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Khawaja G, El-Orfali Y, Shoujaa A, Abou Najem S. Galangin: A Promising Flavonoid for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis-Mechanisms, Evidence, and Therapeutic Potential. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:963. [PMID: 39065811 PMCID: PMC11279697 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive joint inflammation and damage. Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the onset and progression of RA, significantly contributing to the disease's symptoms. The complex nature of RA and the role of oxidative stress make it particularly challenging to treat effectively. This article presents a comprehensive review of RA's development, progression, and the emergence of novel treatments, introducing Galangin (GAL), a natural flavonoid compound sourced from various plants, as a promising candidate. The bioactive properties of GAL, including its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, are discussed in detail. The review elucidates GAL's mechanisms of action, focusing on its interactions with key targets such as inflammatory cytokines (e.g., TNF-α, IL-6), enzymes (e.g., SOD, MMPs), and signaling pathways (e.g., NF-κB, MAPK), which impact inflammatory responses, immune cell activation, and joint damage. The review also addresses the lack of comprehensive understanding of potential treatment options for RA, particularly in relation to the role of GAL as a therapeutic candidate. It highlights the need for further research and clinical studies to ascertain the effectiveness of GAL in RA treatment and to elucidate its mechanisms of action. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the potential of GAL as a therapeutic option for RA, shedding light on its multifaceted pharmacological properties and mechanisms of action, while suggesting avenues for future research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Youmna El-Orfali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 11-0236, Lebanon
| | - Aya Shoujaa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - Sonia Abou Najem
- Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women’s College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 25026, United Arab Emirates;
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Kciuk M, Garg A, Rohilla M, Chaudhary R, Dhankhar S, Dhiman S, Bansal S, Saini M, Singh TG, Chauhan S, Mujwar S, Gielecińska A, Kontek R. Therapeutic Potential of Plant-Derived Compounds and Plant Extracts in Rheumatoid Arthritis-Comprehensive Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:775. [PMID: 39061843 PMCID: PMC11274232 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a persistent autoimmune disorder that is characterized by joint inflammation, discomfort, and impairment. Despite the existence of several therapeutic approaches, their effectiveness is often restricted and may be linked to unfavorable side effects. Consequently, there has been growing interest in investigating naturally derived compounds as plausible therapeutic agents for RA disease. The objective of this review is to summarize the existing preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of naturally extracted compounds and plant extracts in the treatment of RA, focusing on their anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and immunomodulatory properties. Some of the problems with using natural chemicals are the uneven quality of commercially available preparations and the poor bioavailability of these compounds. Future investigations should focus on improving the formulations, conducting thorough clinical trials, and exploring different techniques to fully utilize the intrinsic potential of naturally derived chemicals in treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Kciuk
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anjali Garg
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
- Swami Devi Dyal College of Pharmacy, Golpura Barwala, Panchkula 134118, Haryana, India
| | - Manni Rohilla
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Ram Nagar, Banur 140601, Punjab, India
| | - Rishabh Chaudhary
- M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133206, Haryana, India
| | - Sanchit Dhankhar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Sachin Dhiman
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Seema Bansal
- M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133206, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Swami Vivekanand College of Pharmacy, Ram Nagar, Banur 140601, Punjab, India
- M. M. College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala 133206, Haryana, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Samrat Chauhan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Somdutt Mujwar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Adrianna Gielecińska
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, University of Lodz, Banacha Street 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Kontek
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Banacha St. 12/16, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
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Wang Y, Xiong Z, Qiao Y, Zhang Q, Zhou G, Zhou C, Ma X, Jiang X, Yu W. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid modulates macrophage polarization and Schwann cell migration to accelerate spinal cord injury repair in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14642. [PMID: 38430464 PMCID: PMC10908365 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibiting secondary inflammatory damage caused by glial cells and creating a stable microenvironment is one of the main strategies to investigate drugs for the treatment of spinal cord injury. Acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA) is the active component of the natural drug boswellia, which has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and offers a possible therapeutic option for spinal cord injury. METHODS In this study, a spinal cord injury model was established by crushing spinal cord, respectively, to detect the M1 macrophage inflammatory markers: iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and the M2 macrophage markers CD206, ARG-1, IL-10, and the detection of antioxidant enzymes and MDA. In vitro, macrophages were cultured to verify the main mechanism of the macrophage switch from Nrf2/HO-1 to M2 type by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and other techniques. Macrophage and Schwann cell co-culture validated the migration mechanism of Schwann cells promoted by AKBA. RESULTS AKBA significantly enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of CAT, GSH-Px, T-AOC, and SOD, reduced MDA content, and reduced oxidative damage caused by spinal cord injury via the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway; AKBA mediates Nrf2/HO-1/IL-10, converts macrophages from M1 to M2 type, reduces inflammation, and promotes Schwann cell migration, thereby accelerating the repair of spinal cord injury in rats. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that AKBA can attenuate oxidative stress as well as the secondary inflammatory injury caused by macrophages after SCI, promote Schwann cell migration to the injury site, and thus accelerate the repair of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Zongliang Xiong
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yuncong Qiao
- School of Life SciencesNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Guanghu Zhou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Chong Zhou
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xianglin Ma
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education, Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and TreatmentNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary MedicineNortheast Agricultural UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
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Wang Y, Xiong Z, Zhang Q, Liu M, Zhang J, Qi X, Jiang X, Yu W. Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid Accelerates the Repair of Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Resisting Neuronal Pyroptosis with Nrf2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:358. [PMID: 38203528 PMCID: PMC10779011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study is to delve into the potential of Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) in ameliorating neuronal damage induced by acute spinal cord injury, as well as to unravel the intricate underlying mechanisms. A cohort of 40 Sprague-Dawley rats was meticulously categorized into four groups. Following a seven-day oral administration of AKBA, damaged spinal cord samples were meticulously procured for Nissl staining and electron microscopy to assess neuronal demise. Employing ELISA, immunofluorescence, Western blot (WB), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the modulatory effects of AKBA within the context of spinal cord injury were comprehensively evaluated. Furthermore, employing an ex vivo extraction of spinal cord neurons, an ATP + LPS-induced pyroptotic injury model was established. The model was subsequently subjected to Nrf2 inhibition, followed by a battery of assessments involving ELISA, DCFH-DA staining, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and WB to decipher the effects of AKBA on the spinal cord neuron pyroptosis model. By engaging the Nrf2-ROS-NLRP3 pathway, AKBA exerted a repressive influence on the expression of the pyroptotic initiator protein Caspase-1, thereby mitigating the release of GSDMD and alleviating pyroptosis. Additionally, AKBA demonstrated the ability to attenuate the release of IL-18 and IL-1β, curbing neuronal loss and expediting the restorative processes within the context of spinal cord injury. Our study elucidates that AKBA can reduce spinal cord neuronal apoptosis, providing a basis for the development of AKBA as a clinical treatment for spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Zongliang Xiong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xinyue Qi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.W.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.); (M.L.); (J.Z.); (X.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Zhou C, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Zhou G, Ma X, Jiang X, Yu W. Acetyl-11-Keto-Beta-Boswellic Acid Activates the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Schwann Cells to Reduce Oxidative Stress and Promote Sciatic Nerve Injury Repair. PLANTA MEDICA 2023; 89:1468-1482. [PMID: 37541437 DOI: 10.1055/a-2148-7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Boswellia is a traditional medicine for bruises and injuries. Its main active ingredient, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid, has antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects. In this experiment, we used Sprague-Dawley rats to make a sciatic nerve injury model to detect the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway and apoptosis, combined with clinical indicators, for testing whether acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid can reduce oxidative stress and promote sciatic nerve repair. Our results showed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid administration promoted myelin regeneration and functional recovery in the rat sciatic nerve, reduced lipid peroxidation levels, upregulated the expression of various antioxidant enzymes and enhanced enzyme activity, decreased the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, and promoted nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 protein. In vitro studies revealed that acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid reduced H2O2-induced reactive oxygen species production, restored mitochondrial membrane potential, upregulated the expression of various antioxidant enzymes, and downregulated apoptosis-related indicators in Schwann cells, and these therapeutic effects of acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid were reversed after ML385 treatment in Schwann cells. In summary, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid alleviates oxidative stress and apoptosis caused by sciatic nerve injury in rats by activating the transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway, promotes the recovery of sciatic nerve function in rats, and is a promising therapeutic agent to promote sciatic nerve repair by alleviating excessive oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qiyuan Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guanghu Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xianglin Ma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowen Jiang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wenhui Yu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Education Department for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
- Institute of Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Meyiah A, Shawkat MY, Ur Rehman N, Al-Harrasi A, Elkord E. Effect of Boswellic acids on T cell proliferation and activation. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110668. [PMID: 37487264 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Boswellic acids have been recognized as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents with potentials to control autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. However, their effects on T cell proliferation and activation are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated effects of individual compounds including β-Boswellic acids (β-BA), 11-keto-β-Boswellic acid (β-KBA), 3-O-acetyl β-Boswellic acids (β-ABA), and 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic acid (β-AKBA) on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and their potential role in modulating immune responses. We showed that β-BA, KBA, and AKBA at a 0.025 µM concentration significantly reduced T cell proliferation without inducing cytotoxicity, however, ABA showed cytotoxic effects at this concentration. β-BA and KBA showed significantly reduced T cell proliferation at 0.05 µM concentration without cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, we found that AKBA at 0.025 µM concentration significantly reduced CD25 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells without cytotoxic effects. Additionally, β-BA reduced CD25 expression on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells at 0.05 µM concentration with no cytotoxicity. In this study, we determined the optimum concentration of each of these compounds that have the potential to reduce T cell activation without cytotoxic effects. Our findings show that both β-BA and AKBA have the ability to inhibit T cell proliferation and activation without inducing cytotoxicity. Further investigations are required to fully understand the mechanisms underlying these effects and the potential therapeutic benefits of these compounds in different autoimmune and inflammatory settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdo Meyiah
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Murtada Y Shawkat
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman.
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, UK.
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Priya S, Singhvi G. Insights into the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential of 3-Acetyl-11-keto-β-Boswellic Acid as a therapeutic approach in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:867-871. [PMID: 37817458 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2269838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Priya
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, India
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