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Liu Z, Xiang Y, Pan Y, Zhang T, Xu W, Li L. Unveiling 3-D evolution and mechanisms of ozone pollution in Changzhou, China: Insights from lidar observations and modelling. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 359:124556. [PMID: 39025291 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Ground ozone (O3) pollution has emerged as a prominent environmental concern in eastern cities of China, particularly during the summer and autumn seasons. However, a comprehensive investigation into the three-dimensional (3-D) evolution characteristics of O3 within complicated urban environments, especially in lake-land environment, is notably scarce. To enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying elevated O3 concentrations within a 3-D scale, this study employed an ozone lidar to delineate vertical ozone profiles in Changzhou, a typical city in China with complicated anthropogenic and biogenic emissions and complex land cover. The process analysis tool integrated into the Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model was further utilized to analyze the formation processes of O3. The results unveil a persistent O3 pollution episode lasting over 15 days in Changzhou during the study period, with multiple peaks exceeding 200 μg m⁻³. Notably, O3 predominantly accumulated within the boundary layer, confined below 1.2 km. Both ground and vertical contributions to this pollution were mainly due to local chemical reactions, with a maximum near-surface contribution reaching 19 ppb h-1 and a vertical contribution of 10 ppb h-1 at the height of 900 ± 200 m. Furthermore, episodes of the enhanced O3 concentrations on August 9 and August 26, 2021, were influenced by external advection process. Our study also found that local circulation plays an important role in the accumulation of surface O3 during certain periods. There was a temperature difference between the surface of Lake Tai and the adjacent land, resulting in the formation of lake-land breezes that facilitate the transport of O3 from the lake surface to the terrestrial environment during pollution events. Our study emphasizes the necessity of reducing local pollutant emissions and implementing joint emission controls as the primary strategies for mitigating O3 pollution in Changzhou and the surrounding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiQiang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Jiangsu Changhuan Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, 213002, China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Ying Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, China
| | - WenLong Xu
- Jiangsu Changhuan Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Changzhou, 213002, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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2
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Li M, Yang Y, Wang H, Wang P, Liao H. Unique impacts of strong and westward-extended western Pacific subtropical high on ozone pollution over eastern China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 358:124515. [PMID: 38996993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
As a subtropical anticyclonic high-pressure system that typically forms over the northwestern Pacific Ocean in summer, the Western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) affects meteorological conditions and ozone pollution in China. The relationship between maximum daily 8-h average ozone (MDA8 O3) concentrations and the extremely strong and westward-extended WPSH occurred in 2022 is investigated using observations, reanalysis data and atmospheric chemistry model simulations. During July-August 2022, a significant positive relationship existed between the intensity of the WPSH and MDA8 O3 over southern China, with a correlation coefficient of +0.44, but the correlation is negative (-0.40) in northern China. During the strong WPSH days, MDA8 O3 increased by 16.5 μg m-3 (16.4% relative to July-August average) over southern China and decreased by 19.0 μg m-3 (14.5%) in northern China compared to the weak WPSH days. The unique dipole pattern in the relationship between ozone levels and the WPSH in 2022 exhibited a contrast to that during 2015-2021. The difference is primarily due to the extremely strong WPSH intensity and its unusual westward expansion in 2022. In this case, an anomalous anticyclone at 500 hPa dominates over southern China, which creates conditions conducive for ozone formation and accumulation. The anticyclone weakened horizontal winds and reduced the dispersion of ozone, alongside a high temperature and low relative humidity, which favored the chemical production of ozone. In contrast, abnormal northerly winds enhanced ozone diffusion in northern China and the low temperature reduced ozone chemical production. This study reveals the mechanism for the significant impact of strong and westward-extended WPSH on ozone concentrations over China, emphasizing the role of the WPSH location in modulating meteorology and ozone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric, Climate, and Earth Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Pinya Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Ji X, Chen G, Chen J, Xu L, Lin Z, Zhang K, Fan X, Li M, Zhang F, Wang H, Huang Z, Hong Y. Meteorological impacts on the unexpected ozone pollution in coastal cities of China during the unprecedented hot summer of 2022. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:170035. [PMID: 38218482 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Surface ozone pollution under climate warming has become a serious environmental issue. In the summer of 2022, abnormal warming spread over most of the Northern Hemisphere and resulted in the abnormal increase in O3 concentrations. In this study, we focused on the coastal cities in China and investigated the O3 trends in July during 2015 to 2022. Four regions with different locations and emission levels were selected for comparison. A significant increase of O3 concentration in July 2022 were observed in the southern coastal cities (16.7-22.8 μg m-3) while the opposite characteristics were found in the northern coastal cities (decrease of 0.26-2.18 μg m-3). The results indicated various distribution patterns of the O3 concentrations responded to heat wave across China. The weakening of East Asian summer monsoon, extension of the western Pacific subtropical high, significant warming, stronger solar radiation, lower relative humidity, less rainfall and sinking motion of atmosphere in 2022 were beneficial for O3 generation and accumulation in the southern coastal areas. Meteorological changes in July 2022 could lead to an increase of 15.6 % in O3 concentrations in southern coastal cities compared to that in 2015-2021, based on the analysis of machine learning. Air temperature was the main contributor to high O3 concentrations in the coast of Fujian province, while other coastal cities depended on relative humidity. This study indicated the challenge of O3 pollution control in coastal areas under global warming, especially in extreme heat wave events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Ji
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gaojie Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinsheng Chen
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Lingling Xu
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ziyi Lin
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Keran Zhang
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Mengren Li
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Fuwang Zhang
- Environmental Monitoring Center of Fujian, Fuzhou 350003, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Key Laboratory of Straits Severe Weather China Meteorological Administration, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- Xiamen Institute of Environmental Science, Xiamen, China
| | - Youwei Hong
- Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Ozone Pollution Prevention, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Liu Y, Tang G. Contradictory response of ozone and particulate matter concentrations to boundary layer meteorology. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 343:123209. [PMID: 38142027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
At the present stage, collaborative control of particulate matter and ozone pollution has become a modern challenge. The atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) is an important meteorological parameter for the sources and sinks of air pollutants. It is generally recognized that the reduction of boundary layer is conducive to the accumulation of pollutants. However, in recent years, some studies have shown that the relationship between ABLH and ozone is not negatively correlated. Here, we analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of PM2.5 and ozone exceedance in China from 2015 to 2022. The relationships between particulate pollution and ozone pollution and boundary layer meteorology were discussed. The key to coordinated control is to control the PM2.5 concentration in the winter and ozone in summer. Moreover, the two have different responses to meteorological factors, especially to the ABLH. Low temperature and low ABLH are conducive to the deterioration of particulate pollution, but high temperature and high ABLH are conducive to the occurrence and development of ozone pollution. The response of ozone to ABLH is contrary to previous studies in Europe and the United States. Moreover, an abnormal positive correlation was observed for PM2.5 and ABLH in Southwest China, which was mainly due to the impact of biomass combustion in Southeast Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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5
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Ni Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Li H, Li M, Wang P, Li K, Liao H. Contrasting changes in ozone during 2019-2021 between eastern and the other regions of China attributed to anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168272. [PMID: 37924894 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Ozone pollution is one of the most severe air quality issues in China that poses a serious threat to human health and ecosystems. During 2019-2021, the maximum daily 8-h average ozone concentrations in eastern China (110-122.5°E, 26-42°N) and the rest of China (ROC) show different decreasing patterns, with ozone concentrations in eastern China decreasing by 14.9 μg/m3, which is much larger than 4.8 μg/m3 in ROC. Here, based on two independent methods, the atmospheric chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) simulations and the machine learning (ML) model (LightGBM) predictions, the reasons for the differences in ozone changes between eastern China and ROC during the warm season (April to September) are investigated. According to the GEOS-Chem (LightGBM) results, changes in the meteorological conditions contributed to an ozone decrease by 7.3 (6.8) μg/m3 in eastern China due to decreased chemical production and an ozone decrease by 6.8 (7.0) μg/m3 in ROC attributed to the weakened horizontal and vertical advection. With the influence of meteorological factors excluded, the observations show that changes in anthropogenic emissions resulted in an ozone decrease by 7.6 (8.1) μg/m3 in eastern China and an ozone increase by 2.0 (2.2) μg/m3 in ROC, which is primarily induced by the changes in NOx emissions. The surface measurements and satellite retrievals also indicate that the reduction in NOx emissions in ROC is less efficient than that in the more developed eastern China, leading to contrasting changes in ozone concentrations between eastern China and ROC during 2019-2021. Our results highlight the critical need to reduce ozone precursor emissions in the rest regions of China apart from eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Ni
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Huimin Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyun Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pinya Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Li
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Liao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change (ILCEC), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Bhattarai H, Tai APK, Val Martin M, Yung DHY. Impacts of changes in climate, land use, and emissions on global ozone air quality by mid-21st century following selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167759. [PMID: 37832689 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface ozone (O3) is a major air pollutant and greenhouse gas with significant risks to human health, vegetation, and climate. Uncertainties around the impacts of various critical factors on O3 is crucial to understand. We used the Community Earth System Model to investigate the impacts of land use and land cover change (LULCC), climate, and emissions on global O3 air quality under selected Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs). Our findings show that increasing forest cover by 20 % under SSP1 in East China, Europe, and the eastern US leads to higher isoprene emissions leading 2-5 ppb increase in summer O3 levels. Climate-induced meteorological changes, like rising temperatures, further enhance BVOC emissions and increase O3 levels by 10-20 ppb in urban areas with high NOx levels. However, higher BVOC emissions can reduce O3 levels by 5-10 ppb in remote environments. Future NOx emissions control reduces O3 levels by 5-20 ppb in the US and Europe in all SSPs, but reductions in NOx and changes in oxidant titration increase O3 in southeast China in SSP5. Increased NOx emissions in southern Africa and India significantly elevate O3 levels up to 15 ppb under different SSPs. Climate change is equally important as emissions changes, sometimes countering the benefits of emissions control. The combined effects of emissions, climate, and land cover result in worse O3 air quality in northern India (+40 %) and East China (+20 %) under SSP3 due to anthropogenic NOx and climate-induced BVOC emissions. Over the northern hemisphere, surface O3 decreases due to reduced NOx emissions, although climate and land use changes can increase O3 levels regionally. By 2050, O3 levels in most Asian regions exceed the World Health Organization safety limit for over 150 days per year. Our study emphasizes the need to consider complex interactions for effective air pollution control and management in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj Bhattarai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos P K Tai
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Maria Val Martin
- Leverhulme Centre for Climate Change Mitigation, School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David H Y Yung
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Programme and Graduate Division of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang L, Yang X, Dong J, Yang Y, Ma P, Zhao W. Evolution of surface ozone pollution pattern in eastern China and its relationship with different intensity heatwaves. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122725. [PMID: 37827354 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With climate warming, eastern China has experienced a significant increase in temperature accompanied by intensified ozone pollution. We aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal patterns and relationships between ozone levels and temperature in eastern China using observation-based ozone data from 418 air quality monitoring stations and temperature data from ERA5. The summer maximum temperature and annual ozone concentration in eastern China increased significantly between 2015 and 2022, with increases rate of 10% and 2.84 μg/m3 yr-1, respectively. The baseline ozone concentration was increasing over time. The average difference in MDA8 O3 concentration in spring, summer, and autumn decreased, with more ozone pollution spreading into spring and autumn, indicating a trend of prolonging the ozone season. During the June-July-August (JJA) period of 2015-2022, heatwaves increased significantly in eastern China. The frequency of heatwave events >10 days played a vital role in exacerbating ozone pollution. During the JJA period, the increase rate in MDA8 O3 concentration was 9.31 μg/m3 yr-1 during heatwave periods, significantly higher than that during non-heatwave periods (4.01 μg/m3 yr-1). The correlation between MDA8 O3 concentration and temperature was as high as 0.99, indicating that temperature was vital in ozone formation during the JJA period in eastern China. This study suggests that more stringent actions are needed to control ozone-precursor compounds during frequent summertime heatwaves in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xingchuan Yang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Junwu Dong
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Pengfei Ma
- Ministry of Ecology and Environment Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment/ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing, Beijing, 100094, China
| | - Wenji Zhao
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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Wu S, Yan X, Yao J, Zhao W. Quantifying the scale-dependent relationships of PM 2.5 and O 3 on meteorological factors and their influencing factors in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and surrounding areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 337:122517. [PMID: 37678736 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the variations of PM2.5 and O3 and their synergistic effects with influencing factors at different time scales, we employed Bayesian estimator of abrupt seasonal and trend change to analyze the nonlinear variation process of PM2.5 and O3. Wavelet coherence and multiple wavelet coherence were utilized to quantify the coupling oscillation relationships of PM2.5 and O3 on single/multiple meteorological factors in the time-frequency domain. Furthermore, we combined this analysis with the partial wavelet coherence to quantitatively evaluate the influence of atmospheric teleconnection factors on the response relationships. The results obtained from this comprehensive analysis are as follows: (1) The seasonal component of PM2.5 exhibited a change point, which was most likely to occur in January 2017. The trend component showed a discontinuous decline and had a change point, which was most likely to appear in February 2017. The seasonal component of O3 did not exhibit a change point, while the trend component showed a discontinuous rise with two change points, which were most likely to occur in July 2018 and May 2017. (2) The phase and coherence relationships of PM2.5 and O3 on meteorological factors varied across different time scales. Stable phase relationships were observed on both small- and large-time scales, whereas no stable phase relationship was formed on medium scales. On all-time scales, sunshine duration was the best single variable for explaining PM2.5 variations and precipitation was the best single variable explaining O3 variations. When compared to single meteorological factors, the combination of multiple meteorological factors significantly improved the ability to explain variations in PM2.5 and O3 on small-time scales. (3) Atmospheric teleconnection factors were important driving factors affecting the response relationships of PM2.5 and O3 on meteorological factors and they had greater impact on the relationship at medium-time scales compared to small- and large-time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Wu
- School of Resource, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xing Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Jiaqi Yao
- Academy of Eco-civilization Development for Jing-Jin-Ji Megalopolis, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, 300382, China.
| | - Wenji Zhao
- School of Resource, Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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9
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Yan K, Wang M, Cheng Y, Zou J, Zhang Y, Hu S, Chen Y, Lv Q, Ying S. An update on the association between ambient short-term air pollution exposure and daily outpatient visits for conjunctivitis: a time-series study in Hangzhou, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:102790-102802. [PMID: 37672159 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Air pollution is a major public health problem that can lead to conjunctivitis. This study aimed to explore the associations between air pollutants and outpatient visits for conjunctivitis in Hangzhou, China. This study collected data on 50,772 patients with conjunctivitis and the concentrations of six air pollutants from February 1, 2014, to August 31, 2018. A time series analysis using a generalized additive model (GAM) was conducted. We found that the risk of conjunctivitis was related to the air pollutants PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3, which had concentration hysteresis effects. The risk of conjunctivitis increased by 1.009 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.003, 1.014), 1.011 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.015), 1.238 (95% CI: 1.186, 1.292), 1.028 (95% CI: 1.019, 1.038), and 1.013 (95% CI: 1.008, 1.017) for every 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, and O3 concentrations, respectively. The lag effects of SO2 and NO2 were stronger than those of particulate matter. Females exposed to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, and O3 had a higher risk of conjunctivitis than males, while males exposed to NO2 had a nearly identical risk of conjunctivitis as females. People aged 19-59 were more likely to suffer from conjunctivitis. The risk of conjunctivitis caused by PM10, SO2, and O3 was highest in the transitional season, while the risk caused by NO2 was highest in the winter season. In conclusion, females and middle-aged adults were at higher risk of conjunctivitis. People were more susceptible to conjunctivitis during the transitional season. These findings highlight the importance of atmospheric pollution governance and reference for public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yan
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Mingwei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongran Cheng
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Jin Zou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Shuaiyue Hu
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Yitong Chen
- Savaid Stomatology School, Hangzhou Medical College, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Lv
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China
| | - Shibo Ying
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Medical College, No.182, Tianmushan Road Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310013, China.
- Institute of Occupational Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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10
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Zhao G, Zhang F, Zhong Y, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhu S, Zhang X, Li T, Zhu W, Li D. Independent and interactive effects of ozone and thermal inversion exposure on the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in Wuhan, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:91315-91323. [PMID: 37477814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-28855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of exposure to thermal inversion (TI) and ozone (O3) on human health have been reported; however, there are few studies have explored the independent and potential interactive effects of them on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A total of 31,262 pregnant women from the Wuhan Children's Hospital covering the period from 2017 to 2021 were included in this study. The logistic regression adjusted for the covariates was applied to explore the independent effect of exposure to O3 and TI on GDM. The relative excess risk due to the interaction (RERI) analysis was applied to assess the possible interactive effect. Per 10 μg/m3 increased in O3 (OR = 1.069, 95% CI: 1.049, 1.089) during the first trimester and per 10 days increased in TI (OR = 1.041, 95% CI: 1.005, 1.080) in the second trimester were significantly associated with the risk of GDM. The synergistic effect of exposure to TI and O3 was larger than their sum effect (RERI = 0.330, 95% CI: 0.170, 0.476). This study added further support for public health-related policy to improve maternal health by curbing TI and O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaichan Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
- Yuhua District Center for Disease Control and Prevebtion, Shijiazhuang, 050021, China
| | - Faxue Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China
| | - Xupeng Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shijie Zhu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Tianzhou Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430014, China.
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Dejia Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, China
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11
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Lu Z, Guan Y, Shao C, Niu R. Assessing the health impacts of PM 2.5 and ozone pollution and their comprehensive correlation in Chinese cities based on extended correlation coefficient. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115125. [PMID: 37331289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone pollution is becoming more and more important in the current and next stage of Chinese environmental pollution control. Existing studies are unable to provide sufficient quantitative assessments of the correlation of PM2.5 and ozone pollution to support the coordinated control of the two air pollutants. This study develops a systematic method to comprehensively assess the correlation between PM2.5 and ozone pollution, including the evaluation of the impact of two air pollutants on human health and the extended correlation coefficient (ECC) for assessing the bivariate correlation index of PM2.5-ozone pollution in Chinese cities. According to the latest studies on epidemiology conducted in China, we take cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases as the ozone pollution's health burden when evaluating the health impact of ozone pollution. The results show that the health impact of PM2.5 in China decreases by 25.9 % from 2015 to 2021, while the health impact of ozone increases by 11.8 %. The ECC of 335 cities in China shows an increasing-decreasing trend but has generally increased from 2015 to 2021. The study provides important support for an in-depth understanding of the correlation and development trend of Chinese PM2.5 and ozone pollution by classifying the comprehensive PM2.5-ozone correlation performances of Chinese cities into four types. China or other countries will get better environmental benefits by implementing different coordinated management approaches for different correlative types of regions based on the assessment method in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Lu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yang Guan
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China; The Center for Beautiful China, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Chaofeng Shao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Ren Niu
- Institute of Strategic Planning, Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning, Beijing 100041, China.
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12
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Yao Y, Wang W, Ma K, Tan H, Zhang Y, Fang F, He C. Transmission paths and source areas of near-surface ozone pollution in the Yangtze River delta region, China from 2015 to 2021. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 330:117105. [PMID: 36610191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Near-ground ozone in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region has become one of the main air pollutants that threaten the health of residents. However, to date, the transport behavior and source areas of ozone in the YRD region have not been systematically analyzed. In this study, by combining the ozone observational record with a HYSPLIT (hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory) model, we tried to reveal the spatiotemporal regularity of the airflow transport trajectory of ozone. Spatially, high ozone concentrations mainly clustered in industrial cities and resource-based cities. Temporally, the center of the ozone pollution shifted westward of Nanjing from 2015 to 2021. With the passage of time, the influence of meteorological elements on the ozone concentration in the YRD region gradually weakened. Marine atmosphere had the most significant impact on the transmission path of ozone in Shanghai, of which the trajectory frequency in 2021 accounted for 64.21% of the total frequency. The transmission trajectory of ozone in summer was different from that in other seasons, and its transmission trajectory was mainly composed of four medium-distance transmission paths: North China-Bohai Sea, East China Sea-West Pacific Ocean, Philippine Sea, and South China Sea-South China. The contribution source areas mainly shifted to the southeast, and the emission of pollutants from the Shandong Peninsula, the Korean Peninsula-Japan, and the Philippine Sea-Taiwan area increased the impact of ozone pollution in the Shanghai area from 2019 to 2021. This study identified the regional transport path of ozone in the YRD region and provided a scientific reference for the joint prevention and control of ozone pollution in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youru Yao
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecological Environment, Nanjing, 210042, China.
| | - Kang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Huarong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Fengman Fang
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Regional Response in the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin, Anhui Province, School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, China.
| | - Cheng He
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, 85764, Germany.
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13
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Matandirotya NR, Anoruo CM. An assessment of aerosol optical depth over three AERONET sites in South Africa during the year 2020. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 19:e01446. [PMID: 36448048 PMCID: PMC9683855 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to notice that the world health organization (WHO) on the 11th of March 2020, declared COVID-19 a global pandemic and in response governments around the world introduced lockdowns that restricted human and traffic movements including South Africa. This pandemic resulted in a total lockdown from 26 March until 16 April 2020 in South Africa with expected decrease in atmospheric aerosols. In this present study, the aerosol optical depth (AOD) over Southern Africa based on ground-based remotely sensed data derived from three AERONET sites (Durban, Skukuza and Upington) during 2020 were used to detrermine the restriction resopnse on atmospheric aerosol pollution The study used data from 2019, 2018 and 2017 as base years. The AERONET derived data was complemented with the HYSPLIT Model and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis data. The study findings show that peak increase of AOD corresponds to Angstrom exponent (AE) enhancement for two sites Durban and Skukuza during winter (JJA) while the Upington site showed a different trend where peak AOD were observed in spring (SON). The study also observed the influence of long transport airmasses particularly those originating from the Atlantic and Indian ocean moreso for the Durban and Skukuza sites (summer and autumn) thus these sites received fresh marine aerosols however this was not the case for Upington which fell under the influence of short-range inland airmasses and was likely to receive anthropogenic and dust aerosols. The major results suggest that the lockdowns did not translate into a significant decrease in AOD levels compared to previous immediate years. The results has presented restriction response of AOD over South Africa but additional analysis is required using more locations to compare results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Newton R Matandirotya
- Derpatment of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, 6000, South Africa
- Centre for Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience, Kgotso Development Trust,P.O.Box 5, Beitbridge, Zimbabwe
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14
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Liu T, Sun J, Liu B, Li M, Deng Y, Jing W, Yang J. Factors Influencing O 3 Concentration in Traffic and Urban Environments: A Case Study of Guangzhou City. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12961. [PMID: 36232266 PMCID: PMC9564865 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ozone (O3) pollution is a serious issue in China, posing a significant threat to people's health. Traffic emissions are the main pollutant source in urban areas. NOX and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from traffic emissions are the main precursors of O3. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between traffic conditions and O3 pollution. This study focused on the potential relationship between O3 concentration and traffic conditions at a roadside and urban background in Guangzhou, one of the largest cities in China. The results demonstrated that no significant difference in the O3 concentration was observed between roadside and urban background environments. However, the O3 concentration was 2 to 3 times higher on sunny days (above 90 μg/m3) than on cloudy days due to meteorological conditions. The results confirmed that limiting traffic emissions may increase O3 concentrations in Guangzhou. Therefore, the focus should be on industrial, energy, and transportation emission mitigation and the influence of meteorological conditions to minimize O3 pollution. The results in this study provide some theoretical basis for mitigation emission policies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Jia Sun
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| | - Baihua Liu
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Miao Li
- College of Geographical Science, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China
| | - Yingbin Deng
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| | - Wenlong Jing
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
| | - Ji Yang
- Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application, Lab of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System, Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511485, China
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15
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Du Y, Zhao K, Yuan Z, Luo H, Ma W, Liu X, Wang L, Liao C, Zhang Y. Identification of close relationship between large-scale circulation patterns and ozone-precursor sensitivity in the Pearl River Delta, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114915. [PMID: 35313148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To curb the continuous deterioration of ozone (O3) pollution in China, identifying the O3-precursor sensitivity (OPS) and its driving factors is a prerequisite for formulating effective O3 pollution control measures. Traditional OPS identification methods have limitations in terms of spatiotemporal representation and timeliness; therefore, they are not appropriate for making OPS forecasts for O3 contingency control. OPS is not only influenced by local precursor emissions but is also closely related to meteorological conditions governed by large-scale circulation (LSC). In this study, a localized three-dimensional numerical modeling system was used to investigate the relationship between LSC and OPS in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) of China during September 2017, a month with continuous O3 pollution. Our results highlighted that there was a close relationship between LSC and OPS over the PRD, and the four dominant LSC patterns corresponded well to the NOx-limited, NOx-limited, VOC-limited, and transitional regimes, respectively. The clear linkage between LSC and OPS was mainly driven by the spatial heterogeneity of NOx and VOC emissions within and beyond the PRD along the prevailing winds under different LSC patterns. A conceptual model was developed to highlight the intrinsic causality between the LSC and OPS. Because current technology can accurately forecast LSC 48-72 h in advance, the LSC-based OPS forecast method provided us with a novel approach to guide contingency control and management measures to reduce peak O3 at a regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Du
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kaihui Zhao
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Zibing Yuan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Huihong Luo
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wei Ma
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Long Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
| | - Chenghao Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou, 510045, China
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16
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Ozone Pollution in Chinese Cities: Spatiotemporal Variations and Their Relationships with Meteorological and Other Pollution Factors (2016–2020). ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13060908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
With the acceleration of urbanization, ozone (O3) pollution has become increasingly serious in many Chinese cities. This study analyzes the temporal and spatial characteristics of O3 based on monitoring and meteorological data for 366 cities and national weather stations throughout China from 2016 to 2020. Least squares linear regression and Spearman’s correlation coefficient were computed to investigate the relationships of O3 with various pollution factors and meteorological conditions. Global Moran’s I and the Getis–Ord index Gi* were adopted to reveal the spatial agglomeration of O3 pollution in Chinese cities and characterize the temporal and spatial characteristics of hot and cold spots. The results show that the national proportion of cities with an annual concentration exceeding 160 μg·m−3 increased from 21.6% in 2016 to 50.9% in 2018 but dropped to 21.5% in 2020; these cities are concentrated mainly in Central China (CC) and East China (EC). Throughout most of China, the highest seasonal O3 concentrations occur in summer, while the highest values in South China (SC) and Southwest China (SWC) occur in autumn and spring, respectively. The highest monthly O3 concentration reached 200 μg·m−3 in North China (NC) in June, while the lowest value was 60 μg·m−3 in Northeast China (NEC) in December. O3 is positively correlated with the ground surface temperature (GST) and sunshine duration (SSD) and negatively correlated with pressure (PRS) and relative humidity (RHU). Wind speed (WIN) and precipitation (PRE) were positively correlated in all regions except SC. O3 concentrations are significantly differentiated in space: O3 pollution is high in CC and EC and relatively low in the western and northeastern regions. The concentration of O3 exhibits obvious agglomeration characteristics, with hot spots being concentrated mainly in NC, CC and EC.
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17
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Briz-Redón Á, Belenguer-Sapiña C, Serrano-Aroca Á. A city-level analysis of PM 2.5 pollution, climate and COVID-19 early spread in Spain. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2022; 20:395-403. [PMID: 35018223 PMCID: PMC8734552 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpuse The COVID-19 outbreak has escalated into the worse pandemic of the present century. The fast spread of the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has caused devastating health and economic crises all over the world, with Spain being one of the worst affected countries in terms of confirmed COVID-19 cases and deaths per inhabitant. In this situation, the Spanish Government declared the lockdown of the country. Methods The variations of air pollution in terms of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) levels in seven representative cities of Spain are analyzed here considering the effect of meteorology during the national lockdown. The possible associations of PM2.5 pollution and climate with COVID-19 accumulated cases were also analyzed. Results While the epidemic curve was flattened, the results of the analysis show that the 4-week Spanish lockdown significantly reduced the PM2.5 levels in only one city despite the drastically reduced human activity. Furthermore, no associations between either PM2.5 exposure or environmental conditions and COVID-19 transmission were found during the early spread of the pandemic. Conclusions A longer period applying human activity restrictions is necessary in order to achieve significant reductions of PM2.5 levels in all the analyzed cities. No effect of PM2.5 pollution or weather on COVID-19 incidence was found for these pollutant levels and period of time. Graphical abstract Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-022-00786-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Briz-Redón
- Statistics Office, City Council of Valencia, c/Arquebisbe Mayoral, 2, Valencia, 46002 Spain
| | - Carolina Belenguer-Sapiña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, c/Doctor Moliner 50, Burjassot, Valencia 46100 Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno Mártir, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente, c/Guillem de Castro 94, Valencia, 46001 Spain
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18
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Keshtkar M, Heidari H, Moazzeni N, Azadi H. Analysis of changes in air pollution quality and impact of COVID-19 on environmental health in Iran: application of interpolation models and spatial autocorrelation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:38505-38526. [PMID: 35080722 PMCID: PMC8790552 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In the global COVID-19 epidemic, humans are faced with a new challenge. The concept of quarantine as a preventive measure has changed human activities in all aspects of life. This challenge has led to changes in the environment as well. The air quality index is one of the immediate concrete parameters. In this study, the actual potential of quarantine effects on the air quality index and related variables in Tehran, the capital of Iran, is assessed, where, first, the data on the pollutant reference concentration for all measuring stations in Tehran, from February 19 to April 19, from 2017 to 2020, are monitored and evaluated. This study investigated the hourly concentrations of six particulate matters (PM), including PM2.5, PM10, and air contaminants such as nitrogen dioxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ozone (O3), and carbon monoxide (CO). Changes in pollution rate during the study period can be due to reduced urban traffic, small industrial activities, and dust mites of urban and industrial origins. Although pollution has declined in most regions during the COVID-19 quarantine period, the PM2.5 rate has not decreased significantly, which might be of natural origins such as dust. Next, the air quality index for the stations is calculated, and then, the interpolation is made by evaluating the root mean square (RMS) of different models. The local and global Moran index indicates that the changes and the air quality index in the study area are clustered and have a high spatial autocorrelation. The results indicate that although the bad air quality is reduced due to quarantine, major changes are needed in urban management to provide favorable conditions. Contaminants can play a role in transmitting COVID-19 as a carrier of the virus. It is suggested that due to the rise in COVID-19 and temperature in Iran, in future studies, the effect of increased temperature on COVID-19 can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Keshtkar
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Heidari
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, Department of Environmental Planning, Management & Education, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Niloofar Moazzeni
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Department of Environmental Planning, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Azadi
- Research Group Climate Change and Security, Institute of Geography, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Wang L, Li M, Wang Q, Li Y, Xin J, Tang X, Du W, Song T, Li T, Sun Y, Gao W, Hu B, Wang Y. Air stagnation in China: Spatiotemporal variability and differing impact on PM 2.5 and O 3 during 2013-2018. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 819:152778. [PMID: 34990676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, winter PM2.5 and summer O3 pollution which often occurred with air stagnation condition has become a major concern in China. Thus, it is imperative to understand the air stagnation distribution in China and elucidate its impact on air pollution. In this study, three air stagnation indices were calculated according to atmospheric thermal and dynamics parameters using ERA5 data. Two improved indices were more suitable in China, and they displayed similar characteristics: most of the air stagnant days were found in winter, and seasonal distributions showed substantial regional heterogeneity. During stagnation events, flat west or northwest winds at 500 hPa and high pressure at surface dominated, with high relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T), weak winds in most regions. The pollutants concentrations on stagnant days were higher than those on non-stagnant days in most studied areas, with the largest difference of the 90th percentiles of maximum daily 8-h average (MDA8) O3 up to 62.2 μg m-3 in Pearl River Delta (PRD) and PM2.5 up to 95.8 μg m-3 in North China Plain (NCP). During the evolution of stagnation events, the MDA8 O3 concentrations showed a significant increase (6.0 μg m-3 day-1) in PRD and a slight rise in other regions; the PM2.5 concentrations and the frequency of extreme PM2.5 days increased, especially in NCP. Furthermore, O3 was simultaneously controlled by temperature and stagnation except for Xinjiang (XJ), with the average growth rate of 19.5 μg m-3 every 3 °C at 19 °C-31 °C. PM2.5 was dominated by RH and stagnation in northern China while mainly controlled by stagnation in southern China. Notably, the extremes of summer O3 (winter PM2.5) pollution was most associated with air stagnation and T at 25 °C-31 °C (air stagnation and RH >50%). The results are expected to provide important reference information for air pollution control in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingge Li
- Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Qinglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Xinjiang Weather Modification Office, Urumqi 830002, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wupeng Du
- Beijing Municipal Climate Center, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Tao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenkang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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20
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Liang L, Engling G, Xu W, Ma Q, Lin W, Liu X, Liu C, Zhang G. Observational insights into the compound environmental effect for 2-methyltetrols formation under humid ambient conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133153. [PMID: 34875293 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory experiments suggest acid-catalyzed aqueous-phase production can promote the formation of isoprene SOA, i.e., 2-methyltetrols. In this study we use ambient observations of the 2-methyltetrols along with other chemical measurements, as well as meteorological factors to investigate the relative importance of environmental influence for isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) SOA formation under atmospheric humidity conditions. The 2-Methyltetrols revealed good relationships with temperature and total solar radiation, but were weakly correlated with aerosol acidity and SO42-. EC-scaled 2-methyltetrols were observed to vary in a narrow pH range (1.5-2.0), indicating aerosol acidity was not a limiting factor for 2-methyltetrols formation. High values of 2-methyltetrols were consistently observed at high total solar radiation, the strong dependence of total solar radiation demonstrated that photochemical processes dominated 2-methyltetrols formation in humid environments. Although 2-methyltetrols can be enhanced by acid-catalyzed aqueous-phase reactions, it is not sufficient to compensate the synchronously weakened photochemical activity influence, leading to an obvious net decrease in the formation of 2-methyltetrols in the ambient. Moreover, aerosol droplet acidity was reduced under high liquid water content (LWC) condition, subsequently diminishing the enhancement of SOA formation by acidity. Overall, our results highlight that the environmental impact factors are highly variable and interplay, influencing the production of 2-methyltetrols, and suggest that the formation pathway of 2-methyltetrols is insensitive to aerosol acidity but dominated by photochemical production process in humid environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Guenter Engling
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA; Now at: California Air Resources Board, El Monte, CA, 91731, USA
| | - Wanyun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qianli Ma
- Lin'an Regional Atmosphere Background Station, Lin'an, 311300, China
| | - Weili Lin
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xuyan Liu
- National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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21
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Wang Q, Wang L, Gong C, Li M, Xin J, Tang G, Sun Y, Gao J, Wang Y, Wu S, Kang Y, Yang Y, Li T, Liu J, Wang Y. Vertical evolution of black and brown carbon during pollution events over North China Plain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150950. [PMID: 34656595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The vertical distribution of carbonaceous aerosol impacts climate change, air quality and human health, but there is a lack of in-situ vertical observations of black (BC) and brown carbon (BrC). Thus, the characteristic of vertical profiles of BC concentration, particle number concentration (PNC), O3 concentration and optical absorption of BC and BrC were observed in a suburban site over North China Plain, where heavy pollution of PM2.5 and O3 always occurred in winter and summer, respectively. In winter, during a heavy pollution episode, the BC and PNC was near uniformly distributed within mixing layer (ML) (15.2 ± 6.7 μg m-3 and 678 ± 227 p cm-3, respectively) and decreased with altitude above the ML. The BC heating rate reached about 0.13 K h-1 during the heaviest pollution day. In summer, the BC concentration (2.9 ± 1.3 μg m-3) in ML during the middle O3 pollution events was higher than that (1.7 ± 0.6 μg m-3) during the light O3 pollution. The light absorption coefficients of BC at 880 nm and BrC at 375 nm measured in the early morning were lower than that in the daytime, and the contribution of BrC to total light absorption of carbonaceous aerosols was in the range of 27-47%. In addition, BC was effectively transported to high altitude than BrC in the daytime. The light absorption of secondary BrC in the daytime was higher 10-20% than that in the early morning. Simultaneously, the contribution of secondary BrC to the total BrC light absorption at 375 nm was range from 32% to 68% within 1000 m.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Chongshui Gong
- Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Mingge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jinhui Gao
- Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050021, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jingda Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; College of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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22
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He G, Deng T, Wu D, Wu C, Huang X, Li Z, Yin C, Zou Y, Song L, Ouyang S, Tao L, Zhang X. Characteristics of boundary layer ozone and its effect on surface ozone concentration in Shenzhen, China: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 791:148044. [PMID: 34118664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In late September 2019, the longest and most extensive ozone (O3) pollution process occurred at Pearl River Delta. Base on the observational data, surface-level O3, vertical distribution characteristics boundary layer O3 as well as its effect on surface-level O3 are thoroughly analyzed. The O3 lidar results showed similar vertical O3 profiles both in pollution episodes and clean periods, from which a high O3 concentration layer between 300 and 500 m and a sub-high O3 concentration layer between 1300 and 1700 m (near the top of the mixing layer) can be found. Besides, the downward O3 transport paths from the high/sub-high O3 concentration layers could be observed along with the boundary layer evolution: At nighttime, large amounts of O3 were effectively stored into the residual layer (RL). Due to the upward development of Mixing layer (ML) in early morning, atmospheric vertical mixing carried the O3 inside the RL down to the surface, which led to a rapid increase in the surface-level O3. The sub-high O3 layer began the downward mixing at noon, and became well-mixed after the boundary layer was fully developed in the afternoon, by which the near surface O3 pollution deteriorated again. Further analysis of the heavy O3 pollution episodes show that, the high O3 concentration inside the RL contributed 54% ± 6% of the surface-level O3 at 9:00 LT and the average contribution of O3 in the sub-high concentration layer to the surface-level O3 at 14:00 LT was 26% ± 9%. Based on the quantitative analysis of the observational data, this paper focus to reveal the importance of the contribution of O3 inside the RL and near the top of the ML to the surface O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guowen He
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Appointment Mass Spectrometry System, Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Dui Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Appointment Mass Spectrometry System, Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Cheng Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Appointment Mass Spectrometry System, Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhenning Li
- Institute of Environment, Energy and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Changqin Yin
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yu Zou
- Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction, China Meteorological Administration, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lang Song
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science, Guangzhou 510045, China
| | - Shanshan Ouyang
- Institute for Environmental and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Liping Tao
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Appointment Mass Spectrometry System, Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Online Atmospheric Pollution Source Appointment Mass Spectrometry System, Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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23
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Lu C, Mao J, Wang L, Guan Z, Zhao G, Li M. An unusual high ozone event over the North and Northeast China during the record-breaking summer in 2018. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 104:264-276. [PMID: 33985729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Under the background of global warming, the summer temperature of the North and Northeast China (NNEC) has significantly increased since 2017, which was accompanied by the aggravated ozone (O3) pollution. In 2018, the NNEC experienced a record-breaking summer of the past 40 years. Influenced by the abnormal high temperatures, a regional ozone event occurred on 2-3 August, over 63% of 79 selected cities in the NNEC were exposed to O3 pollution, and the maximum value of MDA8 O3 reached 268 μg/m3. Observations indicated that ozone concentrations agree well with the maximum temperature at 2 meters (MT2M) over NNEC with a correlation coefficient of 0.69. During the pollution episode, strong downdraft in the local high (35°N-42.5°N, 112.5°E-132.5°E; LH) over the NNEC created the favourable meteorological conditions for O3 formation. By analyzing the horizontal wind and wave activity fluxes (WAFs) at 200 hPa, we found that the LH formation was resulted from the Rossby wave propagation from upstream along the mid-latitude Asian jet. The split polar vortex intrusion further strengthened the amplitude of the Rossby wave and reinforced the LH. Moreover, a secondary circulation between Typhoon Jongdari and the LH contributed to the enhanced LH with strong subsidence. On the other hand, the stratospheric intrusions under the deep subsidence also contributed to the enhanced surface O3. In this study, the deep-seated meteorological dynamical mechanisms contributing to the abnormal high temperatures were investigated, which can lead to a better understanding of the regional O3 pollution over NNEC under the global-warming background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Jia Mao
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute id Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute id Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhaoyong Guan
- Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Guangna Zhao
- Meteorological Observatory of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Mingge Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry (LAPC), Institute id Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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24
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Guo H, Li X, Li W, Wu J, Wang S, Wei J. Climatic modification effects on the association between PM1 and lung cancer incidence in China. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:880. [PMID: 33962607 PMCID: PMC8106137 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nationwide studies that examine climatic modification effects on the association between air pollution and health outcome are limited in developing countries. Moreover, few studies focus on PM1 pollution despite its greater health effect. Objectives This study aims to determine the modification effects of climatic factors on the associations between PM1 and the incidence rates of lung cancer for males and females in China. Methods We conducted a nationwide analysis in 345 Chinese counties (districts) from 2014 to 2015. Mean air temperature and relative humidity over the study period were used as the proxies of climatic conditions. In terms of the multivariable linear regression model, we examined climatic modification effects in the stratified and combined datasets according to the three-category and binary divisions of climatic factors. Moreover, we performed three sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of climatic modification effects. Results We found a stronger association between PM1 and the incidence rate of male lung cancer in counties with high levels of air temperature or relative humidity. If there is a 10 μg/m3 shift in PM1, then the change in male incidence rate relative to its mean was higher by 4.39% (95% CI: 2.19, 6.58%) and 8.37% (95% CI: 5.18, 11.56%) in the middle and high temperature groups than in the low temperature group, respectively. The findings of climatic modification effects were robust in the three sensitivity analyses. No significant modification effect was discovered for female incidence rate. Conclusions Male residents in high temperature or humidity counties suffer from a larger effect of PM1 on the incidence rate of lung cancer in China. Future research on air pollution-related health impact assessment should consider the differential air pollution effects across different climatic conditions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-10912-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagui Guo
- School of Architecture and Urban-rural Planning, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, 518055, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Siying Wang
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hongkong, China.,Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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25
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Briz-Redón Á, Belenguer-Sapiña C, Serrano-Aroca Á. Changes in air pollution during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain: A multi-city study. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 101:16-26. [PMID: 33334512 PMCID: PMC7402215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has escalated into one of the largest crises of the 21st Century. The new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, responsible for COVID-19, has spread rapidly all around the world. The Spanish Government was forced to declare a nationwide lockdown in view of the rapidly spreading virus and high mortality rate in the nation. This study investigated the impact of short-term lockdown during the period from March 15th to April 12th 2020 on the atmospheric levels of CO, SO2, PM10, O3, and NO2 over 11 representative Spanish cities. The possible influence of several meteorological factors (temperature, precipitation, wind, sunlight hours, minimum and maximum pressure) on the pollutants' levels were also considered. The results obtained show that the 4-week lockdown had significant impact on reducing the atmospheric levels of NO2 in all cities except for the small city of Santander as well as CO, SO2, and PM10 in some cities, but resulted in increase of O3 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Briz-Redón
- Statistics Office, City Council of Valencia, c/Arquebisbe Mayoral, 2, 46002 Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carolina Belenguer-Sapiña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, c/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, c/Guillem de Castro 94, 46001 Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Wang X, Zhang T, Xiang Y, Lv L, Fan G, Ou J. Investigation of atmospheric ozone during summer and autumn in Guangdong Province with a lidar network. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141740. [PMID: 32889466 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The overall ozone concentration in China has increased significantly in recent years, as has the atmospheric oxidization, and both of these changes are impacting human activities. Measurements based on differential absorption lidar (DIAL) were conducted from June to October 2019 in order to investigate the vertical distribution of ozone in Guangdong Province. The vertical and horizontal distributions of ozone in six different cities were systematically examined during the summer and autumn and analyzed the two different ozone characteristics (local pollution and regional transport). TrajStat was used to analyze the ozone transport directions and potential contributions of in the summer and autumn, and the following results were obtained. In the cities of Guangzhou and Jiangmen, the ozone concentrations climbed significantly higher in autumn than in summer, with the ozone concentration reaching a height of 1000 m in autumn and 600 m in summer. The diurnal variation of ozone in Yangjiang City in summer was not obvious, whereas in other cities, high levels of ozone were concentrated in the afternoon. The average summer ozone concentration at the Guangzhou site was the highest, approximately 92.57 μg/m3, whereas the average at the Dongguan site was the lowest. The average ozone concentration at the Guangzhou site in autumn was also the highest among the six cities, reaching 133.34 μg/m3. In terms of local pollution, the high-concentration ozone mainly occurred near the ground. The maximum ozone concentration was approximately 162.1 μg/m3 at about 350 m, and the ozone was evenly distributed above 1500 m. The external transport of ozone primarily occurred from 500 to 1100 m and above 1100 m. During summer, the southwest airflow trajectory was dominant, whereas northeast airflow predominated in autumn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Wang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
| | - Tianshu Zhang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Yan Xiang
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China.
| | - Lihui Lv
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China; Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Guangqiang Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Optics and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China
| | - Jinping Ou
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, China
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