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Wang Z, Li R, Chen X, Ren H, Wang C, Min R, Zhang X. Network pharmacology, molecular docking and experimental validation to elucidate the anti-T2DM mechanism of Lanxangia tsaoko. Fitoterapia 2024; 178:106117. [PMID: 38996878 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Lanxangia tsaoko (L. tsaoko) is a natural medicine which could be used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, there is no systematic and comprehensive research on the its active compounds and mechanism. This study aimed to investigate the active ingredients and potential mechanism of L. tsaoko for the treatment of T2DM. The chemical constituents of L. tsaoko were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS. The active compounds and mechanism of L. tsaoko were predicted by network pharmacology. Then the docking modes of key components and core targets were analyzed by molecular docking. Finally, animal experiments were conducted to verify the efficacy and targets of L. tsaoko in T2DM treatment. 70 compounds from L. tsaoko were identified. We obtained 37 active components, including quercetin, genistein and kaempferol, 5 core targets were AKT1, INS, TP53, TNF and IL-6. Mainly involved in PI3K/Akt, MAPK, RAGE/AGE, HIF-1, FoxO signaling pathways. Molecular docking results showed that the L. tsaoko had good binding potential to TNF. Therefore, we took the inflammatory mechanism as the prediction target for experimental verification. Animal experiments showed that L. tsaoko could alleviated colon injury of T2DM mice, improve glucose metabolism and decrease inflammatory levels. L. tsaoko exerted therapeutic effects on T2DM through multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway regulation. Its action mechanisms were related to PI3K/Akt, MAPK, RAGE/AGE, HIF-1 and FoxO signaling pathways. This study provided new insights for the clinical treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Huilin Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Caixia Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ruixue Min
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, 100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Zakaria EM, El-Gamal SF, Mahmoud SM, El-Nahas HM, El-Bassossy HM. Sustained linagliptin administration: superior glycemic control and less pancreatic injury in diabetic rats. Pharm Dev Technol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 39311002 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2024.2407852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
While linagliptin is the most potent dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor, its use is limited due to poor bioavailability and the potential risk of pancreatic injury. Here, we investigated whether the sustained weekly administration of linagliptin could provide better effect compared to frequent daily oral administration. Type 2 diabetes was induced by feeding rats a high fructose/fat/salt diet followed by STZ injection. Compared to the partial glycemic control achieved with daily oral linagliptin, a weekly subcutaneous injection containing about one-fourth of the oral dose produced superior glycemic control, as evidenced by the 4-week postprandial glucose follow-up and oral glucose tolerance test. This was confirmed by the significant increase in serum insulin in the case of the sustained linagliptin administration. Higher levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin and lower triglyceride levels were observed after sustained linagliptin administration compared with daily oral linagliptin. In addition, sustained linagliptin displayed a significant increase in β-cells' insulin immunoreactivity when compared with daily linagliptin. More reduction in collagen deposition and caspase-3 immunoreactivity in pancreatic tissue were observed in sustained linagliptin compared with oral linagliptin. In conclusion, sustained linagliptin administration provided superior glycemic control, which seems to be mediated by more reduction in pancreatic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M Zakaria
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Shrouk Fayrouz El-Gamal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Samar Mortada Mahmoud
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hanan M El-Nahas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Wang N, Yang J, Liu X, Liu G, He Z, Gu S. Changes of m 6A Regulatory Proteins and Nrf2 Signaling Molecules in Liver Tissue of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Rats. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024; 82:2217-2226. [PMID: 38822202 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01331-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Both dysregulation of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) regulatory proteins and Nrf2 signaling molecules are involved in the process of injury to multiple tissues. However, changes of m6A regulatory proteins and Nrf2 signaling molecules in liver tissue of T2DM remain unclear. In present study, changes of m6A regulatory proteins (Mettl3, Mettl16, Fto, Alkbh5 and Ythdc2) and Nrf2 signaling molecules (Nrf2, Sod1, Ho-1, Gclc) were detected in the liver tissues of T2DM rats, which constructed by high fat-diet feeding and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. Our results indicated that the morphology of liver tissues from T2DM rats showed obvious abnormalities, as well as levels of liver function indicators and expressions of Nrf2 signaling molecules Nrf2, Sod1, Ho-1 were significantly increased in T2DM rats when compared with those in corresponding control rats. More importantly, m6A regulatory proteins such as Mettl3, Mettl16, Fto, Alkbh5 and Ythdc2 were dramatically higher than those in control rat. In a word, m6A regulatory proteins and Nrf2 signaling molecules may significantly change in liver tissue of T2DM rats. And This provides clues and ideas for the study of liver injury in T2DM from the perspective of RNA epigenetics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, No. 22, Wanhua Road, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Engineering, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671003, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, No. 22, Wanhua Road, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Guofen Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, No. 22, Wanhua Road, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Zuoshun He
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, No. 22, Wanhua Road, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
| | - Shiyan Gu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Dali University, No. 22, Wanhua Road, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China.
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Wang M, Chen X, Yan X, Cai C, Ren L, Zhang S, Liu F. Jie-Du-Tong-Luo formula protects C2C12 myotubes against high glucose and palmitic acid injury by activating the PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway in vitro. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35423. [PMID: 39170432 PMCID: PMC11336565 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction In prior reports, Jie-Du-Tong-Luo (JDTL) was reported to help control insulin secretion and blood glucose in patients with diabetes, while also protecting liver and pancreatic islet cells against injury caused by exposure to high glucose (HG) levels. This study was thus developed to assess the effects of JDTL on HG and palmitic acid (PA)-induced muscle injury and to explore the mechanistic basis for these effects. Methods A model of muscle injury was established using mouse C2C12 myotubes treated with HG + PA. A proteomics approach was used to assess changes in protein levels following JDTL treatment, after which Western immunoblotting was employed to validate significantly affected pathways. Results JDTL was able to protect against HG + PA-induced muscle cell injury in this experimental system, altering lipid metabolism and inflammatory activity in these injured C2C12 myotubes. Western blotting suggested that JDTL is capable of activating PI3K/Akt/PPARγ signaling to control lipid metabolism without any corresponding impact on the inflammatory NF-κB pathway. Conclusions These data highlight the ability of JDTL to protect against HG + PA-induced injury to muscle cells, and suggest that the underlying basis for such efficacy is related to the PI3K/Akt/PPARγ pathway-mediated modulation of lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manying Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Xiuci Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Changjiu Cai
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Limei Ren
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Fangbing Liu
- Northeast Asian Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Wang W, Chen S, Xu S, Liao G, Li W, Yang X, Li T, Zhang H, Huang H, Zhou Y, Pan H, Lin C. Jianpi Shengqing Huazhuo Formula improves abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism in obesity by regulating mitochondrial biogenesis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117102. [PMID: 37660955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jianpi Shengqing Huazhuo Formula (JSH) is a modified prescription based on traditional Chinese medicine theory and classic prescriptions (Buzhong Yiqi Decoction and Yuye Decoction). It has been found that JSH has a good effect on obese patients with early abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to study its clinical efficacy and pharmacological effect. AIM OF THE STUDY To observe the clinical efficacy of JSH and explore the mechanism of the formula to improve glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION 10 overweight/obese patients with abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism were selected to observe the indicators of serum glucose, serum lipids and liver damage of the patients before and after treatment with JSH. 2. Animal experiments: Fifty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, Metformin group (120 mg/kg/day), JSH-L group (5 g/kg/day) and JSH-H group (20 g/kg/day), with 10 rats in each group. The obese SD rat model was produced by feeding 60% high-fat diet for 8 weeks, and the drug group was given prophylactic administration for 8 weeks. At the end of the experiment, body weight, abdominal fat, plasma glucose, plasma lipids, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured. The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in plasma were detected by Elisa, and the changes of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in plasma and liver tissue were detected by kits. The pathological changes and lipid deposition in liver were observed by HE staining and oil red O staining, and the changes in the number of mitochondria in liver cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. RT-qPCR and Western Blot (WB) were used to detect the mitochondrial regulation-related indicators PGC-1α, NRF1, TFAM, MFN2, DRP1 and apoptosis-related indicators Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 8 in liver tissue. RESULTS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION After one month administration, the patient's body weight, BMI, 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (2hOGTT), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased significantly, and the indicators of liver damage AST and ALT also decreased significantly. 2. Animal experiments: JSH can significantly reduce body weight and abdominal fat area, improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and also reduce plasma IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α content in obese rats, and improve oxidative stress; HE staining and oil red O staining also showed that JSH can alleviate liver damage and lipid deposition in the liver. Further observations of liver cell ultrastructure showed that JSH can ameliorate the reduction of liver mitochondria caused by a high-fat diet and promote the expression of indicators of mitochondrial biogenesis related to PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Moreover, JSH could promote the expression of MFN2 and DRP1, decrease Bcl-2 and increase Bax in the liver. CONCLUSIONS 1. CLINICAL OBSERVATION JSH can reduce body weight, serum glucose, serum lipid, and liver injury in overweight/obese patients. 2. Animal experiments: JSH regulates PGC-1α/NRF1/TFAM signaling pathway promotes liver mitochondrial biogenesis, improves glucose and lipid metabolism in obese rats, and regulates mitochondrial dependent apoptosis indicators Bcl-2/Bax to reduce liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Shuting Xu
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Guangyi Liao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Weihao Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Huifen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongguan Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Dongguan, 523000, China.
| | - Huafeng Pan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
| | - Chuanquan Lin
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China; Pi-wei Institute, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Xu T, He P, namWangdu S, Xu C, Hou B, Ma P, Wang Z, Zhang L, Du G, Ring T, Ji T, Qiang G. Revealing the improvement of diabetes by Si Wei Jiang Huang Tang San through ERK/HIF1α signaling pathway via network pharmacology. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 319:117254. [PMID: 37778519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Si Wei Jiang Huang Tang San (SWJHTS) is a traditional Tibetan medicine prescription for the treatment of urethritis, frequent urination, and urgency, composed of four traditional Chinese medicines: Curcumae longae rhizoma, Berberidis cortex, Tribuli fructus, and Phyllanthi fructus. However, whether SWJHTS exhibits hypoglycemic efficacy and its specific mechanism remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-diabetic effects of SWJHTS and elucidate the underlying mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS HPLC-MS method was used to identify the key components of four kinds of traditional Chinese medicine (Curcumae longae rhizoma, Berberidis cortex., Tribuli fructus, and Phyllanthi fructus) which composed SWJHTS and determine their structure. Normal mice and 145 mg/kg STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice were treated with three doses of SWJTHS by oral gavage. Body weight, 24h food and water intake, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance and other indicators were measured to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of SWJHTS. OMIM, Genecards and other databases were used to collect targets of diabetes, and HPLC-MS results and TCMSP database information were used to collect drug component targets. Bioinformatics methods such as pathway enrichment analysis and molecular docking were used to predict the key targets of SWJHTS. The gene and protein expressions of HIF1α and ERK signaling pathways in HepG2 cells treated with SWJHTS were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. RESULTS A total of 181 components were identified, including curcumin, palmatine, and berberine, etc. The in vivo studies showed that SWJHTS could significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels and improve the symptoms of polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria in diabetic mice. Furthermore, we identified HIF1α as the potential key target of SWJHTS against diabetes utilizing network pharmacology approach and in silico molecular docking. Subsequently, we experimentally confirmed that SWJHTS could suppress the high glucose-induced upregulation of HIF1α expression, which mediated the glucose consumption in HepG2 cells. The ERK signaling pathway was further found to be activated by the SWJHTS as the upstream of HIF1α. CONCLUSIONS SWJHTS can improve glucose metabolism by targeting the ERK/HIF1α signaling pathway; hence might be a prospective anti-diabetic drug for diabetic patients as traditional Tibetan medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianshu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China; College of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - So namWangdu
- Hospital of Tibetan Traditional Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region, 850000, China
| | - Chunyang Xu
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zijing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China; Inner Mongolia Clinical College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, 010110, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Tse Ring
- Hospital of Tibetan Traditional Medicine, Tibet Autonomous Region, 850000, China.
| | - Tengfei Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Li C, Zhang K, Liu L, Shen J, Wang Y, Tan Y, Feng X, Liu W, Zhang H, Sun J. Study of the Mechanism of Astragali Radix in Treating Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Renal Protection Based on Enzyme Activity, Network Pharmacology, and Experimental Verification. Molecules 2023; 28:8030. [PMID: 38138520 PMCID: PMC10745890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Astragali Radix (AR) is a common Chinese medicine and food. This article aims to reveal the active role of AR in treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its renal protective mechanism. The hypoglycemic active fraction was screened by α-glucosidase and identified by UPLC-QE-Orbitrap-MS spectrometry. The targets and KEGG pathway were determined through the application of network pharmacology methodology. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation technology were used for virtual verification. Subsequently, a mouse model of T2DM was established, and the blood glucose and renal function indexes of the mice after administration were analyzed to further prove the pharmacodynamic effect and mechanism of AR in the treatment of T2DM. HA was determined as the best hypoglycemic active fraction by the α-glucosidase method, with a total of 23 compounds identified. The main active components, such as calycoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside, methylnisoline, and formononetin, were revealed by network pharmacology. In addition, the core targets and the pathway have also been determined. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques have verified that components and targets can be well combined. In vivo studies have shown that AR can reduce blood sugar levels in model mice, enhance the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of kidney tissue, and alleviate kidney damage in mice. And it also has regulatory effects on proteins such as RAGE, PI3K, and AKT. AR has a good therapeutic effect on T2DM and can repair disease-induced renal injury by regulating the RAGE/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. This study provides ideas for the development of new drugs or dietary interventions for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
- Jilin Correction Pharmacy New Drug Development Co., Ltd., Changchun 130012, China
| | - Kaiyue Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Lu Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Jiaming Shen
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Yuelong Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Yiying Tan
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Xueqin Feng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Wanjie Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
| | - Jiaming Sun
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (C.L.); (K.Z.); (L.L.); (J.S.); (Y.W.); (Y.T.); (X.F.); (W.L.)
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8
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Guzmán-Flores JM, Pérez-Vázquez V, Martínez-Esquivias F, Isiordia-Espinoza MA, Viveros-Paredes JM. Molecular Docking Integrated with Network Pharmacology Explores the Therapeutic Mechanism of Cannabis sativa against Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7228-7241. [PMID: 37754241 PMCID: PMC10529732 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rising, and finding new treatments is important. C. sativa is a plant suggested as a potential treatment for T2D, but how it works needs to be clarified. This study explored the pharmacological mechanism of C. sativa in treating T2D. We identified the active compounds in C. sativa and their targets. From there, we examined the genes associated with T2D and found overlapping genes. We conducted an enrichment analysis and created a protein-protein and target-compound interactions network. We confirmed the binding activities of the hub proteins and compounds with molecular docking. We identified thirteen active compounds from C. sativa, which have 150 therapeutic targets in T2D. The enrichment analysis showed that these proteins are involved in the hormone, lipid, and stress responses. They bind transcription factors and metals and participate in the insulin, PI3K/Akt, HIF-1, and FoxO signaling pathways. We found four hub proteins (EGFR, ESR1, HSP90AA1, and SRC) that bind to the thirteen bioactive compounds. This was verified using molecular docking. Our findings suggest that C. sativa's antidiabetic action is carried out through the insulin signaling pathway, with the participation of HIF-1 and FoxO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos C.P. 47620, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Victoriano Pérez-Vázquez
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, León C.P. 37220, Guanajuato, Mexico;
| | - Fernando Martínez-Esquivias
- Instituto de Investigación en Biociencias, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos C.P. 47620, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Mario Alberto Isiordia-Espinoza
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas, Departamento de Clínicas, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlan de Morelos C.P. 47620, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Juan Manuel Viveros-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Investigación y Desarrollo Farmacéutico, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara C.P. 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
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