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Zhou S, Zhu N, Lyu P, Zhang C, Fu Z, Gong J, Zhou Z, Xia L. Construction of a BiOI/ZnO heterojunction on biomass Juncus effusus fiber for photodegradation of organic pollutants. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 146:28-38. [PMID: 38969456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Semiconductor heterojunction engineering and three-dimensional (3D) architecture construction have been considered highly desirable strategies to enhance photocatalytic performance. Herein, a BiOI/ZnO composite photocatalyst with a 3D flower-like architecture was successfully prepared, which was stably immobilized on three-dimensional porous lignocellulosic biomass Juncus effusus (JE) fiber. The outstanding photocatalytic performance of the BiOI/ZnO-JE fiber was confirmed by the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC, 90%), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 79%), and norfloxacin (NOR, 81%). The enhanced photocatalytic activities were mainly attributed to the synergistic absorption performance of the lignocellulosic JE and the effective transfer and separation of charges. Moreover, the hydroxyl (·OH) and superoxide radicals (·O2-) are the main reactive species in the photocatalytic process according to the analysis. This work may provide a novel perspective for constructing high-performance lignocellulosic-based photocatalytic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Na Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Pei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China.
| | - Zhuan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Junyao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhaozixuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Liangjun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 999077, China.
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Belay Getahun M, Yadeta Ejeta S, Imae T, Chu JP. Effect of a three-dimensional nanotube array substrate on photocatalytic conversion performance of CO 2 gas to methanol by amine-loaded CuO/ZnO catalysts. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 674:118-127. [PMID: 38917712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic conversion of CO2 gas into energy-dense hydrocarbons holds the potential to address both environmental and energy problems. Catalysts consisting of CuO clusters/nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods on a metallic nanotube array (MeNTA) silicon substrate were utilized for CO2 reduction. The surface of the catalysts was modified with 3-amino-propyltriethoxysilane (APTES), the amine terminal of which can selectively bind CO2 gas. When photocatalytic CO2 reduction was performed with varying APTES and CuO contents, the highest methanol production of 4.5 mmol/g(catalyst) was obtained at 10 wt% APTES and 7.5 mM CuO contents. The high yield in the present work in comparison with previous reports is due to some advantages of the present catalytic system such as its enhanced activity, significant selectivity, and easy production: Nanometer-sized CuO produced by femtosecond pulse laser irradiation provides a larger active surface per volume and a free surface without a protector, which is favorable for advancing the catalytic activity. The formation of a heterojunction interface in a nanocomposite of p-type CuO and n-type ZnO increases holes at the valence band level of CuO, resulting in advantageous photovoltaic efficiency. The introduction of APTES on the catalyst surface enhances CO2 adsorption and brings about CO2 gas near the catalyst to accelerate the reaction rate. Finally, a three-dimensional tube array on the substrate enlarges the surface per volume for catalyst-loading compared to the two-dimensional substrate. Thus, the proposed catalytic system consisting of amine-loaded CuO/ZnO constructed on a three-dimensional nanotube array substrate is preferable for the photocatalytic conversion of CO2 gas to methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minale Belay Getahun
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Shibiru Yadeta Ejeta
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan
| | - Toyoko Imae
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
| | - Jinn P Chu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan.
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Joe A, Han HW, Lim YR, Manivasagan P, Jang ES. Triphenylphosphonium-Functionalized Gold Nanorod/Zinc Oxide Core-Shell Nanocomposites for Mitochondrial-Targeted Phototherapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:284. [PMID: 38399337 PMCID: PMC10893051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phototherapies, such as photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), combined with novel all-in-one light-responsive nanocomposites have recently emerged as new therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cancer. Herein, we developed novel all-in-one triphenylphosphonium-functionalized gold nanorod/zinc oxide core-shell nanocomposites (CTPP-GNR@ZnO) for mitochondrial-targeted PTT/PDT owing to their good biocompatibility, tunable and high optical absorption, photothermal conversion efficiency, highest reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and high mitochondrial-targeting capability. Under laser irradiation of 780 nm, the CTPP-GNR@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites effectively produced heat in addition to generating ROS to induce cell death, implying a synergistic effect of mild PTT and PDT in combating cancer. Notably, the in vitro PTT/PDT effect of CTPP-GNR@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites exhibited effective cell ablation (95%) and induced significant intracellular ROS after the 780 nm laser irradiation for 50 min, indicating that CTPP in CTPP-GNR@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites can specifically target the mitochondria of CT-26 cells, as well as generate heat and ROS to completely kill cancer cells. Overall, this light-responsive nanocomposite-based phototherapy provides a new approach for cancer synergistic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eue-Soon Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 730-701, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea; (A.J.); (H.-W.H.); (Y.-R.L.) (P.M.)
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Hassan A, Jalil A, Ilyas SZ, Iqbal MF, Ali Shah SZ, Baqir Y. Green-route synthesis and ab-initio studies of a highly efficient nano photocatalyst:Ce/zinc-oxide nanopetals. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25581. [PMID: 38356607 PMCID: PMC10864955 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In the present work, Zinc-oxide nanostructures and Ce/Zinc-oxide nanopetals were synthesized by a new environmentally friendly green synthesis method using the Withania coagulans plant. Cerium nitrate Ce(NO3)3 and zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2 were used as precursors. The prepared nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-vis). Crystal planes (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), (112) and (201) at 2θ 31.75°, 34.35°, 36.2°, 47.55°, 56.6°, 62.75°, 66.3°, 67.9°, and 69.09° respectively confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure of Zinc-oxide. Angular shifts for Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide and Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetal nanostructures were observed in the (100) and (101) planes of the crystal. More specifically, using Scherrer's equation, the crystallite sizes of Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals were 16.48 ± 02 nm, 17.8 ± 2 nm, 18.8 ± 2 nm, and 18.87 ± 2 nm, respectively. The pure Zinc-oxide grain had the appearance of a nanoflower. On the other hand, the nanopetal structure of Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals had oval-shaped nanopetal morphology. The absorption peaks were observed at 373, 376.4, 377, and 378 nm for Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, respectively, which results in a progressive redshift. The gap energies of Zinc-oxide, Ce1% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, Ce3% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals, and Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals were 2.796, 2.645, 2.534, and 2.448 eV, respectively. Photodegradation under visible light (>400 nm) indicates the high efficiency of the photocatalyst based on Ce5% doped Zinc-oxide nanopetals. DFT calculations, structural changes, charge analysis, and electronic band structures were carried out to confirm the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ather Hassan
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Jalil
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Zafar Ilyas
- Department of Physics, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Iqbal
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | | | - Yadullah Baqir
- Department of Agriculture, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kahandal A, Chaudhary S, Methe S, Nagwade P, Sivaram A, Tagad CK. Galactomannan polysaccharide as a biotemplate for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles with photocatalytic, antimicrobial and anticancer applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126787. [PMID: 37690639 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Biotemplates provide a facile, rapid, and environmentally benign route for synthesizing various nanostructured materials. Herein, Locust Bean Gum (LBG), a galactomannan polysaccharide, has been used as a biotemplate for synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) for the first time. The composition, structure, morphology, and bandgap of ZnO were investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis spectroscopy. XRD data showed single-phase crystalline hexagonal NPs. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of M-O bonding in the sample. At a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL the NPs can degrade Rhodamine B under sunlight, displaying excellent photocatalytic activity. These NPs exhibited antimicrobial activity in both Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. Significant cell death was observed at 500 μg/mL, 250 μg/mL, 125 μg/mL and 62.5 μg/mL of NP in breast cancer, ovarian cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Wound healing assay showed that the NPs significantly blocked the cell migration at a concentration as low as 62.5 μg/mL in all three cell lines. Further optimization of the nanostructure properties will make it a promising candidate in the field of nano-biotechnology and bioengineering owing to its wide range of potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Kahandal
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Sanyukta Chaudhary
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Saakshi Methe
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India
| | - Pratik Nagwade
- Department of Chemistry, Shri Anand College, Pathardi, Ahmednagar, MH, India
| | - Aruna Sivaram
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India.
| | - Chandrakant K Tagad
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, India.
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Annam Renita A, Sathish S, Kumar PS, Prabu D, Manikandan N, Mohamed Iqbal A, Rajesh G, Rangasamy G. Emerging aspects of metal ions-doped zinc oxide photocatalysts in degradation of organic dyes and pharmaceutical pollutants - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 344:118614. [PMID: 37454449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent periods, a broad assortment of continual organic contaminants has been released into our natural water resources. Indeed, it is exceedingly poisonous and perilous to living things; thus, the elimination of these organic pollutants before release into the water bodies is vital. A variety of techniques have been utilized to remove these organic pollutants with advanced oxidation photocatalytic methods with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles being commonly used as a capable catalyst for contaminated water treatment. Nevertheless, its broad energy gap, which can be only stimulated under an ultraviolet (UV) light source, and high recombination pairs of electrons and holes limit their photocatalytic behaviors. However, numerous methods have been suggested to decrease its energy gap for visible regions. Including, the doping ZnO with metal ions (dopant) can be considered as an effectual route not only the reason for a movement of the absorption edges toward the higher (visible light) region but also to lower the electron-hole pair (e--h+) recombination. This review concentrated on the impact of dissimilar types of metal ions (dopants) on the advancement in the degradation performance of ZnO. So, this work demonstrates a vital review of contemporary attainments in the alteration of ZnO nanoparticles for organic pollutants eliminations. Besides, the effect of doping ions including transition metals, rare earth metals, and metal ions (substitutional and interstitial) concerning numerous types of altered ZnO are summarized. The photodegradation mechanisms for pristine and metal-modified ZnO nanoparticles are also conferred.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Annam Renita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - S Sathish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali 140413, India.
| | - D Prabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - N Manikandan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - A Mohamed Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, 119, India
| | - G Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603110, Tamil Nadu, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, 603 110, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Department of Sustainable Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
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Krobthong S, Rungsawang T, Wongrerkdee S. Comparison of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Precipitation and Combustion for UV and Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue. TOXICS 2023; 11:toxics11030266. [PMID: 36977031 PMCID: PMC10053102 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) were comparatively synthesized via precipitation and combustion techniques. The ZnO NPs synthesized via precipitation and combustion exhibited similar polycrystalline hexagonal wurtzite structures. The large crystal sizes of ZnO NPs were obtained from the ZnO precipitation in comparison with those from the ZnO combustion, while the particle sizes were in the same range. The functional analysis implied that the ZnO structures had surface defects. Moreover, absorbance measurement showed the same absorbance range in ultraviolet light. In the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, ZnO precipitation exhibited higher degradation performance than ZnO combustion. This was attributed to the larger crystal sizes of ZnO NPs, which provided an enduring carrier movement at semiconductor surfaces and reduced electron-hole recombination. Thus, the crystallinity of ZnO NPs can be considered an important factor in photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, precipitation is an interesting synthesizing method for preparing ZnO NPs with large crystal sizes.
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Rodwihok C, Suwannakaew M, Han SW, Lim YJ, Park SY, Woo SW, Choe JW, Wongratanaphisan D, Kim HS. Effective removal of hazardous organic contaminant using integrated photocatalytic adsorbents: Ternary zinc oxide/zeolite-coal fly ash/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.131044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wongrerkdee S, Wongrerkdee S, Boonruang C, Sujinnapram S. Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Ti-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Rapid Combustion. TOXICS 2022; 11:toxics11010033. [PMID: 36668759 PMCID: PMC9865418 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ZnO and Ti-doped ZnO (Ti-ZnO) nanoparticles were synthesized using rapid combustion. The morphology of ZnO and Ti-ZnO featured nanoparticles within cluster-like structures. The ZnO and Ti-ZnO structures exhibited similar hexagonal wurtzite structures and crystal sizes. This behavior occurred because Zn2+ sites of the ZnO lattice were substituted by Ti4+ ions. The chemical structure characterization implied the major vibration of the ZnO structure. The physisorption analysis showed similar mesoporous and non-rigid aggregation structures for ZnO and Ti-ZnO using N2 adsorption-desorption. However, Ti-ZnO demonstrated a specific surface area two times higher than that of ZnO. This was a major factor in improving the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB). The photocatalytic degradation analysis showed a kinetic degradation rate constant of 2.54 × 10-3 min-1 for Ti-ZnO, which was almost 80% higher than that of ZnO (1.40 × 10-3 min-1). The transformation mechanism of MB molecules into other products, including carbon dioxide, aldehyde, and sulfate ions, was also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutthipoj Wongrerkdee
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Sawitree Wongrerkdee
- Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Tak, Muang, Tak 63000, Thailand
| | - Chatdanai Boonruang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supphadate Sujinnapram
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
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Influence of Calcination Temperature on Photocatalyst Performances of Floral Bi2O3/TiO2 Composite. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterojunction photocatalytic materials show excellent performance in degrading toxic pollutants. This study investigates the influence of calcination temperature on the performances of floral Bi2O3/TiO2 composite photocatalyst crystal, which was prepared with glycerol, bismuth nitrate, and titanium tetrachloride as the major raw materials via the solvothermal method. XRD, SEM/TEM, BET, Uv-vis, and XPS were employed to analyze the crystal structure, morphology, specific surface area, band gap, and surface chemical structure of the calcined temperature catalysts. The calcination temperature influence on the catalytic performance of composite photocatalysis was tested with rhodamine B (RhB) as the degradation object. The results revealed the high catalytic activity and higher photocatalytic performance of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst. The degradation efficiency of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst to RhB was 97%, 100%, and 91% at 400 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C calcination temperatures, respectively, in which the peak degradation activity appeared at 450 °C. The characterization results show that the appropriate calcination temperature promoted the crystallization of the Bi2O3/TiO2 catalyst, increased its specific surface area and the active sites of catalytic reaction, and improved the separation efficiency of electrons and holes.
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Manojkumar P, Pranav S, Premchand C, Lokeshkumar E, Rameshbabu N. Development of surface-modified galvanised steel as an immobilised photocatalyst for textile wastewater treatment. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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