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Yang LJ, Han T, Liu RN, Shi SM, Luan SY, Meng SN. Plant-derived natural compounds: A new frontier in inducing immunogenic cell death for cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 177:117099. [PMID: 38981240 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunogenic cell death (ICD) can activate adaptive immune response in the host with normal immune system. Some synthetic chemotherapeutic drugs and natural compounds have shown promising results in cancer treatment by triggering the release of damage-associated molecules (DAMPs) to trigger ICD. However, most chemotherapeutic drugs exhibit non-selective cytotoxicity and may also induce and promote metastasis, thereby significantly reducing their clinical efficacy. Among the natural compounds that can induce ICD, plant-derived compounds account for the largest proportion, which are of increasing value in the treatment of cancer. Understanding which plant-derived natural compounds can induce ICD and how they induce ICD is crucial for developing strategies to improve chemotherapy outcomes. In this review, we focus on the recent findings regarding plant-derived natural compounds that induce ICD according to the classification of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids and discuss the potential mechanisms including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, DNA damage, apoptosis, necroptosis autophagy, ferroptosis. In addition, plant-derived natural compounds that can enhance the ICD induction ability of conventional therapies for cancer treatment is also elaborated. The rational use of plant-derived natural compounds to induce ICD is helpful for the development of new cancer treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Juan Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Ruo-Nan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Shu-Ming Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Shi-Yun Luan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Sheng-Nan Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Han Y, Tian X, Zhai J, Zhang Z. Clinical application of immunogenic cell death inducers in cancer immunotherapy: turning cold tumors hot. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1363121. [PMID: 38774648 PMCID: PMC11106383 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1363121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising cancer treatment option in recent years. In immune "hot" tumors, characterized by abundant immune cell infiltration, immunotherapy can improve patients' prognosis by activating the function of immune cells. By contrast, immune "cold" tumors are often less sensitive to immunotherapy owing to low immunogenicity of tumor cells, an immune inhibitory tumor microenvironment, and a series of immune-escape mechanisms. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a promising cellular process to facilitate the transformation of immune "cold" tumors to immune "hot" tumors by eliciting innate and adaptive immune responses through the release of (or exposure to) damage-related molecular patterns. Accumulating evidence suggests that various traditional therapies can induce ICD, including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and photodynamic therapy. In this review, we summarize the biological mechanisms and hallmarks of ICD and introduce some newly discovered and technologically innovative inducers that activate the immune system at the molecular level. Furthermore, we also discuss the clinical applications of combing ICD inducers with cancer immunotherapy. This review will provide valuable insights into the future development of ICD-related combination therapeutics and potential management for "cold" tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zhenyong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Wei L, Meng J, Xiang D, Yang Q, Zhou Y, Xu L, Wang M, Chen J, Han Y. Network pharmacology and experimental validation to study the potential mechanism of Tongguanteng injection in regulating apoptosis in osteosarcoma. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:67. [PMID: 38297292 PMCID: PMC10829404 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04354-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main objectives of this study were to identify the active components of Tongguanteng injection (TGT) and investigate the preclinical efficacy and mechanism of TGT on osteosarcoma using a combination of network pharmacology and experimental validation. METHODS To identify the active constituents and targets of TGT against osteosarcoma using network pharmacology, we constructed a network consisting of an 'active ingredient-disease-target-pathway' and a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The target organ network was utilized to investigate the distribution of core targets in tissues. Afterwards, the core targets underwent Gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The binding energy between receptors and ligands was compared using molecular docking. In addition, SwissADME was employed to forecast the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the substances. Finally, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell proliferation assay, morphological analysis, apoptosis assay, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) detection, and Western blotting were utilized to confirm the potential mechanisms of TGT treatment in osteosarcoma cell lines 143B and SAOS2. RESULTS A total of 54 chemical constituents of TGT and 71 targets associated with osteosarcoma were acquired. Through the molecular docking technology, Tenacigenin B, Marsdekoiside, Taraxasterol, Tenacissoside G, Tenacissoside L, and Tenacissoside J were identified as the primary active components of TGT among the various compounds. Analysis of target organs suggests that TGT may play an anti-osteosarcoma role through immune regulation. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that TGT could trigger osteosarcoma cell apoptosis by inhibiting the HIF-1 signalling pathway and modulating PD-1 expression and the PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer. SwissADME database predicted that Tenacigenin B and Taraxasterol had the best drug-likeness. In vitro studies also demonstrated that TGT suppressed the activity and induced alterations in the morphology of osteosarcoma cells. It decreased MMP levels, triggered apoptosis by increasing Bax expression and Caspase-3 activity, and decreased Bcl-2 expression, thereby exerting an anti-osteosarcoma effect. In the meantime, RT-PCR tests demonstrated that TGT could control immune response against tumors and hinder the proliferation and spread of cancerous cells by impacting the levels of critical factors, including JUN, HSP90AA1, HDAC1, and CDK1. CONCLUSION The study accurately anticipated the active components, targets, and pathways of TGT in the management of osteosarcoma. The molecular mechanism of TGT-induced apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells was demonstrated by in vitro experiments. These results provide theoretical and technical support for TGT as a clinical adjuvant drug for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyi Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jingjing Meng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Danfeng Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yangyun Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Lingyan Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Mengyue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Junjun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Yonglong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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Wang R, Deng Z, Zhu Z, Wang J, Yang X, Xu M, Wang X, Tang Q, Zhou Q, Wan X, Wu W, Wang S. Kaempferol promotes non-small cell lung cancer cell autophagy via restricting Met pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155090. [PMID: 37738907 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kaempferol is extracted from Hedyotis diffusa, exerting an obvious anti-cancer effect. Here in the present study, we explored the anti-cancer effects and mechanism of kaempferol in non-small cell lung cancer cell (NSCLC). PURPOSE Our objective is to figure out the molecular mechanism by which kaempferol promotes autophagy in NSCLC cells. STUDY DESIGN A549 and H1299 NSCLC cell lines were used for in vitro experiments. And BALB/c nude mice of NSCLC were used to perform in vivo experiments. METHODS For in vitro experiments, CCK-8 and EdU assay was used to observe the effect of kaempferol on NSCLC cell proliferation. Confocal microscopy of mCherry-EGFR-LC3 assay and electron microscopy assay were used to detect NSCLC cell autophagy. Protein expression was determined using Western blot, and mRNA expression was determined using qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell apoptosis. For in vivo experiments, a subcutaneously implanted tumor model in BALB/C nude mice was performed using human NSCLC cell line A549-Luc. The kaempferol effect on NSCLC mice model was detected by measuring the tumor weight and bioluminescence intensity. Immunohistochemistry was done to measure the key protein expression from mice tumor tissues. RESULTS Our results confirmed that kaempferol inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation significantly. And it promoted NSCLC cell autophagy, leading to NSCLC cell death. Interestingly, Met-was greatly inhibited at both protein and mRNA levels. Meanwhile, PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was inhibited accordingly. Furthermore, overexpressing Met-reversed the effect of kaempferol on NSCLC cell viability and cell autophagy with significance. Finally, the above effect and pathway were validated using the xenograft model. CONCLUSION Kaempferol may exert its anti-NSCLC effect by promoting NSCLC cell autophagy. Mechanistically, Met-and its downstream PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were involved in the process, which provides a novel mechanism how kaempferol functions in inhibiting NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zhiyin Deng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xiaobing Yang
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Mengfei Xu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xi Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Qichun Zhou
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Xinliang Wan
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Wanyin Wu
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
| | - Sumei Wang
- Clinical and Basic Research Team of TCM Prevention and Treatment of NSCLC, Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China.
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Zhang JX, Yuan WC, Li CG, Zhang HY, Han SY, Li XH. A review on the mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of natural products by targeting the endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis pathway. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1293130. [PMID: 38044941 PMCID: PMC10691277 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1293130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a substantial risk to human life and wellbeing as a result of its elevated incidence and fatality rates. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an important pathway that regulates cellular homeostasis. When ERS is under- or overexpressed, it activates the protein kinase R (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-, inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)- and activating transcription Factor 6 (ATF6)-related apoptotic pathways to induce apoptosis. Tumor cells and microenvironment are susceptible to ERS, making the modulation of ERS a potential therapeutic approach for treating tumors. The use of natural products to treat tumors has substantially progressed, with various extracts demonstrating antitumor effects. Nevertheless, there are few reports on the effectiveness of natural products in inducing apoptosis by specifically targeting and regulating the ERS pathway. Further investigation and elaboration of its mechanism of action are still needed. This paper examines the antitumor mechanism of action by which natural products exert antitumor effects from the perspective of ERS regulation to provide a theoretical basis and new research directions for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Xiang Zhang
- The First Clinical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Wei-Chen Yuan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Prevention and Treatment of Tumor, The First Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- The College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Cheng-Gang Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hai-Yan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shu-Yan Han
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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