1
|
Paz L, Beck Júnior A, Engelmann A, Mucha J, Frank M, Pereira R, Krause A, Côrte FDL. Effects of breed, age and gender on equine platelet rich plasma and correlation of platelet count with its physical aspect. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Platelet rich plasma samples from 50 healthy horses of five different breeds (Thoroughbreds - TB, Brazilian Criollo Horses - BCH, Brazilian Sport Horses - BSH, Miniature Horses - MH and Crossbred Horses - CB), were investigated as to breed, age, and gender effect for platelet concentration. Moreover, a score for physical analysis was established to correlate PRP physical aspect with platelet count. Platelet count was performed by an automatic hematology analyzer and by manual count. PRP physical analysis was based on color, aspect, and capacity to separate blood components. MH showed significant higher platelet concentration than BSH (p<0.05), while the other breed comparisons showed no significant difference. There was no significant difference for gender but there was a weak correlation of age with PRP platelet concentrations (rs = -0.24). Most of the PRP presented yellow color, the separation of blood components showed no correlation, but the aspect showed a moderate correlation (rs = 0.30) with platelet count. Results suggest that PRP platelet concentration can be influenced by intrinsic factors such as breed. Additionally, the analysis of PRP aspect can help to evaluate the quality of the product when there is no access to platelet counts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L.B. Paz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - M.I. Frank
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - A. Krause
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tomlinson F, Terschuur J, Henson F. Use of autologous products for the treatment of joint and soft tissue disease in horses: A systematic review. Vet Rec 2021; 188:e9. [PMID: 34651853 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue injuries and joint disease are the predominate causes of lameness in the equine athlete and these pathologies carry a guarded prognosis for a return to previous performance. Recently the use of autologous products has become more widespread as a treatment in equine sports medicine. However, the efficacy of these products is yet to be fully established. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the current published evidence base regarding the efficacy of autologous products in soft tissue injuries and joint disease. METHODS A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science databases from 1980 to 2017. The search strategy identified 1594 papers for review. RESULTS Fifty-eight papers were included in this review, 28 of which were randomised controlled trials. Significant benefit was reported under several parameters, most notably in the use of autologous chondrocytes in artificially induced cartilage defects on histology. One paper documented a significant clinical response under lameness examination. CONCLUSION The current literature shows that the treatment of soft tissue injury and cartilage disease with autologous products is safe and that the use of some products can give significant benefit on some outcome measures. True clinical significance is yet to be demonstrated with any product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Janine Terschuur
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances Henson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Segabinazzi LGTM, Podico G, Rosser MF, Nanjappa SG, Alvarenga MA, Canisso IF. Three Manual Noncommercial Methods to Prepare Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1478. [PMID: 34063777 PMCID: PMC8223772 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In light of PRP's increasing popularity in veterinary practice, this study aimed to compare three manual methods to prepare and cool equine PRP. The blood of 18 clinically healthy mares was collected via venipuncture in a blood transfusion bag (method 1), blood tubes (method 2), and a syringe (method 3). In method 1, samples were double centrifuged; method 2 involved one centrifugation, and in method 3 the syringe was kept in an upright position to sediment for 4 h. After processing with three methods, PRP and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) were extracted and assessed for red (RBC) and white blood cell counts (WBC), platelet counts, and viability. In a subset of mares (n = 6), samples were processed with the three methods, and PRP was evaluated at 6 and 24 h postcooling at 5 °C. Method 1 resulted in the highest and method 3 in the lowest platelet concentration (p < 0.05), and the latter also had greater contamination with WBC than the others (p < 0.001). Platelet viability was similar across treatments (p > 0.05). Cooling for 24 h did not affect platelet counts in all methods (p > 0.05); however, platelet viability was reduced after cooling PRP produced by method 3 (p = 0.04), and agglutination increased over time in all methods (p < 0.001). The three methods increased (1.8-5.6-fold) platelet concentration in PRP compared to whole blood without compromising platelet viability. In conclusion, all three methods concentrated platelets and while cooling affected their viability. It remains unknown whether the different methods and cooling would affect PRP's clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo G. T. M. Segabinazzi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.)
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618681, SP, Brazil;
| | - Giorgia Podico
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Michael F. Rosser
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (M.F.R.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Som G. Nanjappa
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (M.F.R.); (S.G.N.)
| | - Marco A. Alvarenga
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618681, SP, Brazil;
| | - Igor F. Canisso
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA; (L.G.T.M.S.); (G.P.)
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kwirant LADA, De La Corte FD, Cantarelli C, Cargnelutti JF, Martins M, Cabral MW, Maciel N, Rubin MIB. Cooling and Cryopreservation of Equine Platelet-Rich Plasma With Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Trehalose. J Equine Vet Sci 2018; 72:112-116. [PMID: 30929774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been used in horses to repair bone, articular and tendinous lesions, laminitis, and even endometritis. However, platelets have a very limited lifespan, which makes it difficult to prepare and use PRP, except in loco. With the aim to produce PRP with higher platelet viability for clinical purposes, the effects of the cryoprotectants dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and trehalose were evaluated on cooled (4°C) and cryopreserved (-196°C) equine PRP. The protocols of cooling and cryopreservation were performed independently, comparing the following treatments: fresh PRP, PRP + 6% DMSO, PRP + 300 mM of trehalose, and PRP only. The PRP samples were prepared by double centrifugation of the blood of six ponies, further divided into four aliquots. The cooled or cryopreserved aliquots were stored for 14 days. All samples were evaluated for the platelet count, the mean platelet volume, and the release of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). The number of platelets in the fresh PRP and cooled samples was similar; however, platelet count was higher in the fresh PRP than in cryopreserved samples. The release of TGF-β1 was higher in the fresh PRP (105891 ± 52398 pg/mL), but the stored samples still released significant amounts of this growth factor (27291 ± 9625 pg/mL).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liomara Andressa do Amaral Kwirant
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Camila Cantarelli
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mathias Martins
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mariê Wolski Cabral
- Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Nayrema Maciel
- Graduation in Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mara Iolanda Batistella Rubin
- Graduate Program in Animal Medicine: Equine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Large Animals, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Segundo FADS, Costa EIDS, de Azevedo AS, de Araújo AL, Silva ACDF, de Lima GG, de Sá MJC. Platelet-Rich Plasma, Hydroxyapatite, and Chitosan in the Bone and Cartilaginous Regeneration of Femoral Trochlea in Rabbits: Clinical, Radiographic, and Histomorphometric Evaluations. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2018; 2018:6917958. [PMID: 30034675 PMCID: PMC6035831 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6917958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the trochlear bone and cartilaginous regeneration of rabbits using the association of PRP, chitosan, and hydroxyapatite. Hole was made in rabbit troches, one hole in each animal remained empty (group C), and one was filled by a combination of PRP, chitosan, and hydroxyapatite (group T). Clinical-orthopedic, radiographic, and histomorphometric evaluations were performed. Clinical-orthopedic evaluation showed lameness of two members of the T group and one member of group C. The radiographic evaluation showed that the T group showed absence of subchondral bone reaction (33%). The presence of moderate subchondral bone reaction was more frequently reported in group C with 67%. Microscopic evaluation revealed a presence of tissue neoformation, composed of connective tissue. Microscopic findings were similar in both groups, with a difference in the amount of neoformed tissue being perceptible, which was confirmed after the morphometric analysis, which revealed a significant difference in the quantity of newly formed tissue at the bone/cartilage/implant interface. The composite base of the association of chitosan, hydroxyapatite, and platelet-rich plasma favored bone and cartilage healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adílio Santos de Azevedo
- Veterinary Hospital, Patos Campus, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Clara de França Silva
- Veterinary Hospital, Patos Campus, Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Jorge Cavalcanti de Sá
- Federal Institute of Paraíba, IFPB, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Materials Research Institute, Athlone Institute of Technology (AIT), Athlone, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carmona JU, Gómez WA, López C. Could Platelet-Rich Plasma Be a Clinical Treatment for Horses With Laminitis? J Equine Vet Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Influence of calcium salts and bovine thrombin on growth factor release from equine platelet-rich gel supernatants. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol 2017; 30:1-7. [DOI: 10.3415/vcot-16-02-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SummaryObjective: To compare five activation methods in equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) by determination of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in platelet-rich gel (PRG) supernatants.Methods: Platelet-rich plasma from 20 horses was activated by calcium chloride (CC), calcium gluconate (CG), bovine thrombin (BT), and their combinations, BTCC and BTCG. Both growth factor concentrations in PRG supernatants were measured by ELISA and compared with plasma and platelet ly-sates (PL) over time.Results: Growth factor concentrations were significantly lower in plasma and higher for all PRG supernatants. Platelet lysates contained a significantly lower concentration of PDGF-BB than PRG supernatants and a significantly higher concentration of TGF-β1 than PRG supernatants. Clots from PRP activated with sodium salts were more stable over time and had significant growth factor release, whereas CC produced gross salt deposition. Significant correlations were noticed for platelet with leukocyte concentrations in PRP (rs: 0.76), platelet counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (rs: 0.86), platelet counts in PRP with PDGF-BB concentrations in PRG super-natants (rs: 0.78), leukocyte counts in PRP with TGF-β1 concentrations in PRG supernatants (rs: 0.76), and PDGF-BB concentrations with activating substances (rs: 0.72).Clinical significance: Calcium gluconate was the better substance to induce PRP activation. It induced growth factor release free from calcium precipitates in the clots. Use of BT alone or combined with calcium salts was not advantageous for growth factor release.
Collapse
|
8
|
Fantini P, Palhares M, Prades M, Macedo V, Silva Filho J, Leme F, Carmona J. Criopreservação do plasma rico em plaquetas de equinos. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-8078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliou-se o congelamento do plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) de equinos, a -196ºC em nitrogênio líquido, utilizando-se como crioprotetor o DMSO em duas concentrações (3% e 6%), e, como ponto final, a avaliação da morfologia e da agregometria plaquetária. Foram utilizadas 12 amostras de PRP em duas repetições. Previamente ao congelamento, as amostras foram submetidas a um resfriamento lento (-0,07ºC/minuto) até a temperatura final de 4-5ºC. A criopreservação do PRP equino, incluindo um resfriamento lento a 4-5ºC, previamente ao congelamento a -197ºC em nitrogênio líquido, foi similar para as concentrações do crioprotetor DMSO a 3% ou 6%, quando avaliado o percentual de ativação e de agregação plaquetária.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - M. Prades
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Espanha
| | - V.C. Macedo
- Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia de Minas Gerais
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Souza MVD, Pinto JDO, Costa MMD, Santos ECD, Garcia SL, Oliveira LLD. Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas. PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2014000600016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é um produto derivado da centrifugação do sangue total, sendo rico em fatores bioativos, como os de crescimento. Apesar da ampla utilização em processos cicatriciais, há controvérsia sobre a eficácia da terapia na cicatrização cutânea. O objetivo desse estudo foi quantificar e comparar a concentração dos fatores TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB no PRP, plasma sanguíneo e pele, durante diferentes fases do processo de cicatrização da pele tratada ou não com PRP. Foram utilizados sete equinos machos castrados, mestiços, hígidos, com idade entre 16 e 17 (16,14±0,63) anos. Três lesões em formato quadrangular (6,25cm²) foram produzidas cirurgicamente nas regiões glúteas direita e esquerda de todos os animais. Doze horas após indução das feridas, 0,5mL do PRP foi administrado em cada uma das quatro extremidades das feridas de uma das regiões glúteas (Grupo tratado = GT), escolhida aleatoriamente. A região contralateral foi utilizada como controle (GC). As feridas foram submetidas à limpeza diária com água Milli Q, e amostras foram obtidas mediante biópsias realizadas com Punch de 6mm. Foram obtidas seis biópsias de pele, sendo a primeira realizada logo após a produção da ferida (T0), e as demais com 1 (T1) 2 (T2) 7 (T3) e 14 (T4) dias após a indução da lesão. A sexta biópsia (T5) foi obtida após completo fechamento da pele, que ocorreu aproximadamente aos 37 dias (36,85±7,45, GC; 38,85±6,46, GT). Também foram obtidas amostras de sangue com EDTA em todos os tempos mencionados. A quantificação dos fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB na pele, PRP e plasma sanguíneo foi realizada pela técnica ELISA. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t, correlação de Pearson e regressão, utilizando nível de significância de 5%. Não houve diferença entre os grupos, nos valores dos dois fatores de crescimento mensurados na pele, nos diferentes tempos. Também não houve correlação entre a quantidade dos fatores de crescimento presentes na pele e no plasma. Por outro lado, correlação positiva foi observada entre PRP e pele no grupo tratado, para os fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 (r=0,31) e PDGF-BB (r=0,38), bem como entre ambos os fatores de crescimento presentes no PRP (r=0,81). Considerando as concentrações dos fatores de crescimento no T0, os maiores valores cutâneos (p<0,05) do TGF-β1, em ambos os grupos, ocorreram nos tempos T3 e T5. Valores mais elevados (p<0,05) do PDGF-BB ocorreram no T4 (GT) e T5 (GC). No plasma não houve alteração nas concentrações desses fatores em relação ao T0, o que sugere que o PRP não acarreta efeito sistêmico, quando os procedimentos adotados na presente pesquisa são utilizados. A administração local de PRP no volume estudado, 12 h após indução cirúrgica de ferida cutânea na região glútea de equinos não ocasiona maiores concentrações dos fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB no plasma sanguíneo e pele, durante o processo de cicatrização.
Collapse
|