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Gogoi BB, Yeasin M, Paul RK, Borgohain A, Deka D, Malakar H, Saikia J, Rahman FH, Panja S, Sarkar A, Maiti CS, Bordoloi J, Karak T. The Level of Selected Metals in Made Tea and Tea Infusion from the Roadside Tea Plants and Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2900-2920. [PMID: 37755587 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of human activities are becoming clearer every year, with multiple reports of struggling and eroded ecosystems resulting in new threats of plant and animal extinctions throughout the world. It has been speculated that roadside tea-growing soils impact on metal dynamics from soil to tea plants and subsequently to tea infusion which may be threatened by increasingly unpredictable and dangerous surroundings. Furthermore, heavy metals released from vehicles on the national highway (NH) could be a source of metal contamination in roadside tea soils and tea plants. This study was articulated to realize the effect of NH on a buildup of selected metals (Cu, Cd, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn) in made tea along with repeated tea infusion. In general, metal concentration was found significantly higher in made tea prepared from the young shoots collected from the vicinity of NH. The results also showed that distance from the NH and infusion process significantly influenced to content of the analysed metal in tea infusions. The mean average daily intake (ADI) and hazard quotient (HQ) values of analysed tea samples were found in the orderMn˃Fe˃Zn˃Cu˃Ni˃Cd and Mn˃Cu˃Zn˃Fe˃Ni˃Cd, respectively. The HQ values of all analysed metals were found << 1, indicating that ingestion of tea infusion with analysed heavy metals should not cause a danger to human health. However, this study further demonstrates the consumption of tea infusion prepared from made tea around the vicinity of NH may contribute to a significantly higher quantity of metal intake in the human body. From the hierarchical cluster analysis, it has been observed that there are three homogenous groups of analysed heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bidyot Bikash Gogoi
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, D.H.S.K. College, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Md Yeasin
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Ranjit Kumar Paul
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arup Borgohain
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Diganta Deka
- Tea Research Association, North Bank Advisory Centre, Thakurbari, 784 503, Assam, India
| | - Harisadhan Malakar
- Tea Research Association, Tocklai Tea Research Institute, Cinnamara-785008, Jorhat, Assam, India
| | - Jiban Saikia
- Department of Chemistry, Dibrugarh University, 786001, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Feroze Hasan Rahman
- ICAR-NBSS&LUP, Regional Center Kolkata, Block DK, Sector II, Salt Lake, Kolkata-700091, India
| | - Saumik Panja
- University of California, San Francisco 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA
| | - Animesh Sarkar
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - C S Maiti
- Department of Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Jurisandhya Bordoloi
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India
| | - Tanmoy Karak
- Tea Research Association, Upper Assam Advisory Centre, Dikom-786101, Dibrugarh, Assam, India.
- Department of Soil Science, School of Agricultural Sciences, Nagaland University, Medziphema Campus-797106, Medziphema, Nagaland, India.
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Leoncio MS, Garcia EE. Assessment on Solubility and Solid Phase Chemical Fractionation of Manganese in Hot Infusions of Green and Roasted Mate. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5825-5838. [PMID: 36929114 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03627-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
A solid phase chemical fractionation (SPCF) of the Mn in hot infusions prepared from commercial samples of roasted (RM) and green mate (GM) using a chelating resin Chelex 100 (NH4+ form) was performed to assess the relative lability of this essential trace element (ETE). In addition, total Mn contents in the RM and GM samples and their infusions were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Total polyphenol (TP) contents and the presence of soluble melanoidins (SM) were correlated with the Mn solubility in the RM and GM infusions. From the SPCF study, it was possible to observe that the soluble Mn forms in the mate infusions were essentially associated with relatively noninert chemical species (98.4-99.7%), suggesting that they may be potentially bioavailable. In addition, the soluble Mn contents in the GM infusions were 20.5% higher than those found in the RM. Mn solubility in the (RM) infusions was highly and directly correlated (r = 0.99) with the soluble TP, while in the GM infusions, it was high and inversely correlated with soluble TP (r = -0.87). On the other hand, Mn solubility in the RM and GM infusions was weakly correlated with the SM. It should be stressed that GM infusions can contribute with 57 and 44% more than the RM infusions to the recommended adequate intake of Mn established for females and males, respectively. Moreover, this work is the first to evaluate and compare the relative lability of Mn and its solubility in the RM and GM infusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Silva Leoncio
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá , Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Egea Garcia
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá , Paraná, 87020-900, Brazil.
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Na Nagara V, Sarkar D, Luo Q, Biswas JK, Datta R. Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Trace Elements from Drinking Black and Green Tea Marketed in Three Countries. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2970-2982. [PMID: 34378169 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Although tea can be beneficial for our health, consuming excess trace elements in tea can be harmful. In this study, the carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risk for trace elements in tea influenced by the country of origin, tea type, and infusion process was assessed. Tea (Camellia sinensis) purchased from China, India, and the USA, including black and green tea, were analyzed for essential micronutrients (Cu, Se, and Zn) and nonessential trace elements (Ag, As, Ba, Cd, Cr, and Pb) in leaves and three types of infusions. The results showed that country of origin, tea type, and infusion process had a significant influence on the trace element contents in tea leaves and infusions, also on health risk. Country of origin had a significant influence on Ba, Cr, Pb, and Zn contents in tea leaves and on As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn contents in tea infusions. Black tea had significantly higher (p < 0.05) Cr and Cu content in tea leaves than green tea, but only Cr content was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of green tea in tea infusion. The trace element contents were the highest in the first infusion and decreased as the number of infusion steps increased. The results showed that the consumption of tea infusion was not likely to cause noncarcinogenic risk. However, the carcinogenic risk for As was of concern. Our results indicate that avoiding drinking the first infusion can help to reduce both carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks for trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viravid Na Nagara
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA.
| | - Qingzi Luo
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI, USA
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Tea Infusions as a Source of Phenolic Compounds in the Human Diet. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12094227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are components with proven beneficial effects on the human body, primarily due to their antioxidant activity. In view of the high consumption of tea and the numerous factors that affect the nutritional value of its infusions, the aim of this study was to identify the effects of tea type and duration of leaf extraction with water on the levels of phenolic compounds and other components that determine biological activity (oxalates, Ca, Na, Cu, and Mn). Based on assays, infusions of red tea prepared for 20 min were found to be the best source of phenolics (202.9 mg/100 mL), whereas the lowest level of these compounds was determined in infusions of black tea extracted from leaves for 30 min (46.9 mg/100 mL). The highest degree of increase in polyphenol content (by approx. 50%) was noted in red and green tea infused for between 10 and 20 min, whereas for black tea, polyphenol levels decreased with time. The biological activity of tea infusions appears to be determined to the greatest extent by the interactions between phenolic compounds and oxalates (r = 0.6209), calcium (r = 0.8516), and sodium (0.8045). A daily intake of three to four mugs (1 L) of tea infusions provides the human body the entire amount of phenolics recommended for health reasons (as regards red tea, this is possible at 1/3 of the volume) and covers the daily requirement for manganese, as well as (partially) copper.
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In vitro assessment of major and trace element bioaccessibility in tea samples. Talanta 2021; 225:122083. [PMID: 33592795 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bioaccessibility of trace elements (Li, Be, Ti, Ga, Cu, Ag, Hg, Cd, Cs, Pt, Tl, Pb, As, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Se, Sn and Sb) and major elements (Rb, Ba, Al, Fe, Zn, Si, Ca, Mg, Mn, Mo, Sr, P and K) in tea infusions has been assessed using an in vitro dialyzability protocol. Gastric simulation (using pepsin solution) and intestinal simulation (using pancreatin and bile salts) were used to perform the in vitro digestion. ICP-MS, ICP-OES and FAES were used for elements determination in digested tea leaves, their infusions and the dialyzate fractions from tea infusions. Microwaves assisted acid digestion was used for the total element determination in tea leaves, while tea infusions were prepared by brewing tea leaves for 5 min in boiling water. The LODs for elements determined in tea leaves were in the range of 0.11-656 ng g-1 and 0.02-145.6 μg g-1 for trace and major elements, respectively. For elements' determination in tea infusions, the LODs were ranged between 0.23 and 399.9 ng L-1 for trace elements and 0.2-1248 μg L-1 for major elements. The LODs for the elements in the dialyzable fraction varied from 0.018 to 142 μg L-1. The accuracy of the total element determination was evaluated using certified reference materials (Tea Leaves INCT-TL-1 and Rye Grass). The analytical recoveries were also assessed for analyzed elements in digested tea leaves (95-114%) and their infusions (92-115%), showing good recoveries. Among the studied elements, K was the most abundant element in tea leaves and tea infusions in almost all samples, followed by Ca, Mg, and P. Zn, Cs, and K showed the highest dialyzability percentages up to 84%, 76%, and 54%, respectively, followed by Si and Ca and K that show moderate to high dialyzability percentages. The accuracy of the dialysis process was evaluated using a mass-balance study.
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Mineral and trace element composition after digestion and leaching into matcha ice tea infusions (Camellia sinensis L.). J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Andrade AMD, Galazzi RM, Miró M, Arruda MAZ. In vitro bioaccessibility of metals from tape tea - A low-cost emerging drug. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 62:126613. [PMID: 32712520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An in vitro physiologically relevant test based on the standard Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed in this study to ascertain the elemental bioaccessibility pools of tape tea as emerging low-cost abuse drug under fasted conditions. METHODS Elemental quantification in tape tea and body fluid extracts was performed by an inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometer - ICP-MS, and for sample preparation of the bioaccessibility extracts prior to ICP-MS analysis, a microwave-assisted acid decomposition was applied by using a microwave oven. The Unified Bioaccessibility Method (UBM) was considered for investigation of elemental bioaccessibility in tape tea, required a full set of organic compounds, salts, and enzymes. RESULTS Considering total element evaluation through ICP-MS, Co, Ni, Mn, and Zn are found at the highest concentrations in the sample, namely 415 ± 36, 202 ± 55, 1389 ± 225 and 2397 ± 197 μg L-1, respectively. Regarding the oral bioaccessibility test, after both gastric and gastrointestinal extractions Co, Ni, and Mn are fully bioaccessible while for Zn the bioaccessibility is ca. 66 %. CONCLUSION According to the first results in the literature proposed for these samples, the bioaccessibility results indicate an increment in day-to-day total element concentration and depending on the concentration of each element that an individual consumes in its usual diet, the total concentration can exceed the TDI. There are several possible toxic effects caused by the excess of Co, Ni and Mn, which might be expected by their high total concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Martins de Andrade
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moretto Galazzi
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa km 7.5, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - Unicamp, P.O. Box 6154, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil.
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Milani RF, Sanches VL, Morgano MA, Cadore S. Trace elements in ready-to-drink ice tea: Total content, in vitro bioaccessibility and risk assessment. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109732. [PMID: 33233300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tea is one of the most consumed non-alcoholic beverages in world and it has been frequently associated to health benefits. Besides its nutrient composition, non-essential trace elements associated with toxic effects may also be present. Ever since food components undergo biotransformation process along gastrointestinal tract after ingestion, it is important to evaluate both total and bioavailable content of trace elements. Therefore, this study aimed to provide comprehensive data concerning the influence of the in vitro digestion on sixteen trace elements present in ready-to-drink ice tea (black, green, mate and white tea). Essential minerals (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn) and inorganic contaminants (Al, As, Cd, Li, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn and Sr) contents were determined by ICP OES after microwave acid digestion. Bioaccessibility evaluation was carried out by simulating the gastric (pepsin) and intestinal juice (pancreatin and bile salts) and bioavailability used Caco-2 cells culture as an intestinal epithelial model. Moreover, tannins were evaluated by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Multivariate analysis allowed classifying ice tea samples in three groups, based on their trace elements profile. Al, Cu, Sr, Mn and Zn bioaccessible fractions corresponded to, approximately, 40-60% of their total content. For Mn, bioaccessibility and bioavailability presented the same pattern (green ice tea > black ice tea > mate ice tea) whilst Sr bioavailability in green tea were 50% higher than in black tea samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Fernanda Milani
- Institute of Food Technology, PO Box 139, 13070-178, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Lacerda Sanches
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Solange Cadore
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Free and bound amino acids, minerals and trace elements in matcha (Camellia sinensis L.): A nutritional evaluation. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Szymczycha-Madeja A, Welna M, Pohl P. Simplified Method of Multi-Elemental Analysis of Dialyzable Fraction of Tea Infusions by FAAS and ICP OES. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:272-290. [PMID: 31342341 PMCID: PMC7150660 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A fast and straightforward sample preparation procedure of the dialyzable fraction of infusions of teas prior to their analysis on Al, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Sr, and Zn contents by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was developed and validated. The proposed methodology was based on acidification with HNO3 only and demonstrated good analytical performance, i.e., precision (0.80-5.0%), accuracy (< 5%), recoveries of elements (97.4-105%), and their detection limits (0.075-1.1 μg L-1) along with linearity of calibration curves in the whole studied concentration ranges. Applicability of the evaluated procedure, being a useful alternative to time-consuming wet digestions, was tested by determining bioaccessibility of elements in 20 infusions of black (BT) and green (GT) teas as assessed with the aid of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Average contributions of bioaccessible fractions (%) of studied metals were as follows: 1.18 (Al)-40.7% (Ca) and 4.65% (Al)-46.3% (Ca) for BTs and GTs, respectively. Drinking daily four cups (1 L) of tea, recommended dietary intakes (RDIs) of Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, and Zn were covered to a small degree (< 1.5%). Only bioaccessibility of Mn highly contributed to RDI for this metal. According to provisional tolerable weekly intakes (PTWIs) for toxic elements such as Al and Ni, consumption of both types of teas should not represent any health risk. Additionally, analysis of variance of results clearly indicated that BTs and GTs were mostly differentiated due to concentrations of the bioaccessible fraction of Al, Ba, Cu, and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Szymczycha-Madeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23,, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maja Welna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23,, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Pohl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Chemical Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Smoluchowskiego 23,, 50-372 Wroclaw, Poland
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Erdemir US, Sahan Y, Gucer S. Fractionation and Bioaccessibility of Manganese, Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Commercial Vegetable and Rice Baby Foods Using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) with Central Composite Design (CCD). ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2019.1636056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umran Seven Erdemir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Sahan
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Seref Gucer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
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Menghwar P, Yilmaz E, Sherazi STH, Soylak M. A sensitive and selective deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted liquid phase microextraction procedure for separation-preconcentration and determination of copper in olive oil and water samples. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1547317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pertab Menghwar
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
- Nanotechnology Research Center (ERNAM), Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | | | - Mustafa Soylak
- Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Method Validation for Multi-Elemental Analysis of Dialyzable and Non-dialyzable Fractions of Coffee Brews by F AAS and ICP OES: a Bioaccessibility Study. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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