiang Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Deparment of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yanting Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, Deparment of human anatomy and histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yu Ning
- Department of drug manufacturing room, Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 114 West Beijing Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of drug manufacturing room, Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 114 West Beijing Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| | - Kunmei Liu
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Incubation Base of the National Key Laboratory, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xueqing Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, 1160 Shengli Street, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China
| | - Xiangping Sun
- Department of Surgery, Ningxia Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, 114 West Beijing Road, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu D, Yuan M, Wang Y, Zhang L, Yao W, Feng M. Integrated metabolome and transcriptome analysis of differences in quality of ripe Lycium barbarum L. fruits harvested at different periods. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:82. [PMID: 38302892 PMCID: PMC10835843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wolfberry is well-known for its high nutritional value and medicinal benefits. Due to the continuous ripening nature of Goji berries and the fact that they can be commercially harvested within a few weeks, their phytochemical composition may change during the harvesting process at different periods. RESULT The involved molecular mechanisms of difference in fruit quality of ripe Lycium barbarum L. harvested at four different periods were investigated by transcriptomic and metabolomics analyses for the first time. According to the results we obtained, it was found that the appearance quality of L. barbarum fruits picked at the beginning of the harvesting season was superior, while the accumulation of sugar substances in L. barbarum fruits picked at the end of the harvesting season was better. At the same time the vitamin C and carotenoids content of wolfberry fruits picked during the summer harvesting season were richer. Ascorbic acid, succinic acid, glutamic acid, and phenolic acids have significant changes in transcription and metabolism levels. Through the network metabolic map, we found that ascorbic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and related enzyme genes were differentially accumulated and expressed in wolfberry fruits at different harvesting periods. Nevertheless, these metabolites played important roles in the ascorbate-glutathione recycling system. Ascorbic acid, phenolic substances and the ascorbate-glutathione recycling system have antioxidant effects, which makes the L. barbarum fruits harvested in the summer more in line with market demand and health care concepts. CONCLUSION This study laid the foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of quality differences of ripe wolfberry fruits harvested at different periods, and provides a theoretical basis for enhancing the quality of L. barbarum fruits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deshuai Liu
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding of Dominant and Characteristic Crops, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Miao Yuan
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Ye Wang
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding of Dominant and Characteristic Crops, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China
| | - Wenkong Yao
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding of Dominant and Characteristic Crops, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| | - Mei Feng
- College of Enology and Horticulture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Modern Facility Horticulture Engineering Technology Research Center, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding of Dominant and Characteristic Crops, Yinchuan, 750021, Ningxia, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wei J, Chahel AA, Ni Y, Wei X, Zhao Y, Wang Y, Zeng S. Lycium RIN negatively modulate the biosynthesis of kukoamine A in hairy roots through decreasing thermospermine synthase expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 252:126246. [PMID: 37567520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Root bark (Lycii cortex) of Lycium contains high contents of characteristic bioactive compounds, including kukoamine A (KuA) and kukoamine B (KuB). RIPENING INHIBITOR (RIN) is well known as a master regulator of Solanaceaous fruit ripening. However, the role of RIN in the biosynthetic pathway of KuA in Lycium remains unclear. In this study, integrated transcriptomic, metabolomic analyses and hairy root system are used to characterize the role of RIN in KuA biosynthesis in Lycium. The ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that KuA was significantly induced in LrRIN1 RNAi lines and not detected in overexpression lines. A total of 20,913 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 60 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were detected in LrRIN1 transgenic hairy roots, which were used for weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Our result reveals a high association between KuA and structural genes in the phenolamide pathway, which shows a negative correlation with LrRIN1. In addition, overexpression of the polyamine pathway gene thermospermine synthase LcTSPMS, a potential target gene of Lycium RIN, increased the contents of both KuA and KuB in L. chinense hairy root, indicating that TSPMS is responsible for KuA biosynthesis and is also the common upstream biosynthetic gene for both KuA and KuB. Our results lay a solid foundation for uncovering the biosynthetic pathway of KuA, which will facilitate the molecular breeding and genetic improvement of Lycium species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Popular Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Aysha Arif Chahel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Popular Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Yuan Ni
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Xiaoyi Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Popular Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Jinghe County Goji Industrial Development Center, Jinghe County, the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 833300, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Popular Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| | - Shaohua Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Botanical Garden and Popular Science, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South China National Botanical Garden, Guangzhou 510650, PR China; College of Life Sciences, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi 341000, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee HS, Bae EY, Ly SY. Protective effect of Lycium barbarum leaf extracts on atopic dermatitis: in vitro and in vivo studies. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:855-869. [PMID: 37780223 PMCID: PMC10522814 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.5.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease with an increasing incidence globally; therefore, there is a growing demand for natural compounds effective in treating dermatitis. In this study, the protective effects of Lycium barbarum leaves with and without chlorophyll (LLE and LLE[Ch-]) on AD were investigated in animal models of AD and HaCaT cells. Further, we investigated whether LLE and LLE(Ch-) show any differences in physiological activity. MATERIALS/METHODS AD was induced by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) for three weeks, while NC/Nga mice were fed LLE or LLE(Ch-) extracts for 7 weeks. Serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and cytokine (tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, interleukin [IL]-6, and IL-4) concentrations and the degree of DNA fragmentation in lymphocytes were examined. A histopathological examination (haematoxylin & eosin staining and blue spots of toluidine) of the dorsal skin of mice was performed. To elucidate the mechanism of action, the expression of the thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) were measured in HaCaT cells. RESULTS Serum IgE and cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) levels as well as DNA fragmentation of lymphocytes were significantly decreased in AD-induced mice treated with LLE or LLE(Ch-) compared to those of the control group. The epidermal thickness of the dorsal skin and mast cell infiltration in the LLE group significantly reduced compared to that in the control group. The LLE extracts showed no cytotoxicity up to 1,000 µg/mL in HaCaT cells. LLE or LLE(Ch-)-treated group showed a reduction of TARC and MDC in TNF-α-and IFN-γ-stimulated HaCaT cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that LLE potentially improves inflammation by reducing the expression of chemokines that inhibit T helper 2 cell migration. LLE(Ch-) showed similar effects to LLE on blood levels of IgE, TNF-α and IL-6 and protein expression in HaCat cells, but the ultimate effect of skin improvement was not statistically significant. Therefore, both LLE and LLE(Ch-) can be used as functional materials to alleviate AD, but LLE(Ch-) appears to require more research to improve inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Sol Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Eun Young Bae
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sun Yung Ly
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee HJ, Lee S, Ryu HY, Shim SM. Safety evaluation of kaempferol glycosides-rich standardized roasted goji berry leaf extract. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 140:105382. [PMID: 36944407 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Goji berry leaf (GL) has been used for medicinal foods for its pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative and anti-obesity activities. Nevertheless, toxicological information on GL is limited for developing health functional ingredient. The aim of the research was to evaluate the single dose acute, 14-day repeated oral toxicity, and genotoxicity of standardized roasted GL extract (rGL) rich in kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside. Tested rGL was found to be stable as kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside, showing 0.7-2.1% of analytical standard variance. According to the single dose toxicity for 14 days, the lethal dose of rGL was determined to be ≥ 2000 mg/kg. Repeated doses of 0-1000 mg/kg of rGL per day for 14 days did not show any toxicity signs or gross pathological abnormalities. No genotoxic signs for the rGL treatment appeared via bacterial reverse mutation up to 5000 μg/plate. There was no significant increase in chromosomal aberration of rGL irrespective of metabolic activation by using CHO-K1 cells (p > 0.05). Regarding carcinogenic toxicity, chromosomal aberrations were not induced at 2000 mg of rGL/kg by using the in vivo bone marrow micronucleus test (p > 0.05). Results from the current study suggest that rGL could be used as a functional ingredient to provide various effects with safety assurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Somin Lee
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, 145 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 219998, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Yeol Ryu
- Department of Bio Technology, Korea Conformity Laboratories, 145 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 219998, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Mi Shim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, 209 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hu Y, Li K, Bai Y, Li H, Chen J. Effect of combined ultrasonic and enzymatic assisted treatment on the fermentation process of whole Lycium barbarum (goji berry) fruit. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
|
12
|
Sicari V, Romeo R, Mincione A, Santacaterina S, Tundis R, Loizzo MR. Ciabatta Bread Incorporating Goji ( Lycium barbarum L.): A New Potential Functional Product with Impact on Human Health. Foods 2023; 12:566. [PMID: 36766094 PMCID: PMC9913991 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This work investigated the phytochemical content and bioactivity of Lycium barbarum collected in Calabria and evaluated, for the first time, the possibility of enriching traditional ciabatta bread with goji fresh flesh puree. For this purpose, goji flesh puree, bread, and bread enriched with 20% and 40% goji flesh puree (G20 and G40 samples, respectively) were subjected to several analyses. Selected compounds were quantified by UHPLC analysis in both goji fresh flesh puree and after simulation of the cooking process. The impact of the addition on key enzymes (lipase, α-amylase, and α-glucosidase) related to metabolic syndrome was assessed together with the antioxidant properties. Texture, colourimetric, and sensory analyses on enriched bread were performed to evaluate consumer acceptance. Despite cooking, the enriched bread maintained good levels of bioactive compounds compared to the berry pulp alone (p < 0.01). The enriched bread showed the ability to protect against lipid peroxidation, with IC50 values of 6.88 and 6.52 μg/mL for samples G20 and G40, respectively, after incubation for 30 min (p < 0.01). Although less active than the control, the enriched bread showed inhibitory activities against the enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. From a sensory point of view, the addition of goji fresh pulp puree slightly modified the appearance but not the flavour and taste of the bread. Collectively, our results support the potential healthy function of this baked product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sicari
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosa Romeo
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonio Mincione
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Simone Santacaterina
- Department of Agraria, Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria, 89122 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Comparison of the physical and functional properties of food packaging films containing starch and polyphenols from different varieties of wolfberry. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
|
14
|
Vidović BB, Milinčić DD, Marčetić MD, Djuriš JD, Ilić TD, Kostić AŽ, Pešić MB. Health Benefits and Applications of Goji Berries in Functional Food Products Development: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:248. [PMID: 35204130 PMCID: PMC8868247 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Goji berries have long been used for their nutritional value and medicinal purposes in Asian countries. In the last two decades, goji berries have become popular around the world and are consumed as a functional food due to wide-range bioactive compounds with health-promoting properties. In addition, they are gaining increased research attention as a source of functional ingredients with potential industrial applications. This review focuses on the antioxidant properties of goji berries, scientific evidence on their health effects based on human interventional studies, safety concerns, goji berry processing technologies, and applications of goji berry-based ingredients in developing functional food products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojana B. Vidović
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijel D. Milinčić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana D. Marčetić
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Jelena D. Djuriš
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Tijana D. Ilić
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Aleksandar Ž. Kostić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| | - Mirjana B. Pešić
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.D.M.); (A.Ž.K.); (M.B.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lei Z, Chen X, Cao F, Guo Q, Wang J. Phytochemicals and bioactivities of Goji (
Lycium barbarum
L. and
Lycium chinense
Mill.) leaves and their potential applications in the food industry: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Lei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Xianqiang Chen
- Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Fuliang Cao
- Co‐innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Qirong Guo
- Co‐innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering College of Light Industry and Food Engineering Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
- Co‐innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yao R, Heinrich M, Wei J, Xiao P. Cross-Cultural Ethnobotanical Assembly as a New Tool for Understanding Medicinal and Culinary Values-The Genus Lycium as A Case Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:708518. [PMID: 34335270 PMCID: PMC8322658 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.708518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethnobotanical knowledge is indispensable for the conservation of global biological integrity, and could provide irreplaceable clues for bioprospecting aiming at new food crops and medicines. This biocultural diversity requires a comprehensive documentation of such intellectual knowledge at local levels. However, without systematically capturing the data, those regional records are fragmented and can hardly be used. In this study, we develop a framework to assemble the cross-cultural ethnobotanical knowledge at a genus level, including capturing the species’ diversity and their cultural importance, integrating their traditional uses, and revealing the intercultural relationship of ethnobotanical data quantitatively. Using such a cross-cultural ethnobotanical assembly, the medicinal and culinary values of the genus Lycium are evaluated. Simultaneously, the analysis highlights the problems and options for a systematic cross-cultural ethnobotanical knowledge assembly. The framework used here could generate baseline data relevant for conservation and sustainable use of plant diversity as well as for bioprospecting within targeting taxa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Yao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Michael Heinrich
- Research Group "Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy", UCL School of Pharmacy, Univ. London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jianhe Wei
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|