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Wang Z, Zeng S, Wang Y, Wang T, Qu H, Zhu Y, Li J. Reproductive Disorders in Donkeys: Current Evidence and Update. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2494. [PMID: 39272279 PMCID: PMC11394589 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Reproductive disorders in donkeys present a significant challenge to their health and welfare, impacting their roles in agriculture, conservation, and companionship. With the development of large-scale donkey farming in recent years, reproductive disorders have become a limiting factor for the expansion of the donkey population. In general, donkeys suffer from a similar array of diseases like horses, but little is known about the specificities of donkey reproductive disorders. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the pathogenesis, distribution, presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of a diverse array of reproductive disorders affecting donkeys. There are similar infectious and non-infectious causes for infertility and pregnancy loss in jennies compared with mares, but a difference in disease susceptibility does exist, which may be attributed to genetic influence, pathogen specificity, the environment, and reproductive management practices. Diagnostic and treatment plans need to be tailored towards the particularities of donkey reproductive disorders to increase donkey populations and to enhance the standard of care for this species. Enhancing reproductive health in donkeys not only ensures their sustainable use but also promotes their welfare and longevity in diverse human-animal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenming Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yantao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shandong Dong-E Black Donkey Animal Husbandry Technology Co., Ltd., Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- National Engineering Research Center for Gelatin-Based Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dong-E-E-Jiao Co., Ltd., Liaocheng 252200, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Li
- Equine Clinical Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- National Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health and Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Claaßen S, Aurich J, Walter I, Gautier C, Aurich C. Abundance of Anti-Muellerian hormone in cat ovaries and correlation of its plasma concentration with animal age, weight and stage of the estrous cycle. Theriogenology 2023; 212:30-36. [PMID: 37689028 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
In female animals of different species, Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is produced by follicular granulosa cells and has been associated with the ovarian follicle pool. Because concentration of AMH in plasma of ovary-intact female cats is apparently more variable than previously assumed, we have analysed AMH concentration in blood of cats (n = 93) presented for routine ovariectomy and assessed ovarian histology and AMH protein expression in the surgically removed ovaries. We hypothesised that AMH is synthesized only in preantral and small antral follicles and that plasma AMH concentration reflects the antral follicle count (AFC). Corpora lutea were detected in 35% of the female cats, whereas plasma progesterone concentration was ≥1 ng/mL in 57% of the cats. Follicular cysts were present in 15 cats (16%). Positive immunostaining for AMH protein was detected in close to all primordial and antral follicles, ovarian cysts, 70% of corpora lutea and 28% of atretic follicles. Concentration of AMH in plasma averaged 6.8 ± 0.5 ng/mL (range 1.3-21.7 ng/mL). The AFC increased with increasing AMH concentration with a moderate positive correlation between AFC and AMH (r = 0.286, p < 0.01). Plasma AMH concentration was not affected by season or cats' age, weight, stage of the estrous cycle and presence of follicular cysts. In conclusion, AMH protein is expressed in all endocrine structures of the cat ovary. While AMH is a marker for the presence of ovarian tissue, its usefulness to assess ovarian function in individual female cats is of limited value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Claaßen
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jörg Aurich
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Walter
- VetCore Facility for Research/VetBiobank, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Morphology, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Camille Gautier
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Aurich
- Artificial Insemination and Embryo Transfer, Department for Small Animals and Horses, Vetmeduni Vienna, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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Ortega‐Ferrusola C, Gómez‐Arrones V, Martín‐Cano FE, Gil MC, Peña FJ, Gaitskell‐Phillips G, Da Silva‐Álvarez E. Advances in the ultrasound diagnosis in equine reproductive medicine: New approaches. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57 Suppl 5:34-44. [PMID: 35748405 PMCID: PMC9796632 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound technology has led to new lines of research in equine reproduction, and it has helped to greatly improve clinical diagnosis and reproductive outcomes in equine practice. This review aims to discuss the potential clinical uses and new approaches of ultrasonography in equine reproduction. Doppler modalities are usually used to evaluate the vascularization of the follicles, corpus luteum (CL), and the uterus in the mare for diagnostic purposes. Inclusion of Doppler ultrasound in artificial insemination and embryo transfer programs could improve the reproductive outcome of these techniques. Better selection of recipients based on CL functionality, early pregnancy diagnosis 7-8 days postovulation of the donor before flushing or diagnosis of mares with endometritis with pathological increases of blood flow are examples of clinical applications in the mare. In the stallion, colour Doppler ultrasound has improved the diagnostic potential of B-mode ultrasound, improving the differential diagnosis of pathologies such as testicular torsion (decrease or absence of blood flow in the cord) and orchitis (increased blood flow in the cord). The incorporation of pulsed Doppler ultrasound into the reproductive evaluation of the stallion has enabled early identification of stallions with testicular dysfunction, thus allowing administration of timely treatment and subsequent improvements of the fertility prognosis for these animals. In addition, this technique has been used in the monitoring of patients undergoing medical and surgical treatments, thus verifying their efficacy. Recently, computer-assisted pixel analysis using specific software has been performed in research work in order to semi-quantitatively evaluate the vascularization (colour and power Doppler) and echotexture of different organs. These softwares are now being developed for clinical purposes, as is the case with Ecotext, a computer program developed for the evaluation of testicular echotexture, providing information on testicular functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Ortega‐Ferrusola
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | | | - Francisco E. Martín‐Cano
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Mari Cruz Gil
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Fernando J. Peña
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Gemma Gaitskell‐Phillips
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
| | - Eva Da Silva‐Álvarez
- Laboratory of Equine Reproduction and Equine Spermatology, Veterinary Teaching HospitalUniversity of ExtremaduraCáceresSpain
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Benammar A, Derisoud E, Vialard F, Palmer E, Ayoubi JM, Poulain M, Chavatte-Palmer P. The Mare: A Pertinent Model for Human Assisted Reproductive Technologies? Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2304. [PMID: 34438761 PMCID: PMC8388489 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are large differences between horses and humans for reproductive anatomy, follicular dynamics, mono-ovulation, and embryo development kinetics until the blastocyst stage are similar. In contrast to humans, however, horses are seasonal animals and do not have a menstrual cycle. Moreover, horse implantation takes place 30 days later than in humans. In terms of artificial reproduction techniques (ART), oocytes are generally matured in vitro in horses because ovarian stimulation remains inefficient. This allows the collection of oocytes without hormonal treatments. In humans, in vivo matured oocytes are collected after ovarian stimulation. Subsequently, only intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is performed in horses to produce embryos, whereas both in vitro fertilization and ICSI are applied in humans. Embryos are transferred only as blastocysts in horses. In contrast, four cells to blastocyst stage embryos are transferred in humans. Embryo and oocyte cryopreservation has been mastered in humans, but not completely in horses. Finally, both species share infertility concerns due to ageing and obesity. Thus, reciprocal knowledge could be gained through the comparative study of ART and infertility treatments both in woman and mare, even though the horse could not be used as a single model for human ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achraf Benammar
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Emilie Derisoud
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - François Vialard
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Eric Palmer
- Académie d’Agriculture de France, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Jean Marc Ayoubi
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Marine Poulain
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Foch Hospital, 92150 Suresnes, France
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France; (A.B.); (E.D.); (F.V.); (J.M.A.); (M.P.)
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort, BREED, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Crabtree J. Update on the management of the anovulatory follicle in horses. IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.m994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Embryo survival in the oviduct not significantly influenced by major histocompatibility complex social signaling in the horse. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1056. [PMID: 31974438 PMCID: PMC6978320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58056-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) influences sexual selection in various vertebrates. Recently, MHC-linked social signaling was also shown to influence female fertility in horses (Equus caballus) diagnosed 17 days after fertilization. However, it remained unclear at which stage the pregnancy was terminated. Here we test if MHC-linked cryptic female choice in horses happens during the first days of pregnancy, i.e., until shortly after embryonic entrance into the uterus and before fixation in the endometrium. We exposed estrous mares to one of several unrelated stallions, instrumentally inseminated them with semen of another stallion, and flushed the uterus 8 days later to test for the presence of embryos. In total 68 embryos could be collected from 97 experimental trials. This success rate of 70.1% was significantly different from the mean pregnancy rate of 45.7% observed 17 days after fertilization using the same experimental protocol but without embryo flushing. Embryo recovery rate was not significantly dependent on whether the mares had been socially exposed to an MHC-dissimilar or an MHC-similar stallion. These observations suggest that MHC-linked maternal strategies affect embryo survival mainly (or only) during the time of fixation in the uterus.
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El-Shahat K, Abo El-Maaty A, Helmy M, El Baghdady Y. Power and colour Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of the ovarian and uterine haemodynamics of infertile mares. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2019-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to investigate the haemodynamics of the ovary and uterus in infertile mares using power and colour Doppler ultrasonography. Forty-seven Arabian mares were handled in the current work through several examinations. Based on the breeding history complaints, physical, vaginal examination and Doppler examination, 12 mares were found to be suffering from abnormal ovarian structures (Experiment I). In addition, nine mares with normal cyclic activity were kept as control. Another 16 mares were found to suffer from abnormal uterine conditions and 10 mares with normal uterine findings served as control (Experiment II). Blood flows to the anovulatory follicle, ovarian inactivity, granulosa cell tumour were compared to those to the dominant follicle and luteal blood flow. Uterine blood flow of cysts, abnormal uterine fluids (endometritis) during estrus and diestrus were compared to normal uterine vascularisation during estrus, diestrus and post-mating. Results showed that granulosa cell tumour had the highest red colour blood flow and total colour blood flow area. Blue colour blood flow area of the corpus luteum was higher compared to the dominant follicle and inactive ovary. Uteri with uterine cyst and abnormal uterine fluids during estrus of infertile mares had high red colour blood flow, blue colour blood flow and power blood flow areas compared to normal uterus during estrus. It could be concluded that Doppler ultrasound could distinguish between normal ovaries with normal or abnormal structures. Moreover, the increased uterine blood flow area of mares with abnormal fluids in their uteri (endometritis) and uterine cysts could be distinguished by comparison to the normal uterine blood flow during estrus.
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Martínez-Boví R, Zagrajczuk A, Donadeu FX, Skarzynski DJ, Piotrowska-Tomala K, Cuervo-Arango J. Effects of follicular ablation and induced luteolysis on LH and follicular fluid factors during the periovulatory period in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 209:106142. [PMID: 31514932 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Haemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) are the most common pathological anovulatory condition in the mare. To enhance understanding of the physiopathology of HAFs, the aim of the present study was to determine the effects of an induced-follicular wave on LH concentrations and follicular fluid factors relevant to the ovulatory process. Mares were allocated to treatment or control groups (n = 7/group) in a crossed over design during 14 oestrous cycles with a period of one cycle occurring when there were no treatments between the times when treatments were administered. In the treatment group, all antral follicles ≥8 mm were ablated on Day 10 after ovulation followed by administration of a luteolytic dose of PGF2α. All mares of both groups were treated with 1500 IU of hCG when a follicle ≥32 mm was detected (Hour 0), and follicular fluid was aspirated 35 h later. Blood samples were collected every 48 h from Day 10 until Hour 0 from all mares. Follicular fluid was assayed for PGE2, estradiol and progesterone. Plasma was assayed for LH concentrations. A follicular wave followed follicle ablation in the treated mares. Concentrations of LH were greater (P = 0.05) in mares ot the treatment compared with control group. Concentrations of PGE2, estradiol and progesterone in follicular fluid did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Treatment resulted in an earlier increase in circulating LH, however, there was no effect on concentrations of intra-follicular PGE2, estradiol or progesterone in hCG-stimulated preovulatory follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martínez-Boví
- Departamento de Medicina y Ciugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities, 46115, Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain.
| | - A Zagrajczuk
- University Center of Veterinary Medicine, Jagiellonian University-University of Agriculture, 31-120, Krakow, Poland; Essential Equine Nutrition, 70 West Street, Toowoomba, QLD, 4350, Australia
| | - F X Donadeu
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - D J Skarzynski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of The Polish Academy of Science, Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - K Piotrowska-Tomala
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of The Polish Academy of Science, Department of Reproductive Immunology and Pathology, 10-747, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - J Cuervo-Arango
- Department of Equine Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Martinez de Andino EV, Brom-de-Luna JG, Canesin HS, Rader K, Resende HL, Ripley AM, Love CC, Hinrichs K. Intrafollicular oocyte transfer in the horse: effect of autologous vs. allogeneic transfer and time of administration of ovulatory stimulus before transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet 2019; 36:1237-1250. [PMID: 31073725 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-019-01460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess meiotic and developmental competence after transfer of immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) to the preovulatory follicles of mares (intrafollicular oocyte transfer (IFOT)). METHODS In Experiment 1, mares received an ovulatory stimulus at IFOT. Thirty hours later, COCs were recovered from the follicle, and mature oocytes underwent ICSI and embryo culture. In Experiments 2 and 3, autologous vs. allogeneic COCs were used. The mares were inseminated and embryos were recovered. In Experiment 3, the ovulatory stimulus was administered 9 h (autologous) and 15 h (allogeneic) before IFOT. In Experiment 4, only allogeneic COCs were used; the ovulatory stimulus was administered 9 or 15 h before IFOT. Excess embryos (autologous) and parentage-verified embryos (allogeneic) were considered IFOT-derived. RESULTS In Experiment 1, 36/54 IFOT oocytes (67%) were recovered, of which 56% were mature, vs. 49% of in vitro matured oocytes (P > 0.1). After ICSI, blastocyst rates were 25% and 18%, respectively (P > 0.1). In Experiment 2, 0/6 autologous and 2/6 allogeneic IFOT yielded IFOT-derived embryos. In Experiment 3, 0/7 autologous and 2/5 allogeneic IFOT yielded IFOT-derived embryos. The proportion of mares yielding IFOT-derived embryos was lower after autologous vs. allogeneic IFOT (0/13 vs. 4/11; P < 0.05). In Experiment 4, 1/8 9-h and 1/7 15-h IFOT yielded IFOT-derived embryos. CONCLUSIONS Transferred oocytes mature within the follicle and can maintain developmental competence. Allogeneic IFOT was more efficient than was autologous IFOT. The time of ovulatory stimulation did not affect embryo yield. The IFOT procedure is still not repeatable enough to be recommended for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Martinez de Andino
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - J G Brom-de-Luna
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - H S Canesin
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - K Rader
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - H L Resende
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA
| | - A M Ripley
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - C C Love
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA
| | - K Hinrichs
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843-4475, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, 4466 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843-4466, USA.
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Abo El-Maaty AM, El Baghdady Y, ElShahat KA, Helmy MA, Abdelnaby EA. Treated and untreated anovulation associated with ovarian and uterine blood flow in Arabian mares (a case study). ROCZNIKI NAUKOWE POLSKIEGO TOWARZYSTWA ZOOTECHNICZNEGO 2018. [DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0013.5083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the development of treated and untreated hormonal anovulatory follicles (AnOV) associated with uterine and ovarian vascularization, rectal Doppler ultrasound of seven Arabian mares was performed before and after the development of an AnOV. In addition to measuring the diameter, area and volume of the follicle, daily colour and power Doppler scans were analysed in order to measure red, blue and power blood flow areas in pixels. Serum levels of estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), leptin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured as well. The diameter (cm), area (cm2), volume (cm3), area in pixels, antral area in pixels, circumference, and percentage change in circulation of the AnOV progressively increased (P<0.0001) after the disappearance of uterine oedema compared to the values obtained during oedema. The blue, total colour and power areas of the AnOV increased after the disappearance of uterine oedema (P<0.0001). When the antral area was excluded, the percentage of the granulosa layer in the colour and power Doppler decreased after the disappearance of uterine oedema. The ipsilateral uterine horn and uterine body had significantly (P<0.0001) high blue and red blood flow vascularization areas in the presence of uterine oedema. The AnOV was associated with low P4, IGF-1 (P<0.001), and leptin (P<0.05). Treatment of the AnOV follicle with GnRH resulted in its luteinization and induced ovulation 9 and 30 days later. It can be concluded that an abrupt increase in blood flow due to decreased progesterone and E2 and increased IGF-1 causes anovulation. The absence of oestrous behaviour and high uterine-oedema-associated follicular and ipsilateral uterine horn vascularization are predictors of ovulation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal M. Abo El-Maaty
- National Research Center Veterinary Division Animal Reproduction and AI Department
| | - Yehia El Baghdady
- Cairo University (Egypt) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Theriogenology Department
| | - Khalid A. ElShahat
- Cairo University (Egypt) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Theriogenology Department
| | - Mahmoud A. Helmy
- Cairo University (Egypt) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Theriogenology Department
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Davis KA, Klohonatz KM, Mora DS, Twenter HM, Graham PE, Pinedo P, Eckery DC, Bruemmer JE. Effects of immunization against bone morphogenetic protein-15 and growth differentiation factor-9 on ovarian function in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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12
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Follicle growth and endocrine dynamics in women with spontaneous luteinized unruptured follicles versus ovulation. Hum Reprod 2018; 33:1130-1140. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dey082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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13
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Tazawa SP, Gastal MO, Silva LA, Evans MJ, Gastal EL. Preovulatory Follicle Dynamics, and Ovulatory and Endometrial Responses to Different Doses of hCG and Prediction of Ovulation in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Meyers-Brown GA, Loud MC, Hyland JC, Roser JF. Deep anestrous mares under natural photoperiod treated with recombinant equine FSH (reFSH) and LH (reLH) have fertile ovulations and become pregnant. Theriogenology 2017; 98:108-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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15
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Abdelnaby EA, Abo El-Maaty AM. Dynamics of Follicular Blood Flow, Antrum Growth, and Angiogenic Mediators in Mares From Deviation to Ovulation. J Equine Vet Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Novel Long-Acting Progesterone Protocols Used to Successfully Synchronize Donor and Recipient Mares With Satisfactory Pregnancy and Pregnancy Loss Rates. J Equine Vet Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Bashir ST, Gastal MO, Tazawa SP, Tarso SGS, Hales DB, Cuervo-Arango J, Baerwald AR, Gastal EL. The mare as a model for luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome: intrafollicular endocrine milieu. Reproduction 2016; 151:271-83. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-15-0457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Luteinized unruptured follicle (LUF) syndrome is a recurrent anovulatory dysfunction that affects up to 23% of women with normal menstrual cycles and up to 73% with endometriosis. Mechanisms underlying the development of LUF syndrome in mares were studied to provide a potential model for human anovulation. The effect of extended increase in circulating LH achieved by administration of recombinant equine LH (reLH) or a short surge of LH and decrease in progesterone induced by prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) on LUF formation (Experiment 1), identification of an optimal dose of COX-2 inhibitor (flunixin meglumine, FM; to block the effect of prostaglandins) for inducing LUFs (Experiment 2), and evaluation of intrafollicular endocrine milieu in LUFs (Experiment 3) were investigated. In Experiment 1, mares were treated with reLH from Day 7 to Day 15 (Day 0=ovulation), PGF2α on Day 7, or in combination. In Experiment 2, FM at doses of 2.0 or 3.0 mg/kg every 12 h and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (1500 IU) were administered after a follicle ≥32 mm was detected. In Experiment 3, FM at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg every 12 h plus hCG was used to induce LUFs and investigate the intrafollicular endocrine milieu. No LUFs were induced by reLH or PGF2α treatment; however, LUFs were induced in 100% of mares using FM. Intrafollicular PGF2α metabolite, PGF2α, and PGE2were lower and the ratio of PGE2:PGF2α was higher in the induced LUF group. Higher levels of intrafollicular E2 and total primary sex steroids were observed in the induced LUF group along with a tendency for higher levels of GH, cortisol, and T; however, LH, PRL, VEGF-A, and NO did not differ between groups. In conclusion, this study reveals part of the intrafollicular endocrine milieu and the association of prostaglandins in LUF formation, and indicates that the mare might be an appropriate model for studying the poorly understood LUF syndrome.
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Martínez-Boví R, Cuervo-Arango J. Intrafollicular treatment with prostaglandins PGE2and PGF2αinhibits the formation of luteinised unruptured follicles and restores normal ovulation in mares treated with flunixin-meglumine. Equine Vet J 2015; 48:211-7. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Martínez-Boví
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad CEU; Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Spain
| | - J. Cuervo-Arango
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal; Facultad de Veterinaria; Universidad CEU; Cardenal Herrera Alfara del Patriarca Spain
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Beltman ME, Walsh SW, Canty MJ, Duffy P, Crowe MA. Hormonal composition of follicular fluid from abnormal follicular structures in mares. Res Vet Sci 2014; 97:488-90. [PMID: 25458491 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to characterise the hormonal composition of follicular fluid from mares with distinct anovulatory-cystic follicles. Follicular fluid was aspirated from six mares that presented with cystic follicles and from pre-ovulatory follicles of five normal mares (controls). Differences in progesterone, oestradiol, testosterone, IGF-I and IGF binding were analysed using Fisher's exact test. There were greater (P < 0.03) follicular fluid oestradiol concentrations in normal follicles and the testosterone concentration of the cystic fluid was greater (P < 0.05) than that of the normal fluid. There also was a greater (P < 0.03) percentage of IGF-I binding and lower (P < 0.02) IGF-I concentrations in the fluid collected from the cystic structures compared with the fluid from normal follicles. Despite the limited number of animals, the fact that fluid aspirated from cystic follicles had higher testosterone and lower oestradiol concentrations could be of diagnostic value when a practitioner wants to distinguish between a cystic and non-cystic persistent follicle. The research reported here also indicates a likely role for the IGF system in the pathogenesis of the development and maintenance of anovulatory follicular structures in mare ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Beltman
- UCD School Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - S W Walsh
- UCD School Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M J Canty
- Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine, Backweston Campus, Youngs Cross Celbridge, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - P Duffy
- UCD School Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M A Crowe
- UCD School Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Ireland
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Martínez-Boví R, Zagrajczuk A, Domingo-Ortiz R, Cuervo-Arango J. The Effect of Sulpiride Treatment During the Periovulatory Period on Prolactin Concentration and Ovulation in the Mare. J Equine Vet Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2014.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Ginther OJ. How ultrasound technologies have expanded and revolutionized research in reproduction in large animals. Theriogenology 2014; 81:112-25. [PMID: 24274416 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Gray-scale ultrasonic imaging (UI) was introduced in 1980 and initially was used to examine clinically the reproductive tract of mares. By 1983 in mares and 1984 in heifers/cows, UI had become a tool for basic research. In each species, transrectal gray-scale UI has been used extensively to characterize follicle dynamics and investigate the gonadotropic control and hormonal role of the follicles. However, the use of transrectal UI has also disclosed and characterized many other aspects of reproduction in each species, including (1) endometrial echotexture as a biological indicator of circulating estradiol concentrations, (2) relative location of the genital tubercle for fetal gender diagnosis by Days 50 to 60, and (3) timing of follicle evacuation during ovulation. Discoveries in mares include (1) embryo mobility wherein the spherical conceptus (6-16 mm) travels to all parts of the uterus on Days 11 to 15, (2) how one embryo of a twin set eliminates the other without self-inflicted damage, and (3) serration of the granulosum of the preovulatory follicle opposite to the future rupture site as an indicator of imminent ovulation. Studies with color-Doppler UI have shown that vascular perfusion of the endometrium follows the equine embryo back and forth between uterine horns and follows the expansion of the bovine allantochorion throughout each horn. In heifers, blood flow in the CL increases during the ascending portion of an individual pulse of PGF2α metabolite and then decreases. These examples highlight the power of UI in reproduction research. Without UI, it is likely that these and many other findings would still be unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Ginther
- Eutheria Foundation, Cross Plains, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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22
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Plasma steroid hormone concentrations and blood flow of the ovarian structures of the female dromedary (Camelus dromedarius) during growth, dominance, spontaneous ovulation, luteinization and regression of the follicular wave. Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 148:137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Schauer SN, Sontakke SD, Watson ED, Esteves CL, Donadeu FX. Involvement of miRNAs in equine follicle development. Reproduction 2013; 146:273-82. [PMID: 23813447 DOI: 10.1530/rep-13-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous evidence from in vitro studies suggests specific roles for a subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-23a, miR-145, miR-503, miR-224, miR-383, miR-378, miR-132, and miR-212, in regulating ovarian follicle development. The objective of this study was to determine changes in the levels of these miRNAs in relation to follicle selection, maturation, and ovulation in the monovular equine ovary. In Experiment 1, follicular fluid was aspirated during ovulatory cycles from the dominant (DO) and largest subordinate (S) follicles of an ovulatory wave and the dominant (DA) follicle of a mid-cycle anovulatory wave (n=6 mares). Follicular fluid levels of progesterone and estradiol were lower (P<0.01) in S follicles than in DO follicles, whereas mean levels of IGF1 were lower (P<0.01) in S and DA follicles than in DO follicles. Relative to DO and DA follicles, S follicles had higher (P≤0.01) follicular fluid levels of miR-145 and miR-378. In Experiment 2, follicular fluid and granulosa cells were aspirated from dominant follicles before (DO) and 24 h after (L) administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG (n=5 mares/group). Relative to DO follicles, L follicles had higher follicular fluid levels of progesterone (P=0.05) and lower granulosa cell levels of CYP19A1 and LHCGR (P<0.005). Levels of miR-21, miR-132, miR-212, and miR-224 were increased (P<0.05) in L follicles; this was associated with reduced expression of the putative miRNA targets, PTEN, RASA1, and SMAD4. These novel results may indicate a physiological involvement of miR-21, miR-145, miR-224, miR-378, miR-132, and miR-212 in the regulation of cell survival, steroidogenesis, and differentiation during follicle selection and ovulation in the monovular ovary.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N Schauer
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. Ultrasound Confirmation of Ovulation in Mares: A Normal Corpus Luteum or a Haemorrhagic Anovulatory Follicle? Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:105-11. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Collins CW, Songsasen NS, Vick MM, Wolfe BA, Weiss RB, Keefer CL, Monfort SL. Abnormal reproductive patterns in Przewalski's mares are associated with a loss in gene diversity. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:28. [PMID: 21900686 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The ex situ population of the Przewalski's horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) is not self-sustaining (20% foaling rate), and the demography is skewed toward aging individuals with low gene diversity. We designed the present study to gain a better understanding of the reproductive biology of the Przewalski's mare and to determine whether age and gene diversity influenced reproductive function. Urine samples were collected 3-7 days/wk from 19 mares from May to September, and ultrasound examinations of follicular structures were performed 3 days/wk for 5 wk from May through July in nine individuals. A high proportion of mares exhibited abnormal (endocrine, 5 [26.3%] of 19; follicular, 2 [22.2%] of 9) or acyclic (endocrine, 4 [21.1%] of 19; follicular, 3 [33.3%] of 9) reproductive patterns. In four cyclic mares, estrous cycle length was 25.1 ± 1.2 days, with 12.2 ± 0.9 days of diestrus. Follicles in cyclic mares grew 1.2 ± 0.6 mm per day and ovulated after reaching 40.4 ± 8.9 mm. Mares with a high coefficient of inbreeding excreted reduced levels of mean urinary estrogens (r(2) = 0.476, P < 0.05), but age had no significant impact on reproductive patterns in this population. Overall, these data suggest that long-term genetic management of this population is necessary to maintain reproductive fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wynne Collins
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA.
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Crabtree JR, Chang Y, de Mestre AM. Clinical presentation, treatment and possible causes of persistent endometrial cups illustrated by two cases. EQUINE VET EDUC 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-3292.2011.00354.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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27
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Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. Ultrasound characteristics of experimentally induced luteinized unruptured follicles (LUF) and naturally occurring hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAF) in the mare. Theriogenology 2011; 77:514-24. [PMID: 21958645 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The development of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAF) involves luteinization and hemorrhage of the follicle. This is observed on ultrasound as an increase in the echogenicity of the granulosa layer and formation of echoic particles in the antrum. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with flunixin meglumine (FM) during the periovulatory period induces ovulatory failure with development of luteinized unruptured follicles (LUF). These two types of anovulatory follicles appear to share similar ultrasound features but they have not been compared critically. The following endpoints: follicle diameter, follicular contents score, interval from hCG administration to beginning of follicular hemorrhage, interval from hemorrhage to organization of follicular contents, and cycle length were studied and compared in mares with HAF (n = 11) and LUF (n = 13). The objective of this study was to elucidate whether these two unruptured follicles have a consistent clinical pattern of development and therefore can be considered as part of the same anovulatory syndrome. None of the endpoints analyzed differed significantly between HAF and LUF. However, there was a greater individual variation in HAF as compared with LUF in regards to interval from hCG to hemorrhage, follicular diameter at the administration of hCG, and beginning of hemorrhage. In conclusion, HAF share a similar cascade of ultrasound characteristics with the experimentally induced LUF. This finding may provide new insights in elucidating the pathogenesis of HAF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cuervo-Arango
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, Moncada, Valencia, Spain.
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28
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Ginther O, Cuervo-Arango J, Beg M. Disruption of periovulatory FSH and LH surges during induced anovulation by an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis in mares. Anim Reprod Sci 2011; 126:91-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Cuervo-Arango J. The Effect of Systemic Administration of Cloprostenol on Ovulation in Mares Treated with a Prostaglandin Synthetase Inhibitor. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:32-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01796.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Schauer S, Briant C, Ottogalli M, Decourt C, Handel I, Donadeu F. Supplementation of equine early spring transitional follicles with luteinizing hormone stimulates follicle growth but does not restore steroidogenic activity. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1076-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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31
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Cuervo-Arango J, Domingo-Ortiz R. Systemic treatment with high dose of flunixin-meglumine is able to block ovulation in mares by inducing hemorrhage and luteinisation of follicles. Theriogenology 2011; 75:707-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Raz T, Gray A, Hunter B, Card C. Early effects of equine FSH (eFSH) treatment on hormonal and reproductive parameters in mares intended to carry their own pregnancy. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 115:76-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 10/25/2008] [Accepted: 11/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. The effect of hormone treatments (hCG and cloprostenol) and season on the incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles in the mare: a field study. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1262-7. [PMID: 19783288 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between use of hormone treatments to induce estrus and ovulation and the incidence of hemorrhagic anovulatory follicles (HAFs) was studied in a mixed population of mares (Equus caballus) during two breeding seasons in a commercial breeding clinic. Mares treated with cloprostenol (CLO) were more likely to develop HAFs than were mares with spontaneous cycles (P<0.001) or those treated with human chorionic gonadotropin alone (P=0.08). There was no significant effect of season on the incidence of HAFs. The mean (+/-SEM) interval from CLO treatment to beginning of HAF development was 6.1+/-0.5 d. Age of mares with HAF cycles was not different (12+/-1.3 yr; P>0.05) from that of mares with ovulatory cycles (10.5+/-1.5 yr).
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34
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Ginther O, Al-Mamun M. Increased Frequency of Double Ovulations after Induction of Luteolysis with Exogenous Prostaglandin F2α. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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35
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Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. The Effect of Cloprostenol on the Incidence of Multiple Ovulation and Anovulatory Hemorrhagic Follicles in Two Mares: A Case Report. J Equine Vet Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2009.04.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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36
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Raz T, Card C. Efficiency of superovulation and in vivo embryo production in eFSH-treated donor mares after estrus synchronization with progesterone and estradiol-17beta. Theriogenology 2009; 72:169-78. [PMID: 19344941 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Revised: 01/25/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reliable methods of regulating estrus and stimulating superovulations in equine embryo transfer programs are desirable. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of a progesterone and estradiol-17beta (P&E) estrus synchronization regimen in mares with and without subsequent equine follicle-stimulating hormone (eFSH) treatment and to examine the effects of eFSH on folliculogenesis and embryo production. Cycling mares were treated with P&E daily for 10 d. On the final P&E treatment day, prostaglandin F(2alpha) was administered, and mares were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (n=20 mares/group). In both groups, mares were examined daily by transrectal ultrasonography. In the eFSH group, twice-daily eFSH treatments were initiated at follicle diameter 20 to 25 mm and ceased at follicle > or =35 mm; human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) was administered after 36 h. In the control group, eFSH treatments were not given, but hCG was administered at follicle > or =35 mm. Mares were inseminated with fresh semen, and embryo recovery attempts were performed 8 d postovulation. Synchrony of ovulations within each group appeared to be similar. Six mares in the eFSH group failed to ovulate. The eFSH treatment resulted in higher (P<0.05) numbers of preovulatory follicles and ovulations; however, embryo recovery rate did not increase (eFSH 1.0+/-0.4 vs. control 0.95+/-0.1 embryos/recovery attempt), and embryo per ovulation rate was significantly lower (36% vs. 73%). The eFSH-treated mares had significantly higher frequency of nonovulatory follicles (28% vs. 0) and higher periovulatory serum concentrations of estradiol-17beta. Based on our findings, combined P&E and eFSH regimens cannot be recommended for cycling donor mares.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Raz
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Cuervo-Arango J, Newcombe JR. Risk Factors for the Development of Haemorrhagic Anovulatory Follicles in the Mare. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 45:473-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01260.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Vest DJ. Oviductal Adenoma in a Mare. J Equine Vet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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39
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Gastal E, Jacob J, Gastal M, Ginther O. Accumulation of Fluid in the Infundibulum During the Estrous Cycle in Mares. J Equine Vet Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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