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Lyu X, Seo Y, Han DH, Cho S, Kondo Y, Goto T, Sekino T. Porous Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramics Prepared by Cold Sintering Process Associated with Post-Annealing Technique. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:381. [PMID: 38255548 PMCID: PMC11154477 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Using melt-derived LD glass powders and 5-20 M NaOH solutions, porous lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5, LD) glass-ceramics were prepared by the cold sintering process (CSP) associated with the post-annealing technique. In this novel technique, H2O vapor originating from condensation reactions between residual Si-OH groups in cold-sintered LD glasses played the role of a foaming agent. With the increasing concentration of NaOH solutions, many more residual Si-OH groups appeared, and then rising trends in number as well as size were found for spherical pores formed in the resultant porous LD glass-ceramics. Correspondingly, the total porosities and average pore sizes varied from 25.6 ± 1.3% to 48.6 ± 1.9% and from 1.89 ± 0.68 μm to 13.40 ± 10.27 μm, respectively. Meanwhile, both the volume fractions and average aspect ratios of precipitated LD crystals within their pore walls presented progressively increasing tendencies, ranging from 55.75% to 76.85% and from 4.18 to 6.53, respectively. Young's modulus and the hardness of pore walls for resultant porous LD glass-ceramics presented remarkable enhancement from 56.9 ± 2.5 GPa to 79.1 ± 2.1 GPa and from 4.6 ± 0.9 GPa to 8.1 ± 0.8 GPa, whereas their biaxial flexural strengths dropped from 152.0 ± 6.8 MPa to 77.4 ± 5.4 MPa. Using H2O vapor as a foaming agent, this work reveals that CSP associated with the post-annealing technique is a feasible and eco-friendly methodology by which to prepare porous glass-ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xigeng Lyu
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Yeongjun Seo
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Do Hyung Han
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Sunghun Cho
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Yoshifumi Kondo
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
| | - Tomoyo Goto
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tohru Sekino
- SANKEN (The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research), Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki 567-0047, Osaka, Japan; (X.L.); (Y.S.); (D.H.H.); (S.C.); (Y.K.); (T.G.)
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Fan S, Zhao F, Wang X, Wang Q, Zhao Q, Li J, Liu G. Phosphorus-doped potassium peroxyniobate electrocatalyst with enriched oxygen vacancy boosts electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction to ammonia. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:11163-11168. [DOI: 10.1039/d2dt01501c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical ammonia synthesis is an environmentally friendly method for ammonia production, but still impeded by the bottleneck of N2 activation and challenging hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Rational design and develop...
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