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Dias CG, Martins FB, Martins MA. Climate risks and vulnerabilities of the Arabica coffee in Brazil under current and future climates considering new CMIP6 models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167753. [PMID: 37832692 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The susceptibility to climate change concerns the coffee market worldwide due to possible severe productivity losses. Brazil is the world's largest Arabica coffee producer and has crops in regions considered persistent climate change hotspots. Our study analyzed risks, vulnerabilities, and susceptibilities to pests and diseases in these regions under current and future climates and outlined adaptive measures to reduce future vulnerabilities. Ten risk indicators based on Arabica coffee requirements were proposed: water supply (Iw), base (TIB) and maximum temperature stresses (TImax), which delimit the temperature range where Arabica coffee grows and productivity is penalized outside both ranges, frost stress (TIfrost), diseases such as rust (DIrust), brown eye spot (DIbrown), and Phoma leaf spot (DIphoma), pests such as coffee berry borer (PIberry), coffee leaf miner (PIminer), and yield loss due to water stress (Iyg). Daily near-surface air temperature (minimum, mean, and maximum), relative humidity, precipitation, and global solar radiation were used from 16 General Circulation Models (GCMs) from the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP), which are derived from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) in three Shared Socioeconomic Pathways scenarios (SSP245, SSP370 and SSP585). All risk indicators were calculated for the current climate (1995-2014) and projected for the near (2041-2060), intermediate (2061-2080), and far future (2081-2100) in three SSPs and then classified into five risk classes (very low, low, moderate, high and very high). Our results indicated that due to increases in TImax and Iyg indicators, with high to very high risk in area and magnitude, Arabica coffee plantations will be negatively affected and economically unfeasible for about 35 % to 75 % of the studied area throughout the 21st century. Furthermore, the rust and the leaf miner will remain a concern in future climates due to increased temperatures and reduced relative humidity. The future of Arabica coffee crops in Brazil will depend on adopting effective adaptive measures and prudent agricultural strategies to address anticipated risks, including shifting crops to higher altitude areas, introducing more climate-resilient coffee cultivars/varieties, using agroforestry or intercropping systems, planting in closer spacing or higher density planting, and employing dripper or partial root-zone irrigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia Gabriele Dias
- Federal University of Itajubá - Natural Resource Institute, C.P. 50, 37500-903 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.
| | - Fabrina Bolzan Martins
- Federal University of Itajubá - Natural Resource Institute, C.P. 50, 37500-903 Itajubá, MG, Brazil.
| | - Minella Alves Martins
- National Institute for Space Research - Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability Division, C.P. 515, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil.
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Marcheafave GG, Pauli ED, Tormena CD, Duarte LJ, Wendling I, Rakocevic M, Quintela AL, Santos MDFC, Tormena CF, Scarminio IS, Bruns RE. 1H NMR Mixture Design-Fingerprints and ASCA Analysis in Ilex paraguariensis: Model Stability in Search of a Global Metabolome. Anal Chem 2023; 95:16850-16860. [PMID: 37947492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The effects of experimental repetitions and solvent extractors on the 1H NMR fingerprinting of yerba mate extracts, obtained from two genders and two light environments, were analyzed in-depth by ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Different solvents were used according to a mixture design based on ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their combinations. The number of experimental repetitions significantly affected the ASCA results. Increasing repetitions led to decreases in the percentage effect variance values and an increase in the percentage residual variance. However, secondary sexual dimorphism, light availability, and their interaction effects became more significant with decreasing p-values at or above the 95% confidence level. The choice of a solvent extractor significantly affects the chemical profile and can lead to distinct conclusions regarding the significance of effect values. Pure solvents yielded different conclusions about the significance of factorial design effects, with each solvent extracting unique metabolites and maximizing information for specific effects. However, the use of binary solvent mixtures, such as ethanol-dichloromethane, proved more efficient in extracting sets of compounds that simultaneously differentiate between different experimental conditions. The mixture design-fingerprint strategy provided satisfactory results expanding the range of extracted metabolites with high percentage of residual variances and low explained percentage effect variances in the ASCA models. Ternary and even higher-ordered mixtures could be good alternative extracting media for work-intensive procedures. Our study underscores the significance of experimental design and solvent selection in metabolomic analysis, improving the accuracy, robustness, and interpretability of metabolomic models, leading to a better understanding of the chemical composition and biological implications of plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Galo Marcheafave
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Elis Daiane Pauli
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Domiciano Tormena
- Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN), Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Leonardo José Duarte
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ivar Wendling
- Embrapa Florestas, P.O. Box 319, 83411-000 Colombo, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Amanda Lemos Quintela
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ieda Spacino Scarminio
- Laboratory of Chemometrics in Natural Sciences (LQCN), Department of Chemistry, State University of Londrina, P.O. Box 6001, 86051-990 Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Roy Edward Bruns
- Institute of Chemistry, State University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Guerrero-Peña A, Vázquez-Hernández L, Bucio-Galindo A, Morales-Ramos V. Chemical analysis and NIR spectroscopy in the determination of the origin, variety and roast time of Mexican coffee. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18675. [PMID: 37554778 PMCID: PMC10404687 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is a product whose quality and price are associated with its geographical, genetic and processing origin; therefore, the development of analytical techniques to authenticate the above mentioned is important to avoid adulteration. The objective of this study was to compare conventional analytical methods with NIR technology for the authentication of roasted and ground coffee samples from different producing regions in Mexico (origins) and different varieties. A second objective was to determine, under the same processing conditions, if roasting times can be differentiated by using this technology. A total of 120 samples of roasted and ground commercial coffee were obtained from the states of Chiapas, Oaxaca, Tabasco and Veracruz in Mexico, 30 locally available samples per state. Samples from Veracruz included three different varieties, grown on the same farm and processed under the same conditions. One of these varieties was selected to evaluate the chemical composition of samples roasted at 185 °C using four different roasting times (15, 17, 19 and 21 min). Samples from different producing regions showed significant differences (P < 0.05) in fat content (from 7.45 ± 0.42% in Tabasco to 18.40 ± 2.95% in Chiapas), which was associated with the altitude of coffee plantations (Pearson's r = 0.96). The results indicate that NIR technology generates sufficient useful information to authenticate roasted and ground coffee from different geographical origins in Mexico and different varieties from the same coffee plantation, with similar results to those obtained by conventional analytical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Guerrero-Peña
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n, Km 3 carretera Cárdenas-Huimanguillo, Cárdenas, Tabasco, 86500, Mexico
| | - Lorena Vázquez-Hernández
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n, Km 3 carretera Cárdenas-Huimanguillo, Cárdenas, Tabasco, 86500, Mexico
| | - Adolfo Bucio-Galindo
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Tabasco, Periférico Carlos A. Molina s/n, Km 3 carretera Cárdenas-Huimanguillo, Cárdenas, Tabasco, 86500, Mexico
| | - Victorino Morales-Ramos
- Colegio de Postgraduados Campus-Córdoba. km 348 carretera federal Córdoba-Veracruz, Col. Manuel León, Amatlán de los Reyes, Veracruz, 94946, Mexico
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Portable NIR Spectroscopy-Chemometric Identification of Chemically Differentiated Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) Clones. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-022-02431-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tormena CD, Rutledge DN, Rakocevic M, Bruns RE, Scarminio IS, Marcheafave GG, Pauli ED. Exogenous application of bioregulators in Coffea arabica beans during ripening: Investigation of UV–Visible and NIR mixture design-fingerprints using AComDim-ICA. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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