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Jia X, Li Q, Xu M, Zhang J, Xu D. Advances in militarine: Pharmacology, synthesis, molecular regulation and regulatory mechanisms. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24341. [PMID: 38293334 PMCID: PMC10826723 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Militarine is the lead member of secondary metabolites found in multiple medicinal plants of the orchid family. It acts as not only an important inhibitor on plant growth, but also functions as the quality marker for medicinal materials. In addition, Militarine has been shown to possess remarkably medicinal value, with a definite potential for finding widespread adoption of treating various diseases, including lung injury, brain nerve injury, cognitive impairment, aging, tumors, inflammation, peptic ulcers, and more. Thus, it can serve as a material carrier for pharmacophore upon, so much so that it probes as natural source of lead compounds in the research and development of medication. The study reported herein makes an overview on the physicochemical properties and pharmacological mechanisms of Militarine compounds, summarizes the biogenic pathways of Militarine and organically integrates the biological characteristics of Militarine with multiple omics techniques. Besides, this review also constructs a regulatory system for the biological accumulation of Militarine around its precursor compounds, characteristic gene elements, key enzymes, important metabolic products, and critical steps and links. Exceptionally, emphasis on the biosynthesis of Militarine under both abiotic and biotic stress, as well as an elaboration of the signaling pathways and critical regulatory mechanisms that govern the metabolic flow of Militarine have been represented accordingly in this paper. These findings are expected to provide reference schemes and theoretical foundations for acquiring high-quality resources of Militarine and advancing its large-scale industrial production, drug development, and clinical applications to comprehensively elucidate the biosynthetic and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Jia
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Mengwei Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Delin Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
- Department of Medical Instrumental Analysis, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563099, China
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Chavoshinezhad S, Beirami E, Izadpanah E, Feligioni M, Hassanzadeh K. Molecular mechanism and potential therapeutic targets of necroptosis and ferroptosis in Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115656. [PMID: 37844354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition, is defined by neurofibrillary tangles, amyloid plaques, and gradual cognitive decline. Regardless of the advances in understanding AD's pathogenesis and progression, its causes are still contested, and there are currently no efficient therapies for the illness. The post-mortem analyses revealed widespread neuronal loss in multiple brain regions in AD, evidenced by a decrease in neuronal density and correlated with the disease's progression and cognitive deterioration. AD's neurodegeneration is complicated, and different types of neuronal cell death, alone or in combination, play crucial roles in this process. Recently, the involvement of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in the neurodegenerative mechanisms of AD has received a lot of attention. Aberrant activation of necroptosis and ferroptosis, two newly discovered forms of regulated non-apoptotic cell death, is thought to contribute to neuronal cell death in AD. In this review, we first address the main features of necroptosis and ferroptosis, cellular signaling cascades, and the mechanisms involved in AD pathology. Then, we discuss the latest therapies targeting necroptosis and ferroptosis in AD animal/cell models and human research to provide vital information for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Chavoshinezhad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Elmira Beirami
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Signaling, EBRI Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Casa di Cura del Policlinico, 20144 Milan, Italy.
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Robert Wood Johnson Medical School Institute for Neurological Therapeutics, and Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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Li W, Rang Y, Liu H, Liu C. Update on new trends and progress of natural active ingredients in the intervention of Alzheimer's disease, based on understanding of traditional Chinese and Western relevant theories: A review. Phytother Res 2023; 37:3744-3764. [PMID: 37380605 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurological disorders causing death in the elderly worldwide. As a neurodegenerative disease that is difficult to prevent and cure, the pathogenesis of AD is complex and there is no effective cure. A variety of natural products derived from plants have been reported to have promising anti-AD activities, including flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic acids and alkaloids, which can effectively relieve the symptoms of AD in a variety of ways. This paper mainly reviews the pharmacological activity and mechanisms of natural products against AD. Although the clinical efficacy of these plants still needs to be determined by further high-quality studies, it may also provide a basis for future researchers to study anti-AD in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Li
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Rang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Liu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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Bazzicalupo M, Calevo J, Smeriglio A, Cornara L. Traditional, Therapeutic Uses and Phytochemistry of Terrestrial European Orchids and Implications for Conservation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12020257. [PMID: 36678970 PMCID: PMC9863304 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Orchidaceae family accounts for about 28,000 species, and most of them are mentioned in the folk medicine of nations around the world. The use of terrestrial orchids in European and Mediterranean regions has been reported since ancient times, but little information is available on their medicinal properties, as well as on their phytochemicals and biological activities. However, plant collection for human use is still listed as one of the main threats for terrestrial orchids, alongside other menacing factors such as wrong habitat management and disturbance to symbionts, such as pollinators and mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore, the primary aim of this review was to resume and discuss available information regarding the past and current popular uses of European orchids. We then grouped phytochemical data to evaluate the presence of bioactive compounds of pharmacological relevance, and we discussed whether these could support the therapeutic employment of the different organs. Finally, we briefly debated the sustainability of orchid utilizations, considering the different threatening factors and conservation actions including plant propagation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bazzicalupo
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
- CREA—Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Jacopo Calevo
- Department of Ecosystem Stewardship, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, KEW, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Cornara
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Zhang R, Song Y, Su X. Necroptosis and Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 94:S367-S386. [PMID: 36463451 PMCID: PMC10473100 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered to be the most common neurodegenerative disease, with clinical symptoms encompassing progressive memory loss and cognitive impairment. Necroptosis is a form of programmed necrosis that promotes cell death and neuroinflammation, which further mediates the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. Current evidence has strongly suggested that necroptosis is activated in AD brains, resulting in neuronal death and cognitive impairment. We searched the PubMed database, screening all articles published before September 28, 2022 related to necroptosis in the context of AD pathology. The keywords in the search included: "necroptosis", "Alzheimer's disease", "signaling pathways", "Aβ", Aβo", "Tau", "p-Tau", "neuronal death", "BBB damage", "neuroinflammation", "microglia", "mitochondrial dysfunction", "granulovacuolar degeneration", "synaptic loss", "axonal degeneration", "Nec-1", "Nec-1s", "GSK872", "NSA", "OGA", "RIPK1", "RIPK3", and "MLKL". Results show that necroptosis has been involved in multiple pathological processes of AD, including amyloid-β aggregation, Tau accumulation, neuronal death, and blood-brain barrier damage, etc. More importantly, existing research on AD necroptosis interventions, including drug intervention and potential gene targets, as well as its current clinical development status, was discussed. Finally, the issues pertaining to necroptosis in AD were presented. Accordingly, this review may provide further insight into clinical perspectives and challenges for the future treatment of AD by targeting the necroptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxin Zhang
- Linfen People’s Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Xuefeng Su
- Linfen People’s Hospital, Linfen, Shanxi, China
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Yang JY, Wang J, Hu Y, Shen DY, Xiao GL, Qin XY, Lan R. Paeoniflorin improves cognitive dysfunction, restores glutamate receptors, attenuates gliosis and maintains synaptic plasticity in cadmium-intoxicated mice. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Salidroside alleviates cadmium-induced toxicity in mice by restoring the notch/HES-1 and RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling axis. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:615-626. [PMID: 35583558 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01580-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Salidroside (SAL) is a marker glycoside of Rhodiola rosea with significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. In this study, we determined its neuroprotective effects against Cd-induced toxicity in cultured cells and mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS GL261 cell and Cd-intoxicated mouse model were used. ICP-MS and MWM were performed to measure Cd content and Cd-induced cognitive impairment in mice, respectively. RESULTS SAL attenuated Cd toxicity in GL261 cells as well as protected mice from substantial organic damage and cognitive deficits. SAL treatment alleviated Cd-induced oxidative stress, glial cell activation, and elevation of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Cd-induced cognitive deficits observed in the Morris water maze in mice were rescued by SAL. At the mechanistic level, SAL maintained the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GSH-Px in the serum and brain, and scavenged the peroxidation product MDA, thereby restoring redox homeostasis in vivo, attenuating neuronal damage, and ultimately antagonized Cd-induced toxicity. Furthermore, Cd activated the RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling pathway and Notch/HES-1 signaling axis in the brain, leading to inflammation and neuronal loss, which could be attenuated by SAL. CONCLUSION SAL is a natural product with good anti-Cd effects, indicating that Rhodiola rosea is promising plant that is worthy of cultivation for health and economic benefits.
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Lang XY, Hu Y, Bai JP, Wang J, Qin XY, Lan R. Coeloglossum viride Var. Bracteatum Extract Attenuates MPTP-Induced Neurotoxicity in vivo by Restoring BDNF-TrkB and FGF2-Akt Signaling Axis and Inhibiting RIP1-Driven Inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:903235. [PMID: 35571135 PMCID: PMC9096617 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.903235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tuber of Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum is a Tibetan medicine that has been used for generations as a tonic for Yang and Qi, tranquilizing, to enhance intelligence and to promote longevity. We have previously characterized the constituents of Coeloglossum viride var. bracteatum extract (CE) and investigated its anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) effect in mice models. However, the exact role of CE in Parkinson's disease (PD), especially the neurotrophic and inflammatory pathways regulated by CE, remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-PD effects of CE in an MPTP-induced acute mouse model and its underlying mechanisms, focusing on BDNF, FGF2 and their mediated signaling pathways and RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling axis. Pole test and traction test were performed for behavioral analysis. RT-PCR, IHC and Western blotting were performed to assay the mRNA, tissues, and protein, respectively. We found that CE improved dyskinesia in MPTP-intoxicated mice, which was confirmed by the pole test and traction test. Also, oxidative stress and astrocyte activation and inflammation were alleviated. MPTP-intoxication disrupted the levels of BDNF, FGF2 and their mediated signaling pathways, triggered elevation of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and activated RIP1-driven inflammatory axis. However, CE restored the levels of BDNF, FGF2 and TrkB/Akt signaling pathways while inhibiting the RIP1-driven inflammatory signaling axis, thereby inhibiting apoptosis, preventing loss of nigrostriatal neurons, and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Thus, CE is a promising agent for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yuan Lang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Peng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center on Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rongfeng Lan
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China
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Ren TT, Yang JY, Wang J, Fan SR, Lan R, Qin XY. Gisenoside Rg1 attenuates cadmium-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1151-1164. [PMID: 34661679 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Gisenoside Rg1 is a potent neuroprotectant in ginseng. The aim of this study was to investigate the elimination effect of Rg1 on cadmium (Cd)-induced neurotoxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cumulative Cd exposure mouse model was established. Also, the toxicity of Cd and the protective effect of Rg1 were examined in vitro using cultured neurons and microglia. RESULTS We found that Cd-intoxicated mice exhibited significant injury in the liver, kidney, small intestine, and testis, along with cognitive impairment. Antioxidant enzymes such as SOD, GSH-Px and CAT were reduced in the blood and brain, and correspondingly, the lipid peroxidation product MDA was elevated. In the brain, astrocytes and microglia were activated, characterized by an increase in inflammatory factors such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as their protein markers GFAP and IBA1. However, Rg1 eliminated Cd-induced toxicity and restored oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, correspondingly restoring the behavioral performance of the animals. Meanwhile, the BDNF-TrkB/Akt and Notch/HES-1 signaling axes were involved in the Rg1-mediated elimination of Cd-induced toxicity. CONCLUSION Rg1 is a promising agent for the elimination of Cd-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng-Teng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jia-Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sheng-Rui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Rongfeng Lan
- Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Center On Translational Neuroscience, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China.
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