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Zhang H, Zhang X, Li F, Zhao X. Constructing spherical-beads-on-string structure of electrospun membrane to achieve high vapor flux in membrane distillation. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 256:121605. [PMID: 38626613 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Hydrophobic membranes with a reentrant-like structure have shown high hydrophobicity and high anti-wetting properties in membrane distillation (MD). Here, PVDF spherical-beads-on-string (SBS) fibers were electrospun on nonwoven fabric and used in the MD process. Such a reentrant-like structure was featured with fine fibers, a low ratio of bead length to bead diameter, and high bead frequency. It was revealed that the SBS-structured membranes exhibited an exceptional capability for vapor flux, due to the formation of a network of more interconnected macropores than that of fibers and fusiform-beads-on-string structures, ensuring unimpeded vapor diffusion. In the desalination of formulated seawater (3.5 wt.% NaCl solution), a vapor flux of 61 ± 3 kg m-2 h-1 with a salt rejection of >99.98 % was achieved at a feed temperature of 60 °C. Furthermore, this SBS structured membrane showed satisfactory seawater desalination performance with a stable flux of 40 kg m-2 h-1 over a 27 h MD process. These findings suggest a viable approach for fabricating SBS-structured membranes that significantly enhance vapor flux in MD for desalination applications. Besides, the hydrophobic membranes with SBS structure can be prepared by single-step electrospinning, and it is facile to scale-up manufacture. This strategy holds promise for advancing the development of high-performance MD membranes tailored for efficient seawater desalination processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Fuzhi Li
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Lab of Environmental Science & Technology, INET, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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2
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Zhang H, Zhao X. Enhanced Anti-Wetting Methods of Hydrophobic Membrane for Membrane Distillation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300598. [PMID: 37219004 PMCID: PMC10427381 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing issues of hydrophobic membrane wetting occur in the membrane distillation (MD) process, stimulating the research on enhanced anti-wetting methods for membrane materials. In recent years, surface structural construction (i.e., constructing reentrant-like structures), surface chemical modification (i.e., coating organofluorides), and their combination have significantly improved the anti-wetting properties of the hydrophobic membranes. Besides, these methods change the MD performance (i.e., increased/decreased vapor flux and increased salt rejection). This review first introduces the characterization parameters of wettability and the fundamental principles of membrane surface wetting. Then it summarizes the enhanced anti-wetting methods, the related principles, and most importantly, the anti-wetting properties of the resultant membranes. Next, the MD performance of hydrophobic membranes prepared by different enhanced anti-wetting methods is discussed in desalinating different feeds. Finally, facile and reproducible strategies are aspired for the robust MD membrane in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- Lab of Environmental Science & TechnologyINETTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Lab of Environmental Science & TechnologyINETTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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Baroud TN. Tuning PVDF Membrane Porosity and Wettability Resistance via Varying Substrate Morphology for the Desalination of Highly Saline Water. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:395. [PMID: 37103822 PMCID: PMC10141797 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report the fabrication of a series of highly efficient polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes via substrate morphology variations. A wide range of sandpaper grit sizes (150-1200) were utilized as casting substrates. The effect of the penetration of abrasive particles present on the sandpapers on the casted polymer solution was tuned, and the impact of these particles on porosity, surface wettability, liquid entry pressure and morphology were investigated. The membrane distillation performance of the developed membrane on sandpapers was evaluated for the desalination of highly saline water (70,000 ppm). Interestingly, the utilization of cheap and widely available sandpapers as a substrate for casting can not only help in tuning the MD performance, but also in producing highly efficient membranes with stable salt rejection (up to 100%) and a 210% increase in the permeate flux over 24 h. The findings in this study will help in delineating the role of substrate nature in controlling the produced membrane characteristics and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki N. Baroud
- Materials Science & Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes & Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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Sun H, Lei T, Guo X, Liu J, Lv J. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Sustained-Release Membranes Based on Analytic Hierarchy. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:313. [PMID: 36984701 PMCID: PMC10056938 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the optimal analytic hierarchy process was used to establish a comprehensive evaluation model for the physicochemical properties of composite sustained-release membrane materials based on water absorption (XS), water permeability (TS), tensile strength (KL), elongation at break (DSL), fertilizer permeability (TF), and viscosity (ND), and the optimal ratio parameters of membrane material were determined. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with correlation analysis was used to construct the judgment matrix of physicochemical properties, which passed the consistency test, and to determine the weight and ranking of each index: TF (0.6144) > XS (0.1773) > KL (0.1561) > ND (0.1311) > TS (0.0775) > DSL (0.0520). The comprehensive scores of sustained-release membrane materials under different treatments were calculated based on normalized data samples and weights. It was determined that the percentage of each component in the best comprehensive performance of the slow-release membrane material was as follows: polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, zeolite, and epoxy resin were 7.3%, 0.7%, 0.5%, and 2%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Sun
- College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Tao Lei
- College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xianghong Guo
- College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jiangjian Lv
- College of Water Resource Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
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Abid MB, Wahab RA, Salam MA, Gzara L, Moujdin IA. Desalination technologies, membrane distillation, and electrospinning, an overview. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12810. [PMID: 36793956 PMCID: PMC9922933 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Water is a critical component for humans to survive, especially in arid lands or areas where fresh water is scarce. Hence, desalination is an excellent way to effectuate the increasing water demand. Membrane distillation (MD) technology entails a membrane-based non-isothermal prominent process used in various applications, for instance, water treatment and desalination. It is operable at low temperature and pressure, from which the heat demand for the process can be sustainably sourced from renewable solar energy and waste heat. In MD, the water vapors are gone through the membrane's pores and condense at permeate side, rejecting dissolved salts and non-volatile substances. However, the efficacy of water and biofouling are the main challenges for MD due to the lack of appropriate and versatile membrane. Numerous researchers have explored different membrane composites to overcome the above-said issue, and attempt to develop efficient, elegant, and biofouling-resistant novel membranes for MD. This review article addresses the 21st-century water crises, desalination technologies, principles of MD, the different properties of membrane composites alongside compositions and modules of membranes. The desired membrane characteristics, MD configurations, role of electrospinning in MD, characteristics and modifications of membranes used for MD are also highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monis Bin Abid
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of General Studies, University of Prince Mugrin Al Munawara, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roswanira Abdul Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and Green Synthesis Group, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Abdel Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lassaad Gzara
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iqbal Ahmed Moujdin
- Center of Excellence in Desalination Technology, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80200, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Cao DQ, Liu XD, Han JL, Zhang WY, Hao XD, Iritani E, Katagiri N. Recovery of Extracellular Polymeric Substances from Excess Sludge Using High-Flux Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:74. [PMID: 36676881 PMCID: PMC9862183 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) from excess sludge in wastewater treatment plants has received increasing attention in recent years. Although membrane separation has great potential for use in EPS concentration and recovery, conventional membranes tend to exhibit low water flux and high energy consumption. Herein, electrospun nanofiber membranes (ENMs) were fabricated using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and used for the recovery of EPSs extracted from the excess sludge using the cation exchange resin (CER) method. The fabricated ENM containing 14 wt.% PVDF showed excellent properties, with a high average water flux (376.8 L/(m2·h)) and an excellent EPS recovery rate (94.1%) in the dead-end filtration of a 1.0 g/L EPS solution at 20 kPa. The ENMs displayed excellent mechanical strength, antifouling properties, and high reusability after five recycles. The filtration pressure had a negligible effect on the average EPS recovery rate and water flux. The novel dead-end filtration with an EPS filter cake on the ENM surface was effective in removing heavy-metal ions, with the removal rates of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Cr6+ being 89.5%, 73.5%, and 74.6%, respectively. These results indicate the potential of nanofiber membranes for use in effective concentration and recycling of EPSs via membrane separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qi Cao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Liu
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jia-Lin Han
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wen-Yu Zhang
- Institute of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Xiao-Di Hao
- Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies/Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Eiji Iritani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Katagiri
- Department of Environmental Technology, Meijo University, 1-501 Shiogamaguchi, Tempaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan
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Xiao M, Shang Y, Ji L, Yan M, Chen F, He Q, Yan S. Enhancing the Ammonia Selectivity by Using Nanofiber PVDF Composite Membranes Fabricated with Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1164. [PMID: 36422156 PMCID: PMC9694202 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12111164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Conventional hydrophobic membrane-based membrane distillation (MD) has been applied for ammonia recovery from an anaerobic digestion (AD) effluent. However, the typical hydrophobic membranes do not have selectivity for ammonia and water vapor, which results in high energy consumption from the water evaporation. To enhance the selectivity during the ammonia recovery process, the functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofiber membranes were fabricated by electrospinning, and the effects of different CNTs and their contents on the performance of nanofiber membranes were investigated. The results indicate that CNTs can be successfully incorporated into nanofibers by electrospinning. The contact angles of the composite membrane are all higher than those of commercial membrane, and the highest value 138° can be obtained. Most importantly, under the condition of no pH adjustment, the ammonia nitrogen transfer coefficient reaches the maximum value of 3.41 × 10-6 m/s, which is about twice higher than that of commercial membranes. The ammonia separation factor of the carboxylated CNT (C-CNT) composite membrane is higher than that of the hydroxylated CNT(H-CNT) composite membrane. Compared with the application of the novel C-CNT composite membrane, the ammonia separation factor is 47% and 25% higher than that of commercial and neat PVDF membranes. This work gives a novel approach for enhancing ammonia and water selectivity during AD effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Xiao
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yu Shang
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Long Ji
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Mingwei Yan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices-Ministry of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Qingyao He
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shuiping Yan
- College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Technology & Equipment Center for Carbon Neutrality in Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, No.1, Shizishan Street, Hongshan District, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-Lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China
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8
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Kim KC, Lin X, Li C. Structural design of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane for membrane distillation application: a review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82632-82659. [PMID: 36219296 PMCID: PMC9552148 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23066-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although membrane distillation (MD) is a promising technology for water desalination and industrial wastewater treatment, the MD process is not widely applied in the global water industry due to the lack of a suitable membrane for the MD process. The design and appropriate manufacture are the most important factors for MD membrane optimization. The well-designed porous structure, superhydrophobic surface, and pore-wetting prevention of the membrane are vital properties of the MD membrane. Nowadays, electrospinning that is capable of manufacturing membranes with superhydrophobic or omni phobic properties is considered a promising technology. Electrospun nanofibrous membranes (ENMs) possess the characteristics of cylindrical morphology, re-entrant structure, and easy-shaping for a specific purpose, benefiting the membrane design and modification. Based on that, this review investigates the current state and future progress of the superhydrophobic, multi-layer, and omniphobic ENMs manufactured with various structural designs for seawater desalination and wastewater purification. We expect that this paper will provide some recommendations and guidance for further fabrication research and the configuration design of ENMs in the MD process for seawater desalination and wastewater purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Chol Kim
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Metallurgical Faculty, Kim Chaek University of Science and Technology, Kyogu dong 60, Central District, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Xiaoqiu Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Congju Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Ravichandran SR, Venkatachalam CD, Sengottian M, Sekar S, Subramaniam Ramasamy BS, Narayanan M, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kandasamy S, Raja R. A review on fabrication, characterization of membrane and the influence of various parameters on contaminant separation process. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135629. [PMID: 35810863 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In most developing countries, the availability of drinking water is a major problem. This creates the need for treatment of wastewater, reusability of water, etc. The membrane technology has its place in the market for treating such water. This review compares polymeric membrane fabrication techniques, characteristics, and factors responsible for effective membrane separation for different materials. Although extensive knowledge is available on membrane fabrication, fabricating a membrane is still more challenging, which is more prone to antifouling properties. The competency in different fabrication methods like phase inversion, interfacial polymerization, stretching, track etching and electrospinning are elucidated in the current study. Further, the challenges and adaptability of different application fabrication methods are studied. Important surface parameters like surface wettability, roughness, surface tension, pore size, surface charge, surface functional group and pure water flux are analyzed for different polymeric membranes. In addition, the properties responsible for fouling the membrane are also covered in detail. Flow direction and velocity are the main factors that characterize a membrane's antifouling nature. Antifouling separation can still be achieved by characterizing feed properties such as pH, temperature, diffusivity, ion concentration, and surface content. Understanding fouling properties is a key to progress in membrane technology to develop an effective membrane separation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mothil Sengottian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Sarath Sekar
- Department of Food Technology, Kongu Engineering College, Perundurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- Division of Research and Innovation, Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Rathinam Raja
- Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai, 600 044, India
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Zhou W, Zhang X, Gong X, Ding M, Yu J, Zhang S, Ding B. Environmentally Friendly Polyamide Nanofiber Membranes with Interconnective Amphiphobic Channels for Seawater Desalination. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:35287-35296. [PMID: 35866994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seawater desalination is a promising and sustainable solution to alleviate freshwater scarcity; however, most existing desalination membranes suffer from poor channel interconnectivity and toxic solvent processing and encounter a tradeoff dilemma of salt rejection and water flux. Herein, we report a unique and facile one-step green solvent/nonsolvent spinning methodology to assemble environmentally friendly polyamide nanofiber membranes with a precisely designed interconnective/stable channel structure and surface anti-wettability for seawater desalination. Direct electrospinning without any post-treatments via in situ introduction of fluorinated chemicals enables highly interconnective amphiphobic channels within polyamide membranes, and the incorporation of nonsolvent (diacetone alcohol) into polyamide/solvent (ethanol) spinning solutions endows the green alcohol-based polyamide membranes with a stable bonding structure and small pore size. The resultant green solvent/nonsolvent-spun polyamide nanofiber membranes show impressive liquid entry pressure (120.5 kPa) and vapor permeation (12.5 kg m-2 d-1), achieving robust seawater desalination performance with a salt rejection of 99.97% and permeate flux of 47.4 kg m-2 h-1. The facile one-step solvent/nonsolvent spinning strategy, highly interconnective amphiphobic channels, and green solvent-based environmental friendliness in this work can open opportunities for future polyamide membranes for practical applications in water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhou
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Mingle Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Bin Ding
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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11
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Membrane Distillation of Saline Water Contaminated with Oil and Surfactants. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120988. [PMID: 34940489 PMCID: PMC8708787 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Application of the membrane distillation (MD) process for the treatment of high-salinity solutions contaminated with oil and surfactants represents an interesting area of research. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of low-concentration surfactants in oil-contaminated high-salinity solutions on the MD process efficiency. For this purpose, hydrophobic capillary polypropylene (PP) membranes were tested during the long-term MD studies. Baltic Sea water and concentrated NaCl solutions were used as a feed. The feed water was contaminated with oil collected from bilge water and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). It has been demonstrated that PP membranes were non-wetted during the separation of pure NaCl solutions over 960 h of the module exploitation. The presence of oil (100–150 mg/L) in concentrated NaCl solutions caused the adsorption of oil on the membranes surface and a decrease in the permeate flux of 30%. In turn, the presence of SDS (1.5–2.5 mg/L) in the oil-contaminated high-salinity solutions slightly accelerated the phenomenon of membrane wetting. The partial pores’ wetting accelerated the internal scaling and affected degradation of the membrane’s structure. Undoubtedly, the results obtained in the present study may have important implications for understanding the effect of low-concentration SDS on MD process efficiency.
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Abstract
In the past few decades, the role of nanotechnology has expanded into environmental remediation applications. In this regard, nanofibers have been reported for various applications in water treatment and air filtration. Nanofibers are fibers of polymeric origin with diameters in the nanometer to submicron range. Electrospinning has been the most widely used method to synthesize nanofibers with tunable properties such as high specific surface area, uniform pore size, and controlled hydrophobicity. These properties of nanofibers make them highly sought after as adsorbents, photocatalysts, electrode materials, and membranes. In this review article, a basic description of the electrospinning process is presented. Subsequently, the role of different operating parameters in the electrospinning process and precursor polymeric solution is reviewed with respect to their influence on nanofiber properties. Three key areas of nanofiber application for water treatment (desalination, heavy-metal removal, and contaminant of emerging concern (CEC) remediation) are explored. The latest research in these areas is critically reviewed. Nanofibers have shown promising results in the case of membrane distillation, reverse osmosis, and forward osmosis applications. For heavy-metal removal, nanofibers have been able to remove trace heavy metals due to the convenient incorporation of specific functional groups that show a high affinity for the target heavy metals. In the case of CECs, nanofibers have been utilized not only as adsorbents but also as materials to localize and immobilize the trace contaminants, making further degradation by photocatalytic and electrochemical processes more efficient. The key issues with nanofiber application in water treatment include the lack of studies that explore the role of the background water matrix in impacting the contaminant removal performance, regeneration, and recyclability of nanofibers. Furthermore, the end-of-life disposal of nanofibers needs to be explored. The availability of more such studies will facilitate the adoption of nanofibers for water treatment applications.
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Recent Progress in the Membrane Distillation and Impact of Track-Etched Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152520. [PMID: 34372131 PMCID: PMC8347132 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a rapidly developing field of research and finds applications in desalination of water, purification from nonvolatile substances, and concentration of various solutions. This review presents data from recent studies on the MD process, MD configuration, the type of membranes and membrane hydrophobization. Particular importance has been placed on the methods of hydrophobization and the use of track-etched membranes (TeMs) in the MD process. Hydrophobic TeMs based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polycarbonate (PC) have been applied in the purification of water from salts and pesticides, as well as in the concentration of low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLLRW). Such membranes are characterized by a narrow pore size distribution, precise values of the number of pores per unit area and narrow thickness. These properties of membranes allow them to be used for more accurate water purification and as model membranes used to test theoretical models (for instance LEP prediction).
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Electrospun Nanostructured Membrane Engineering Using Reverse Osmosis Recycled Modules: Membrane Distillation Application. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061601. [PMID: 34207075 PMCID: PMC8235693 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a consequence of the increase in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, the number of discarded RO modules for 2020 was estimated to be 14.8 million annually. Currently, these discarded modules are disposed of in nearby landfills generating high volumes of waste. In order to extend their useful life, in this research study, we propose recycling and reusing the internal components of the discarded RO modules, membranes and spacers, in membrane engineering for membrane distillation (MD) technology. After passive cleaning with a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, these recycled components were reused as support for polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by different techniques and, finally, tested in desalination of high saline solutions (brines) by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The effect of the electrospinning time, which is the same as the thickness of the nanofibrous layer, was studied in order to optimize the permeate flux together with the salt rejection factor and to obtain robust membranes with stable DCMD desalination performance. When the recycled RO membrane or the permeate spacer were used as supports with 60 min electrospinning time, good permeate fluxes were achieved, 43.2 and 18.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively; with very high salt rejection factors, greater than 99.99%. These results are reasonably competitive compared to other supported and unsupported MD nanofibrous membranes. In contrast, when using the feed spacer as support, inhomogeneous structures were observed on the electrospun nanofibrous layer due to the special characteristics of this spacer resulting in low salt rejection factors and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane.
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15
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Saldías C, Terraza CA, Leiva A, Koschikowski J, Winter D, Tundidor-Camba A, Martin-Trasanco R. PVDF Composite Membranes with Hydrophobically-Capped CuONPs for Direct-Contact Membrane Distillation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1497. [PMID: 34198766 PMCID: PMC8227552 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Water scarcity is an imminent problem that humanity is beginning to attempt to solve. Among the several technologies that have been developed to mitigate water scarcity, membrane distillation is of particular note. In the present work, CuO nanoparticles capped with 1-octanethiol (CuONPs@CH) or 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecanethiol (CuONPs@CF) are prepared. The nanoparticles are characterized by FT-IR and TGA methods. Two weight losses are observed in both cases, with the decomposition of the organic fragments beginning at 158 °C and 230 °C for CuONPs@CF and CuONPs@CH, respectively. Flat sheet PVDF composite membranes containing nanoparticles are prepared by the casting solution method using nanoparticle concentrations that ranged between 2-20% with a non-woven polyester fabric as support. The obtained membranes showed a thickness of 240 ± 40 μm. According to water contact angle (87° for CuONPs@CH and 95° for CuONPs@CF, both at 10% w.t) and roughness (12 pixel for CuONPs@CH and 14 pixels for CuONPs@CF, both at 10% w.t) determinations, the hydrophobicity of membranes changed due to a decrease in surface energy, while, for naked CuONPs, the roughness factor represents the main role. Membranes prepared with capped nanoparticles showed similar porosity (60-64%). SEM micrographs show asymmetric porous membranes with a 200-nm surface pore diameter. The largest finger-like pores in the membranes prepared with CuONPs, CuONPs@CH and CuONPs@CF had values of 63 ± 10 μm, 32 ± 8 μm, and 45 ± 10 μm, respectively. These membranes were submitted to a direct contact membrane distillation module and flux values of 1.8, 2.7, and 3.9 kg(m2·h)-1 at ΔT = 30 °C were obtained for the CuONPs, CuONPs@CH, and CuONPs@CF, respectively. The membranes showed 100% salt rejection during the testing time (240 min).
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Affiliation(s)
- César Saldías
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Post 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Claudio A. Terraza
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Post 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Post 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Angel Leiva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Post 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (C.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Joachim Koschikowski
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.W.)
| | - Daniel Winter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE), 79110 Freiburg, Germany; (J.K.); (D.W.)
| | - Alain Tundidor-Camba
- Research Laboratory for Organic Polymers (RLOP), Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Post 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
- UC Energy Research Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, P.O. Box 306, Post 22, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Rudy Martin-Trasanco
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Santiago 8940577, Chile
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16
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Nuamcharoen P, Kobayashi T, Potiyaraj P. Influence of volatile solvents and mixing ratios of binary solvent systems on morphology and performance of electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanofibers. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praewpanit Nuamcharoen
- Department of Energy and Environment Science Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka Japan
| | - Takaomi Kobayashi
- Department of Energy and Environment Science Nagaoka University of Technology Nagaoka Japan
| | - Pranut Potiyaraj
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand
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17
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Nauman S, Lubineau G, Alharbi HF. Post Processing Strategies for the Enhancement of Mechanical Properties of ENMs (Electrospun Nanofibrous Membranes): A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11010039. [PMID: 33466446 PMCID: PMC7824849 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is a versatile technique which results in the formation of a fine web of fibers. The mechanical properties of electrospun fibers depend on the choice of solution constituents, processing parameters, environmental conditions, and collector design. Once electrospun, the fibrous web has little mechanical integrity and needs post fabrication treatments for enhancing its mechanical properties. The treatment strategies include both the chemical and physical techniques. The effect of these post fabrication treatments on the properties of electrospun membranes can be assessed through either conducting tests on extracted single fiber specimens or macro scale testing on membrane specimens. The latter scenario is more common in the literature due to its simplicity and low cost. In this review, a detailed literature survey of post fabrication strength enhancement strategies adopted for electrospun membranes has been presented. For optimum effect, enhancement strategies have to be implemented without significant loss to fiber morphology even though fiber diameters, porosity, and pore tortuosity are usually affected. A discussion of these treatments on fiber crystallinity, diameters, and mechanical properties has also been produced. The choice of a particular post fabrication strength enhancement strategy is dictated by the application area intended for the membrane system and permissible changes to the initial fibrous morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Nauman
- COHMAS Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- MS&E Department, Institute of Space Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (G.L.); Tel.: +92-343-5855387 or +92-051-9075567 (S.N.); +966-(12)-808-2983 (G.L.); Fax: +92-51-9273310 (S.N.)
| | - Gilles Lubineau
- COHMAS Laboratory, Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.N.); (G.L.); Tel.: +92-343-5855387 or +92-051-9075567 (S.N.); +966-(12)-808-2983 (G.L.); Fax: +92-51-9273310 (S.N.)
| | - Hamad F. Alharbi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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18
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Khan AA, Siyal MI, Kim JO. Fluorinated silica-modified anti-oil-fouling omniphobic F-SiO 2@PES robust membrane for multiple foulants feed in membrane distillation. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128140. [PMID: 33297128 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Direct-contact membrane distillation (DCMD) can be eminent solution for oily wastewater treatment if the membrane provided is slippery and tolerant to low surface tension complex solutions. This study describes preparation of an anti-oil-fouling omniphobic polyethersulfone membrane using fluorinated silica nanoparticles (F-SiO2@PES) combined with perfluorodecyl triethoxysilane and polydimethylsiloxane for application against oil-In-water (o/w) emulsions. Feed solutions consist of different concentrations of oil (hexadecane), different charge surfactants (anionic sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate, non-ionic Tween 20, and cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, and salt (NaCl). The hierarchical re-entrant micro structured surface of the omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membrane and functional groups are confirmed by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The anti-oil-fouling and anti-wetting performance of omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membranes are investigated using contact-angle, sliding angles, DCMD tests with multiple foulants of surfactants. Omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membrane exhibited effective anti-oil-fouling and anti-wetting performance against emulsions as no severe fouling and a conductivity rises were evident regardless of surfactant charge and the concentration of components. Flux reduction and rejection rates for the omniphobic F-SiO2@PES membranes are in a range of 5-15% (only) and >99%, respectively, for various combinations of feed solution components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aftab Ahmad Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Muhammad Irfan Siyal
- Department of Materials and Testing, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Shen D, Zhang Q, Zhang Z, Yang H, Sheng J. Enhanced Dielectric and Hydrophobic Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene)/TiO 2 Nanowire Arrays Composite Film Surface Modified by Electrospinning. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E105. [PMID: 33383843 PMCID: PMC7796346 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this research, we designed a feasible method to prepare composite films with high permittivity and significantly enhanced hydrophobic performance, which showed huge potential in the electrowetting field. TiO2 nanowire arrays were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal process, and poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) was spin-coated on the nanowire arrays to form composite, the surface of which was modified by electrospinning. Due to the great orientation of TiO2 nanowires, dipoles and space charges are in ordered arrangement along the electric field, and this strongly reinforced the Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) polarization, thus the permittivity of the composite (TiO2 nanowire length/film thickness is 0.769) reaches 53 at 1 kHz, which is nearly 3 times higher than pure P(VDF-TrFE). Meanwhile the composite film possesses low dielectric loss (0.07) and low conductivity (2.69 × 10-9 S/cm), showing good insulation. The contact angle of the composite after electrospinning (about 137°) was greatly enhanced from pure P(VDF-TrFE) spin-coated film (about 89°), which can be attributed to the microrough structure built by P(VDF-TrFE) nanofibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (D.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Qilong Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (D.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.Y.)
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China;
| | - Zhao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (D.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hui Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Lab Silicon Mat, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (D.S.); (Z.Z.); (H.Y.)
| | - Jiansong Sheng
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China;
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20
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Cai J, Liu Z, Guo F. Transport Analysis of Anti-Wetting Composite Fibrous Membranes for Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2020; 11:14. [PMID: 33374163 PMCID: PMC7823856 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Composite electrospun fibrous membranes are widely studied for the application of membrane distillation. It is an effective approach to enhance the membrane distillation performance in terms of anti-wetting surface and permeate flux by fabricating composite fibrous membranes (CFMs) with a thin skin layer on a thick supporting layer. In this work, various membranes prepared with different pore sizes and porosities by polyacrylonitrile and polyvinylpyrrolidone were prepared. The membrane characteristics and membrane distillation performance were tested. The mass transfer across the membranes was analyzed experimentally and theoretically in detail. It is shown that the skin layer significantly increases liquid entry pressure of the CFM by 5 times. All the membranes have a similar permeate flux. The permeate flux of membranes is stable at 19.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2/h, and the salt rejection ratios remain above 99.98% at 78 ± 1 °C for 11 h. The pore size and porosity of membranes have an insignificant effect on the temperature distribution of membrane. The porosity and pore size of the skin layer have an insignificant effect on the mass transfer process of the CFM. The mass transfer process of the CFM is governed by the supporting layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei Guo
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ocean Energy Utilization and Energy Conservation of Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian 116024, China; (J.C.); (Z.L.)
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21
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Shirazi MMA, Bazgir S, Meshkani F. A dual-layer, nanofibrous styrene-acrylonitrile membrane with hydrophobic/hydrophilic composite structure for treating the hot dyeing effluent by direct contact membrane distillation. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Zhou T, Zhong Q, Li J, Yao Y, Xiang R, Zhu P. Superhydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene nanofiber membranes prepared by vacuum sintering and their application in vacuum membrane distillation. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- Textile InstituteSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- Chengdu Biotop Pharma Tech. Co., Ltd. Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Zhong
- Textile InstituteSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Jingde Li
- Textile InstituteSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Yao
- Textile InstituteSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Flue Gas Desulfurization Techniques, College of Architecture and EnvironmentSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Ruili Xiang
- Analytical and Testing CenterSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Puxin Zhu
- Textile InstituteSichuan University Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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23
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Membrane distillation: Progress in the improvement of dedicated membranes for enhanced hydrophobicity and desalination performance. J IND ENG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Russo F, Ursino C, Avruscio E, Desiderio G, Perrone A, Santoro S, Galiano F, Figoli A. Innovative Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride) (PVDF) Electrospun Nanofiber Membrane Preparation Using DMSO as a Low Toxicity Solvent. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10030036. [PMID: 32110883 PMCID: PMC7142737 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Electrospinning is an emerging technique for the preparation of electrospun fiber membranes (ENMs), and a very promising one on the basis of the high-yield and the scalability of the process according to a process intensification strategy. Most of the research reported in the literature has been focused on the preparation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) ENMs by using N,N- dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent, which is considered a mutagenic and cancerogenic substance. Hence, the possibility of using alternative solvents represents an interesting approach to investigate. In this work, we explored the use of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a low toxicity solvent in a mixture with acetone for the preparation of PVDF-ENMs. As a first step, a solubility study of the polymer, PVDF 6012 Solef®, in several DMSO/acetone mixtures was carried out, and then, different operating conditions (e.g., applied voltage and needle to collector plate distance) for the successful electrospinning of the ENMs were evaluated. The study provided evidence of the crucial role of solution conductivity in the electrospinning phase and the thermal post-treatment. The prepared ENMs were characterized by evaluating the morphology (by SEM), pore-size, porosity, surface properties, and performance in terms of water permeability. The obtained results showed the possibility of producing ENMs in a more sustainable way, with a pore size in the range of 0.2-0.8 µm, high porosity (above 80%), and water flux in the range of 11.000-38.000 L/m2·h·bar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Russo
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.R.); (C.U.); (E.A.); (F.G.)
- Laboratory of Industrial and Synthetic Organic Chemistry (LISOC), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Calabria, via P. Bucci 12/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Claudia Ursino
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.R.); (C.U.); (E.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Elisa Avruscio
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.R.); (C.U.); (E.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Giovanni Desiderio
- CNR/Nanotec c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Andrea Perrone
- DeltaE srl, C/o Universitá della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci cubo 31D, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Sergio Santoro
- Department of Environmental Engineering (DIAm), Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 44/A, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy;
| | - Francesco Galiano
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.R.); (C.U.); (E.A.); (F.G.)
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology (ITM-CNR), Via Pietro Bucci, Cubo 17/C, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy; (F.R.); (C.U.); (E.A.); (F.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0984-49-2027
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25
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A Review on Porous Polymeric Membrane Preparation. Part I: Production Techniques with Polysulfone and Poly (Vinylidene Fluoride). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11071160. [PMID: 31288433 PMCID: PMC6680680 DOI: 10.3390/polym11071160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Porous polymeric membranes have emerged as the core technology in the field of separation. But some challenges remain for several methods used for membrane fabrication, suggesting the need for a critical review of the literature. We present here an overview on porous polymeric membrane preparation and characterization for two commonly used polymers: polysulfone and poly (vinylidene fluoride). Five different methods for membrane fabrication are introduced: non-solvent induced phase separation, vapor-induced phase separation, electrospinning, track etching and sintering. The key factors of each method are discussed, including the solvent and non-solvent system type and composition, the polymer solution composition and concentration, the processing parameters, and the ambient conditions. To evaluate these methods, a brief description on membrane characterization is given related to morphology and performance. One objective of this review is to present the basics for selecting an appropriate method and membrane fabrication systems with appropriate processing conditions to produce membranes with the desired morphology, performance and stability, as well as to select the best methods to determine these properties.
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26
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Looking Beyond Energy Efficiency: An Applied Review of Water Desalination Technologies and an Introduction to Capillary-Driven Desalination. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most notable emerging water desalination technologies and related publications, as examined by the authors, investigate opportunities to increase energy efficiency of the process. In this paper, the authors reason that improving energy efficiency is only one route to produce more cost-effective potable water with fewer emissions. In fact, the grade of energy that is used to desalinate water plays an equally important role in its economic viability and overall emission reduction. This paper provides a critical review of desalination strategies with emphasis on means of using low-grade energy rather than solely focusing on reaching the thermodynamic energy limit. Herein, it is argued that large-scale commercial desalination technologies have by-and-large reached their engineering potential. They are now mostly limited by the fundamental process design rather than process optimization, which has very limited room for improvement without foundational change to the process itself. The conventional approach toward more energy efficient water desalination is to shift from thermal technologies to reverse osmosis (RO). However, RO suffers from three fundamental issues: (1) it is very sensitive to high-salinity water, (2) it is not suitable for zero liquid discharge and is therefore environmentally challenging, and (3) it is not compatible with low-grade energy. From extensive research and review of existing commercial and lab-scale technologies, the authors propose that a fundamental shift is needed to make water desalination more affordable and economical. Future directions may include novel ideas such as taking advantage of energy localization, surficial/interfacial evaporation, and capillary action. Here, some emerging technologies are discussed along with the viability of incorporating low-grade energy and its economic consequences. Finally, a new process is discussed and characterized for water desalination driven by capillary action. The latter has great significance for using low-grade energy and its substantial potential to generate salinity/blue energy.
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27
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Intrchom W, Roy S, Humoud MS, Mitra S. Immobilization of Graphene Oxide on the Permeate Side of a Membrane Distillation Membrane to Enhance Flux. MEMBRANES 2018; 8:E63. [PMID: 30111696 PMCID: PMC6161090 DOI: 10.3390/membranes8030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, a facile fabrication of enhanced direct contact membrane distillation membrane via immobilization of the hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) on the permeate side (GOIM-P) of a commercial polypropylene supported polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane is presented. The permeate side hydrophilicity of the membrane was modified by immobilizing the GO to facilitate fast condensation and the withdrawal of the permeate water vapors. The water vapor flux was found to be as high as 64.5 kg/m²·h at 80 °C, which is 15% higher than the unmodified membrane at a feed salt concentration of 10,000 ppm. The mass transfer coefficient was observed 6.2 × 10-7 kg/m²·s·Pa at 60 °C and 200 mL/min flow rate in the GOIM-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worawit Intrchom
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Sagar Roy
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Madihah Saud Humoud
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Somenath Mitra
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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