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Cinici B, Yaba S, Kurt M, Yalcin HC, Duta L, Gunduz O. Fabrication Strategies for Bioceramic Scaffolds in Bone Tissue Engineering with Generative Design Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:409. [PMID: 39056850 PMCID: PMC11275129 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9070409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in the fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the use of three-dimensional (3D) technologies coupled with generative design principles. The field of modern medicine has witnessed remarkable advancements and continuous innovation in recent decades, driven by a relentless desire to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. Central to this progress is the field of tissue engineering, which holds immense promise for regenerative medicine applications. Scaffolds are integral to tissue engineering and serve as 3D frameworks that support cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. A wide array of materials has been explored for the fabrication of scaffolds, including bioceramics (i.e., hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, bioglasses) and bioceramic-polymer composites, each offering unique properties and functionalities tailored to specific applications. Several fabrication methods, such as thermal-induced phase separation, electrospinning, freeze-drying, gas foaming, particle leaching/solvent casting, fused deposition modeling, 3D printing, stereolithography and selective laser sintering, will be introduced and thoroughly analyzed and discussed from the point of view of their unique characteristics, which have proven invaluable for obtaining bioceramic scaffolds. Moreover, by highlighting the important role of generative design in scaffold optimization, this review seeks to pave the way for the development of innovative strategies and personalized solutions to address significant gaps in the current literature, mainly related to complex bone defects in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Cinici
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (B.C.); (M.K.)
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
- AYEM Innovation Anonim Sirketi, Cube Incubation Center, Technopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34890, Turkey;
| | - Sule Yaba
- AYEM Innovation Anonim Sirketi, Cube Incubation Center, Technopark Istanbul, Istanbul 34890, Turkey;
| | - Mustafa Kurt
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey; (B.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Huseyin C. Yalcin
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar;
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Liviu Duta
- Lasers Department, National Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Oguzhan Gunduz
- Center for Nanotechnology & Biomaterials Application and Research (NBUAM), Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Marmara University, Istanbul 34890, Turkey
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Fojtík F, Potrok R, Hajnyš J, Ma QP, Kudrna L, Měsíček J. Quantification and Analysis of Residual Stresses in Braking Pedal Produced via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Technology. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5766. [PMID: 37687459 PMCID: PMC10488369 DOI: 10.3390/ma16175766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This study focuses on the experimental verification of residual stress (RS) in a 3D-printed braking pedal using the Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) method with SS316L material. The RS was measured at two representative locations using the hole drilling method (HDM) and the dividing method, which are semi-destructive and destructive methods of RS measurement, respectively. The finite element method (FEM) was used with Ansys Workbench 2020R2 and Simufact Additive 2021 software to determine the magnitude of RS. The results provide insights into how RS is incorporated into metal 3D-printed components and the available tools for predicting RS. This information is essential for experts to improve the accuracy and functionality of SLM parts when post-subtractive or additive manufacturing processes are used. Overall, this study contributes to the advancement of knowledge on the effects of RS on 3D-printed metal components, which can inform future research and development in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Fojtík
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Potrok
- Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hajnyš
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.H.)
| | - Quoc-Phu Ma
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.H.)
| | - Lukáš Kudrna
- Department of Machine and Industrial Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Měsíček
- Department of Machining, Assembly and Engineering Metrology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 70800 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (J.H.)
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Thurzo A, Gálfiová P, Nováková ZV, Polák Š, Varga I, Strunga M, Urban R, Surovková J, Leško Ľ, Hajdúchová Z, Feranc J, Janek M, Danišovič Ľ. Fabrication and In Vitro Characterization of Novel Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds 3D Printed Using Polyvinyl Alcohol as a Thermoplastic Binder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314870. [PMID: 36499194 PMCID: PMC9736063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a proof-of-concept study on the biocolonization of 3D-printed hydroxyapatite scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Three-dimensional (3D) printed biomimetic bone structure made of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) intended as a future bone graft was made from newly developed composite material for FDM printing. The biopolymer polyvinyl alcohol serves in this material as a thermoplastic binder for 3D molding of the printed object with a passive function and is completely removed during sintering. The study presents the material, the process of fused deposition modeling (FDM) of CDHA scaffolds, and its post-processing at three temperatures (1200, 1300, and 1400 °C), as well it evaluates the cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of scaffolds with MTT and LDH release assays after 14 days. The study also includes a morphological evaluation of cellular colonization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in two different filament orientations (rectilinear and gyroid). The results of the MTT assay showed that the tested material was not toxic, and cells were preserved in both orientations, with most cells present on the material fired at 1300 °C. Results of the LDH release assay showed a slight increase in LDH leakage from all samples. Visual evaluation of SEM confirmed the ideal post-processing temperature of the 3D-printed FDM framework for samples fired at 1300 °C and 1400 °C, with a porosity of 0.3 mm between filaments. In conclusion, the presented fabrication and colonization of CDHA scaffolds have great potential to be used in the tissue engineering of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Thurzo
- Department of Orthodontics, Regenerative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (Ľ.D.)
| | - Paulína Gálfiová
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Varchulová Nováková
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, 92112 Piešťany, Slovakia
| | - Štefan Polák
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Varga
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81104 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Strunga
- Department of Orthodontics, Regenerative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Renáta Urban
- Department of Orthodontics, Regenerative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jana Surovková
- Department of Orthodontics, Regenerative and Aesthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81250 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Leško
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zora Hajdúchová
- Department of Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Feranc
- Department of Plastics, Rubber and Fibres, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Janek
- Department of Inorganic Materials, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 81237 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľuboš Danišovič
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetic, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 81108 Bratislava, Slovakia
- National Institute of Rheumatic Diseases, 92112 Piešťany, Slovakia
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (Ľ.D.)
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Clemens F, Sarraf F, Borzì A, Neels A, Hadian A. Material extrusion additive manufacturing of advanced ceramics: Towards the production of large components. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dorozhkin SV. Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4)-Based Bioceramics: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. COATINGS 2022; 12:1380. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12101380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Various types of materials have been traditionally used to restore damaged bones. In the late 1960s, a strong interest was raised in studying ceramics as potential bone grafts due to their biomechanical properties. A short time later, such synthetic biomaterials were called bioceramics. Bioceramics can be prepared from diverse inorganic substances, but this review is limited to calcium orthophosphate (CaPO4)-based formulations only, due to its chemical similarity to mammalian bones and teeth. During the past 50 years, there have been a number of important achievements in this field. Namely, after the initial development of bioceramics that was just tolerated in the physiological environment, an emphasis was shifted towards the formulations able to form direct chemical bonds with the adjacent bones. Afterwards, by the structural and compositional controls, it became possible to choose whether the CaPO4-based implants would remain biologically stable once incorporated into the skeletal structure or whether they would be resorbed over time. At the turn of the millennium, a new concept of regenerative bioceramics was developed, and such formulations became an integrated part of the tissue engineering approach. Now, CaPO4-based scaffolds are designed to induce bone formation and vascularization. These scaffolds are usually porous and harbor various biomolecules and/or cells. Therefore, current biomedical applications of CaPO4-based bioceramics include artificial bone grafts, bone augmentations, maxillofacial reconstruction, spinal fusion, and periodontal disease repairs, as well as bone fillers after tumor surgery. Prospective future applications comprise drug delivery and tissue engineering purposes because CaPO4 appear to be promising carriers of growth factors, bioactive peptides, and various types of cells.
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Liu M, Wang Y, Zhang S, Wei Q, Li X. Success Factors of Additive Manufactured Root Analogue Implants. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:360-378. [PMID: 34990114 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dental implantation is an effective method for the treatment of loose teeth, but the threaded dental implants used in the clinic cannot match with the tooth extraction socket. A root analogue implant (RAI) has the congruence shape, which reduces the damage to bone and soft tissue. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies have the advantages of high precision, flexibility, and easy operation, becoming the main manufacturing method of RAI in basic research. The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize AM technologies used for RAI manufacturing as well as the factors affecting successful implantation. First, it introduces the AM technologies according to different operating principles and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Then the influences of materials, structure design, surface characteristics, implant site, and positioning are discussed, providing reference for designers and dentists. Finally, it addresses the gap between basic research and clinical application for additive manufactured RAIs and discusses the current challenges and future research directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyan Liu
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yanen Wang
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Qinghua Wei
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xinpei Li
- Department of Industry Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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