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Ding Y, Qin S, Huang H, Tang X, Li X, Zhang Y, Chen W, Nguyen LP, Qi S. Selected pesticidal POPs and metabolites in the soil of five Vietnamese cities: Sources, fate, and health risk implications. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123043. [PMID: 38036093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Large quantities of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been used in tropical regions. The fate processes and risks of these legacy contaminants in the tropics are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the occurrence of three classes of widely used OCPs and their metabolites in surface and core soil from five cities across Vietnam with a prevalent tropical monsoon climate and a long history of OCP application. We aimed to elucidate migration potentials, degradation conditions, and transformation pathways and assess current health risks of these contaminants. Generally, the concentrations of OCPs and metabolites in the soil core were slightly lower than those in surface soil except for hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) isomers. 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (p,p'-DDT), 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE), the sum of dicofol and 4,4'-dichlorobenzophenone (p,p'-DBP), and 2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethane (p,p'-DDD) were the most abundant compounds in both surface and core soils. A uniform distribution of HCHs (the sum of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH) at trace levels was found in almost all soils, serving as evidence of the lack of recent use of HCH pesticides. Higher concentrations of DDTs (the sum of DDT, DDD, and DDE) were observed in north-central Vietnamese soil, whereas appreciable concentrations of ENDs (the sum of α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate) were only found in southern Vietnamese soils. Empirical diagnostic ratios indicated residuals of DDTs were mainly from technical DDT rather than dicofol, whereas aged HCHs could be explained by the mixture of lindane and technical HCH. Both historical applications and recent input explain DDTs and ENDs in Vietnamese soil. Total organic carbon performs well in preventing vertical migration of more hydrophobic DDTs and ENDs. The dominant transformation pathway of DDT in surface soil followed p,p'-DDE→2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-1-chloroethylene or p,p'-DDMU→1,1-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene or p,p'-DDNU→p,p'-DBP, whereas the amount of p,p'-DDMU converted from p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE is similar in soil core. Non-cancer risks of OCPs and metabolites in all soils and cancer risks of those chemicals in core soils were below the safety threshold, whereas a small proportion of surface soil exhibited potential cancer risk after considering the exposure pathway of vegetable intake. This study implied that organic matter in non-rainforest tropical deep soils still could hinder the leaching of hydrophobic organic contaminants as in subtropical and temperate soils. When lands with a history of OCP application are used for agricultural purposes, dietary-related risks need to be carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
| | - Shibin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Institute of Eco-Environment Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530007, China
| | - Huanfang Huang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Xiushuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Lan-Phuong Nguyen
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
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Xing X, Liu W, Li P, Su Y, Li X, Shi M, Hu T, Zhang Y, Liu L, Zhang J, Qi S. Insight into the effect mechanism of sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: Isotopic evidence for lake organic matter deposition and regional development model. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117380. [PMID: 37832771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Deciphering the temporal patterns of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment cores, and the effect mechanism of sedimentary organic matter (OM) and regional development model on PAHs are crucial for pollution control and environmental management. Herein, sediment core was collected from Chenhu international wetland in Wuhan, central China. Meanwhile, historical trend and source of PAHs and sedimentary OM were presented, respectively. Result demonstrated that the most significant growth of PAHs (increased by 158.8%) was attributed to the significant enhancement of traffic emission (5.57 times), coal combustion (4.59 times), and biomass burning (8.09 times). Similarly, the percentage of phytoplankton (stage Ⅲ: 37.9%; stage Ⅳ: 31.2%) and terrestrial C3 plants (stage Ⅲ: 24.6%; stage Ⅳ: 29.2%) to sedimentary OM hold the dominant position after the stage Ⅱ. The obvious shifts of historical trend and sources in PAHs were highly related to economic development models (r = 0.72, p < 0.001) and sedimentary OM (r = 0.82, p < 0.001). It demonstrated that eutrophication of lake accelerated the burial of PAHs. Redundancy analysis results suggested that TOC was dominating driver of sedimentary PAHs (16.56%) and phytoplankton occupied 9.58%. To further confirm the significant role of economic development models, three different historical trends of PAHs in different regions of China were presented. The result of this study provides the new insight into the geochemistry mechanism of lake sedimentary OM and PAHs. Meanwhile, the relationship of regional development model and sedimentary PAHs was highlighted in this study. Significantly, the main environmental implications of this study are as follows: (1) lake eutrophication of phytoplankton OM accelerated the burial of PAHs in lake sediment; (2) economic development models and energy structure significantly influence the sedimentary PAHs. This study highlights the coupling relationship between OM burial and PAHs sedimentation, and the importance of accelerating the transformation of economic energy structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinli Xing
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China.
| | - Weijie Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Peng Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Geological Bureau, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Yewang Su
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingming Shi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China
| | - Tianpeng Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430078, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Hubei Geological Bureau, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Li Liu
- Hubei Geological Bureau, Wuhan, 430034, China
| | - Jiaquan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mine Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, 435003, China
| | - Shihua Qi
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
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Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
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Zheng Q, Xu Y, Cao Z, Zhao S, Bing H, Li J, Luo C, Zhang G. Spatial redistribution and enantiomeric signatures of hexachlorocyclohexanes in Chinese forest soils: Implications to environmental behavior and influencing factors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:165024. [PMID: 37343885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) are a group of highly persistent pesticides. The concentrations of HCHs and the enantiomeric fractions of α-HCH in the O- and A-horizons from 30 mountains across China were analyzed in this study. The concentrations of total HCHs ranged from 0.061 to 46.9 ng/g (mean 2.12 ng/g) and 0.046 to 16.1 ng/g (mean 0.792 ng/g) in the O- and A-horizons, respectively. The HCH residues were mainly derived from the historical applications of technical HCH and lindane. Higher concentrations of HCHs were typically found in northern China, and no significant correlations were found between historical technical HCH usage and HCH isomer concentrations in either the O- or A-horizons (p > 0.05). Conversely, the concentrations of HCH isomers were significantly correlated with the environmental parameters (temperature and precipitation), thus indicating a typical secondary distribution pattern. Some HCH isomers tended to be transported northward under the long-term effect of monsoon. Chiral α-HCH was non-racemic in soils and showed preferential degradation of (-) α-HCH in both the O- and A-horizons. The transformation from γ-HCH to α-HCH might alter the enantiomeric signatures of α-HCH in soils. Moreover, the deviation from racemic of α-HCH was positively correlated with the C/N ratio in the A-horizon (p < 0.01), thus suggesting that the C/N ratio could alter the microbial activity and significantly affect the enantioselective degradation extent of α-HCH in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yue Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural & Rural Pollution Abatement and Environmental Safety, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Haijian Bing
- The Key Laboratory of Mountain Surface Processes and Ecological Regulation, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Chunling Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Bolan S, Padhye LP, Mulligan CN, Alonso ER, Saint-Fort R, Jasemizad T, Wang C, Zhang T, Rinklebe J, Wang H, Siddique KHM, Kirkham MB, Bolan N. Surfactant-enhanced mobilization of persistent organic pollutants: Potential for soil and sediment remediation and unintended consequences. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 443:130189. [PMID: 36265382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This review aims to provide an overview of the sources and reactions of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and surfactants in soil and sediments, the surfactant-enhanced solubilisation of POPs, and the unintended consequences of surfactant-induced remediation of soil and sediments contaminated with POPs. POPs include chemical compounds that are recalcitrant to natural degradation through photolytic, chemical, and biological processes in the environment. POPs are potentially toxic compounds mainly used in pesticides, solvents, pharmaceuticals, or industrial applications and pose a significant and persistent risk to the ecosystem and human health. Surfactants can serve as detergents, wetting and foaming compounds, emulsifiers, or dispersants, and have been used extensively to promote the solubilization of POPs and their subsequent removal from environmental matrices, including solid wastes, soil, and sediments. However, improper use of surfactants for remediation of POPs may lead to unintended consequences that include toxicity of surfactants to soil microorganisms and plants, and leaching of POPs, thereby resulting in groundwater contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Catherine N Mulligan
- Department of Bldg, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal H3G 1M8, Canada
| | - Emilio Ritore Alonso
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química y Ambiental, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos, s/n, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roger Saint-Fort
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science & Technology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E6K6, Canada
| | - Tahereh Jasemizad
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Chensi Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions of Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311300, People's Republic of China
| | - Kadambot H M Siddique
- UWA institute of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - M B Kirkham
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; UWA institute of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia.
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Chai L, Zhou Y, Wang X. Impact of global warming on regional cycling of mercury and persistent organic pollutants on the Tibetan Plateau: current progress and future prospects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1616-1630. [PMID: 35770617 DOI: 10.1039/d1em00550b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Global warming profoundly affects not only mountainous and polar environments, but also the global and regional cycling of pollutants. Mercury (Hg) and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have global transport capacity and are regulated by the Minamata Convention and Stockholm Convention, respectively. Since the beginning of this century, understanding of the origin and fate of Hg and POPs on the Tibetan Plateau (TP, also known as the third pole) has been deepening. In this paper, the existing literature is reviewed to comprehensively understand the atmospheric transport, atmospheric deposition, cumulative transformation and accumulation of Hg and POPs on the TP region under the background of global warming. The biogeochemical cycle of both Hg and POPs has the following environmental characteristics: (1) the Indian summer monsoon and westerly winds carry Hg and POPs inland to the TP; (2) the cold trapping effect causes Hg and POPs to be deposited on the TP by dry and wet deposition, making glaciers, permafrost, and snow the key sinks of Hg and POPs; (3) Hg and POPs can subsequently be released due to the melting of glaciers and permafrost; (4) bioaccumulation and biomagnification of Hg and POPs have been examined in the aquatic food chain; (5) ice cores and lake cores preserve the impacts of both regional emissions and glacial melting on Hg and POP migration. This implies that comprehensive models will be needed to evaluate the fate and toxicity of Hg and POPs on larger spatial and longer temporal scales to forecast their projected tendencies under diverse climate scenarios. Future policies and regulations should address the disrupted repercussions of inclusive CC such as weather extremes, floods and storms, and soil sustainable desertification on the fate of Hg and POPs. The present findings advocate the strengthening of the cross-national programs aimed at the elimination of Hg and POPs in polar (Arctic, Antarctic and TP) and certain mountainous (the Himalaya, Rocky Mountains, and Alps) ecosystems for better understanding the impacts of global warming on the accumulation of Hg/POPs in cold and remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yunqiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Avila BS, Ramírez C, Tellez-Ávila E. Human Biomonitoring of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in the Breast Milk of Colombian Mothers. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 109:526-533. [PMID: 35867133 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03577-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent in the environment, bioaccumulate and biomagnify throughout the food chain, and may have adverse effects on human health and wildlife. PCB indicator (PCB 28, PCB 52, PCB 101, PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 153, and PCB 180) were monitored in human milk using 68 samples from healthy and primiparous mothers from seven cities in Colombia, and the estimated daily intake (EDI) of infants was calculated. The PCB indicator with the highest concentration was PCB 153 with a value of 7.30 ng g-1 lipids. The maximum EDI was calculated as 0.257 μg kg-1 bw-1 day-1. In general, the PCB levels found in the 68 samples were low and did not represent a risk to breastfed infants. Additionally, these results could strengthen Colombia's efforts to increase the practice of breastfeeding. Finally, the results establish a general overview of population exposure and can be a scientific tool to improve environmental health policies in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Santiago Avila
- Environmental and Laboral Health Group, National Institute of Health, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia.
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Sede de Investigación Universitaria, Grupo Diagnostico y Control de la Contaminación, Universidad de Antioquia, Calle 62 No 52-59, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Carolina Ramírez
- Environmental and Laboral Health Group, National Institute of Health, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - Eliana Tellez-Ávila
- Environmental and Laboral Health Group, National Institute of Health, 111321, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
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Domingues CE, Kordiak J, Pedroso CR, de Oliveira Stremel TR, Beber de Souza J, de Sousa Vidal CM, de Campos SX. Optimization and validation of ultrasound application with a low-temperature method to analyze organochlorine pesticides in smuggled cigarette tobacco. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2857-2865. [PMID: 35833565 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00544a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work presents the optimization and validation of a method to quantify organochlorine pesticides in tobacco samples from smuggled cigarettes using ultrasound application and low-temperature extraction. The combined approach was validated for 20 organochlorine pesticides, achieving recoveries between 73% and 116%, and a relative standard deviation of less than 20%. The method minimized the matrix effect in 65% of the organochlorine pesticides. The limits of detection and quantification varied from 2 to 60 ng g-1 and 120 to 190 ng g-1, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of 18 brands of smuggled cigarettes. The organochlorine pesticides found in the samples were cis-chlordane (89%), p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDD) and methoxychlor (78%), endosulfan sulfate (67%), heptachlor epoxide, and endosulfan II (61%). The concentrations of the organochlorine pesticides in this study were higher than those in a similar survey on cigarettes marketed in China. The ultrasound application and low-temperature extraction may be an efficient alternative to analyzing tobacco samples since it uses only one extraction solvent, requires low-cost equipment, does not require an additional clean-up step, reduces the environmental impact through minimal waste generation, and can detect low analyte concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Eloise Domingues
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil.
| | - Januário Kordiak
- Chemistry Department, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil
| | - Carlos R Pedroso
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil
| | | | - Jeanette Beber de Souza
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil
| | - Carlos M de Sousa Vidal
- Environmental and Sanitary Engineering Laboratory, State University of Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), PR 153, km 07, Riozinho, P.O. Box 21, 84500-000, Irati, PR Brazil
| | - Sandro X de Campos
- Research Group on Environmental and Sanitary Analytical Chemistry (QAAS), State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748. 84.030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR Brazil.
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