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Wu N, Ge X, Yin X, Yang L, Chen L, Shao R, Xu W. A review on polysaccharide biosynthesis in Cordyceps militaris. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129336. [PMID: 38224811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is an edible parasitic fungus with medicinal properties. Its bioactive polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various metabolic and biological activities, including antitumor, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, immunostimulatory, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. These properties make C. militaris-derived polysaccharides a promising candidate for future development. Recent advancements in microbial fermentation technology have enabled successful laboratory cultivation and extraction of these polysaccharides. These polysaccharides are structurally diverse and exhibit various biological activities, such as immunostimulatory, antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, and anti-atherosclerotic effects. This review aims to summarize the structure and production mechanisms of polysaccharides from C. militaris, covering extraction methods, key genes and pathways involved in biosynthesis, and fermentation factors that influence yield and activity. Furthermore, the future potential and challenges of utilizing polysaccharides in the development of health foods and pharmaceuticals are addressed. This review serves as a valuable reference in the fields of food and medicine, and provides a theoretical foundation for the study of polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Ge
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Xuemei Yin
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Ligen Chen
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Rong Shao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224051, PR China.
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Zhuansun W, Xu J, Liu H, Zhao Y, Chen L, Shan S, Song S, Zhang H, Dong T, Zeng H, Xu Q. Optimisation of the production of a selenium-enriched polysaccharide from Cordyceps cicadae S1 and its structure and antioxidant activity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1032289. [PMID: 36337663 PMCID: PMC9631440 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1032289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The fermentation medium of a newly identified Cordyceps cicadae S1 was optimized by response surface methodology, with the optimal medium containing sucrose (80 g/L), yeast powder (60 g/L), KH2PO4 (5 g/L), MgSO4·7H2O (1 g/L) and Na2SeO3 (0. 1 g/L). Under these conditions, the extracellular polysaccharide yield was 8.09 g/L. A novel selenium-enriched polysaccharide (PACI-1) was isolated from Cordyceps cicadae, purified and identified as a homofructose polysaccharide with a low average molecular weight of 9.95 × 103 Da. The fine structure of PACI-1 was analyzed using NMR, CD, and AFM. Additionally, the in vitro antioxidant results showed that the PACI-1 had stronger antioxidant capacity than natural polysaccharides. These results provided a candidate strain for producing selenium polysaccharide and a new polysaccharide from C. cicadae, which showed good antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhuansun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Jun Xu
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Hengzhao Liu
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Shufang Shan
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
| | - Shiqin Song
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ankang, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang R&D Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang, China
| | - Haoyu Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Tingting Dong
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Huawei Zeng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, School of Life Sciences Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Qinxiang Xu
- R&D Center of Anhui Kouzi Distillery Co., Ltd, Huaibei, China
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Lai WK, Wu YC, Yeh TS, Hsieh CR, Tsai YH, Wei CK, Li CY, Lu YC, Chang FR. The protoplast two-way fusions and fusant characteristics of Antrodia cinnamomea and Cordyceps militaris. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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SHARMA SHIVANI, MADAAN KASHISH, KAUR RAVNEET. Cordycepin: A hidden metabolite with pharmacological potential. Int J Med Mushrooms 2022; 24:1-20. [DOI: 10.1615/intjmedmushrooms.2022044442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Isolation, structural characterization and neuroprotective activity of exopolysaccharide from Paecilomyces cicada TJJ1213. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:1034-1046. [PMID: 33974925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two exopolysaccharide fractions (EPS1 and EPS2) were obtained from Paecilomyces cicadae TJJ 1213, and their structures were elucidated. The EPS1 and EPS2 were mainly composed of mannose and galactose with molar ratios of 3.2: 1.0 and 2.7: 1.0, respectively. They possessed average molecular weights of 1.69 × 106 and 8.06 × 105 Da, respectively. Structural characterization indicated that the backbone of EPS1 was consisted of →4)-α-D-Manp (1→, →3,4)-α-D-Manp (1 → and →2,6)-α-D-Manp (1→, →6)-α-D-Galp (1→, →6)-β-D-Galp (1→, and side chain was consisted of α-D-Manp residue. The backbone of EPS2 was composed of →6)-β-D-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, →2,6)-α-D-Manp-(1 → and →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, and the branching point was also consisted of α-D-Manp residue. In addition, EPS1 and EPS2 had potential in protective effects of PC12 cells against hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress by inhibiting the production of ROS, reducing LDH leakage and alleviating mitochondrial damage. These results indicated that EPS1 and EPS2 might serve as therapeutic agents for neuronal disorders.
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Nguyen TV, Chumnanpuen P, Parunyakul K, Srisuksai K, Fungfuang W. A study of the aphrodisiac properties of Cordyceps militaris in streptozotocin-induced diabetic male rats. Vet World 2021; 14:537-544. [PMID: 33776321 PMCID: PMC7994127 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.537-544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Cordyceps militaris (CM) is a fungus that has been used to enhance aphrodisiac activity in men, but to date, no studies have focused on its antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CM on reproductive performance of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic male rats. Materials and Methods: Six-week-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control Group 1 consisting of healthy rats; Group 2, healthy rats treated with CM (100 mg/kg); Group 3, diabetic untreated rats; and Group 4, diabetic rats treated with CM (100 mg/kg). Rats were orally administered with vehicle or CM for 21 days. The body weight, blood glucose level, food intake, epididymal sperm parameter, sexual behavior, serum testosterone level, and antioxidant parameters were determined. Results: The results indicated that CM treatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats significantly improved the epididymal sperm parameter and serum testosterone level and, in turn, their copulatory behavior. CM treatment in diabetic rats significantly ameliorated malondialdehyde level and significantly improved the glutathione and catalase levels. Conclusion: These results provide new information on the pharmacological properties of CM in ameliorating testicular damage due to oxidative stress and improving sexual performance in diabetic male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toan Van Nguyen
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Ho Chi Minh City Open University, Vietnam
| | - Pramote Chumnanpuen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kongphop Parunyakul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Krittika Srisuksai
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Wirasak Fungfuang
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.,Omics Center for Agriculture, Bioresources, Food and Health, Kasetsart University (OmiKU), Bangkok, Thailand
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Thanh VH, Le Thao My P, Do Dat T, Viet ND, Phuc NCM, Thao NH, Nam HM, Phong MT, Hieu NH. Integrating of Aqueous Enzymolysis with Ethanolic Ultrasonication to Ameliorate Cordycepin Content from Vietnamese
Cordyceps militaris
and Biological Analysis of Extracts. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Hoai Thanh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
| | - Phan Le Thao My
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
| | - Tran Do Dat
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Duc Viet
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Cao Minh Phuc
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ngo Hong Thao
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Nam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP - Lab) Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, Ward 14 Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
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Wong Y, Or M, Lau H, Wong S, Fung W. Analysis of underivatized alditols in traditional Chinese medicines by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry based on ligand exchange chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.202000084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yiu‐Tung Wong
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Mei‐Sze Or
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Hoi‐Ho Lau
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Sau‐Chun Wong
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
| | - Wai‐Hong Fung
- Analytical and Advisory Services Division Government Laboratory Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Kowloon P. R. China
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Li Y, Ban L, Meng S, Huang L, Sun N, Yang H, Wang Y, Wang L. Bioactivities of crude polysaccharide extracted from fermented soybean curd residue by Cordyceps militaris. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1875874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Litong Ban
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shili Meng
- Department of Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Hongpeng Yang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agronomy and Resources Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Linbo Wang
- Department of Life Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Zheng S, Zhang W, Liu S. Optimization of ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides and triterpenoids from the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum and evaluation of their in vitro antioxidant capacities. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244749. [PMID: 33382761 PMCID: PMC7774858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (Fr.) Krast, commonly known as "Lingzhi" in Chinese, is a medicinal mushroom that is rich in biologically active substances. Polysaccharides and triterpenoids are the two major components responsible for the bioactivity of this fungus. In the present study, the ultrasonic-assisted co-extraction (UACE) of polysaccharides and triterpenoids from G. lucidum was optimized using response surface methodology with a desirability function, with the equal importance for the two components. Following single factor experiments, the optimal conditions were determine as ultrasonic power of 210 W, extraction temperature of 80C, ratio of liquid to solid of 50 mL/g, and 100 min extraction time, using aqueous ethanol (50%, v/v) as the extracting solvent. Under the optimal conditions, the extraction yields of polysaccharides and triterpenoids reached 0.63% and 0.38%, respectively. On the basis of the scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and evaluation of reducing power, the antioxidant capacities of the polysaccharides obtained by optimal UACE process were higher than those of polysaccharides extracted using traditional hot water extraction, whereas the triterpenoid-rich extracts showed antioxidant activities similar to those obtained using the ethanol maceration method. The present study is the first report on the simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides and triterpenoids from G. lucidum. The developed UACE process could be useful in preparation of a polysaccharide- and triterpenoid-rich ingredient that holds great promise for application in the Ganoderma industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zheng
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde City, Fujian, China
| | - Weirui Zhang
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde City, Fujian, China
- Fujian Higher Education Research Center for Local Biological Resources in Ningde, Ningde City, Fujian, China
| | - Shengrong Liu
- College of Life Science, Ningde Normal University, Ningde City, Fujian, China
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Hosseini M, Sharifan A. Biological Properties of Yeast-based Mannoprotein for Prospective Biomedical Applications. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2020; 24:831-840. [PMID: 32819224 DOI: 10.2174/1386207323999200818162030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products constitute more than half of all biomolecules lately being used in clinical settings. Mannoprotein derived from the yeast cell wall has found full biotechnological applications. OBJECTIVE This study was intended to investigate the antioxidant, anticancer, and toxicological properties of Kluyveromyces marxianus mannoprotein (KM). METHODS The KM extract was obtained through a sequence of operations, including centrifugation for cell isolation, precipitation with potassium citrate/sodium metabisulfite, and recovery and purification. Its antioxidant, growth inhibition, macrophage mitogenic, and toxic activities were evaluated for its future use in the biomedical field. RESULTS Significant inhibitory effects of KM were obtained on reactive species. It showed antiproliferative activity against HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma) and MCF-7 (human breast cancer) cell lines with no toxic effects on HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). The in vitro model of CHO-K1 (Chinese hamster ovary) cell lines did not show the cytotoxic and genotoxic of KM. Moreover, it enhanced macrophage activity in terms of nitric oxide (NO) production and viability. No sign of acute toxicity was found in BALB/c mice, and body weight remained unchanged in guinea pigs over three months. CONCLUSION Comprehensive biological evaluations in this study are expected to expand the potential of KM as a natural material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motaharesadat Hosseini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; Currently at Diagnostic and Therapeutic Industrial Group, Khayyam Innovation Ecosystem, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Anoosheh Sharifan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Cordyceps is a parasitic edible fungus with a variety of metabolically active ingredients. The main active ingredient, extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), shows favourable application prospects in prevention and treatment of certain diseases. EPS extracted from different parts of various Cordyceps species can be used in health foods or medicinal preparations because of the structural diversity and multiple bioactivities. In terms of the complexity of composition and structure, researchers have speculated on the anabolic pathways of EPSs and the genes involved in the synthesis process. Studies to increase the yield of polysaccharides are limited because the synthesis pathways and anabolic regulation mechanisms of Cordyceps exopolysaccharide remain unknown. This review summarises the current researches in the yield of Cordyceps polysaccharides. A mechanism for the biosynthesis of Cordyceps polysaccharides was proposed by referring to the polysaccharide synthesis in other species. Furthermore, we also discuss the future perspective and ongoing challenges of EPS in uses of health foods and pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengli Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang H, Li C, Zhang Z, Liu A, Chen H, Hu B, Luo Q, Lin B, Wu W. Polysaccharides from Cordyceps miltaris cultured at different pH: Sugar composition and antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162:349-358. [PMID: 32574745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the study, the β-glucan content, the primary structure and the antioxidant capacity of polysaccharides in Cordyceps militaris cultivated with different initial growth pH were evaluated. Meanwhile, the mechanism of β-glucan biosynthesis was investigated by RNA-Seq. Based on the results, C. militaris growing at an initial growth pH of 5-7 (CMsA) was distinguished from C. militaris growing at an initial growth pH of 8-9 (CMsB) and their unigenes showed the comparable expression. The mean of β-glucan content of CMsB group was 32.7% (w/w), 10% higher than that of CMsA. The results of RNA-seq showed 1088 differentially expressed genes between CMsA and CMsB groups. Furthermore, oxidative phosphorylation-related Gene ontology terms were up-regulated in CMsB groups. In addition, the results of structural analysis (FTIR spectrum, monosaccharide composition, periodate oxidation) and bioactivity evaluation speculated that C. militaris polysaccharides possessed higher β-(1 → 6)-glucan content and antioxidant activities in CMsB groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China.
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Aiping Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Bin Hu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
| | - Bokun Lin
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Yaan 625014, China
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Cordycepin for Health and Wellbeing: A Potent Bioactive Metabolite of an Entomopathogenic Cordyceps Medicinal Fungus and Its Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Potential. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25122735. [PMID: 32545666 PMCID: PMC7356751 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps is a rare naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungus usually found at high altitudes on the Himalayan plateau and a well-known medicinal mushroom in traditional Chinese medicine. Cordyceps contains various bioactive components, out of which, cordycepin is considered most vital, due to its utmost therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential. Moreover, the structure similarity of cordycepin with adenosine makes it an important bioactive component, with difference of only hydroxyl group, lacking in the 3′ position of its ribose moiety. Cordycepin is known for various nutraceutical and therapeutic potential, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-aging, anticancer, antiviral, hepato-protective, hypo-sexuality, cardiovascular diseases, antimalarial, anti-osteoporotic, anti-arthritic, cosmeceutical etc. which makes it a most valuable medicinal mushroom for helping in maintaining good health. In this review, effort has been made to bring altogether the possible wide range of cordycepin’s nutraceutical potential along with its pharmacological actions and possible mechanism. Additionally, it also summarizes the details of cordycepin based nutraceuticals predominantly available in the market with expected global value. Moreover, this review will attract the attention of food scientists, nutritionists, pharmaceutical and food industries to improve the use of bioactive molecule cordycepin for nutraceutical purposes with commercialization to aid and promote healthy lifestyle, wellness and wellbeing.
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Phenolic Compounds of Aqueous and Methanol Extracts of Hypsizygus tessellatus (brown and white var.) and Flammulina velutipes caps: Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities. Pharm Chem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-020-02174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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17
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Kong XR, Zhu ZY, Zhang XJ, Zhu YM. Effects of Cordyceps polysaccharides on pasting properties and in vitro starch digestibility of wheat starch. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Improved Cordycepin Production by Cordyceps militaris KYL05 Using Casein Hydrolysate in Submerged Conditions. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090461. [PMID: 31500325 PMCID: PMC6770387 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordycepin, a beneficial bioactive product specifically found in Cordyceps, has received attention in various bioindustrial applications such as in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics, due to its significant functions. However, low productivity of cordycepin is a barrier to commercialization. In this study, Cordyceps militaris was mutated by UV irradiation to improve the cordycepin production. The highest producer KYL05 strain was finally selected and its cordycepin production was increased about 1.5-fold compared to wild type. In addition, the effects of culture conditions were fundamentally investigated. Optimal conditions were as follows: pH 6, temperature of 25 °C, shaking speed of 150 rpm, and culture time of 6 days. Effects of medium component on cordycepin production were also investigated by using various carbon and nitrogen sources. It was found that glucose and casein hydrolysate (CH) were most effective as carbon and nitrogen sources in cordycepin production (2.3-fold improvement) with maximum cordycepin production of about 445 mg/L. In particular, production was significantly affected by CH. These results should be of value in improving the efficiency of mass production of cordycepin.
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Advance in Cordyceps militaris (Linn) Link polysaccharides: Isolation, structure, and bioactivities: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 132:906-914. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Liu XC, Li H, Kang T, Zhu ZY, Liu YL, Sun HQ, Pan LC. The effect of fermentation conditions on the structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii. RSC Adv 2019; 9:18205-18216. [PMID: 35515207 PMCID: PMC9064820 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01202h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of fermentation conditions on the structure and anti-tumor activity of intracellular polysaccharides (IPS) of Cordyceps gunnii (C. gunnii) in submerged fermentation. The environmental and nutritional conditions are determined in a shaker flask by a single factor test. The inhibition of IPS on S180 cells was as an optimization index. The results show that the optimal fermentation conditions of C. gunnii are an initial pH value of 6, a temperature of 25 °C, a rotation speed of 150 rpm, 4% glucose, and 1.0% peptone. Under these conditions, the macro molecular weight (M w) polysaccharide content and anti-tumor activity of IPS are significantly higher than that in the basal culture medium. GC, HPGPC, periodate oxidation-Smith degradation, NMR, and FT-IR determine the structural characteristics of CPS-JC and CPS-YH (pure IPS cultured in basal culture medium and optimal culture medium, respectively). The results indicate that CPS-JC is mainly composed of α-d-glucans, whereas CPS-YH primarily contain α-d-glucans with a trace amount of β-d-glucans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China +86 22 60601437 +86 22 60601437
- Key Laboratory of Food Bio-technology, School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University Chengdu 610039 P. R. China
| | - Hongran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China +86 22 60601437 +86 22 60601437
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
| | - Tong Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China +86 22 60601437 +86 22 60601437
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China +86 22 60601437 +86 22 60601437
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
| | - Ying-Liang Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University Guiyang Guizhou 550001 China
| | - Hui-Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China +86 22 60601437 +86 22 60601437
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
| | - Li-Chao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China +86 22 60601437 +86 22 60601437
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 PR China
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Comparisons of the anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from fermented mycelia and cultivated fruiting bodies of Cordyceps militaris in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:307-314. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ma L, Zhang M, Zhao S. Effect of radio-frequency heating on microbial load, flavor, color, and texture profiles of Cordyceps militaris. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:136-142. [PMID: 29797728 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cordyceps militaris is a medicine and food dual-purpose mushroom extensively cultivated and consumed in East and Southeast Asia for centuries. However, it has an extremely short shelf life of 3-4 days at room temperature. C. militaris was pasteurized for 10, 20, and 30 min by radio-frequency (RF) at an electrode gap of 20 mm. The effect of RF heating on the microbial load, color, texture, and flavor attributes of C. militaris was evaluated and compared with those sterilized by conventional high-pressure steam. RESULTS RF heating contributed to good heating uniformity, uniform temperature distribution, and significant decrease in total microbial load. C. militaris heated by RF exhibited unnoticeable total color difference compared with unpasteurized ones, while those sterilized by high-pressure steam presented undesired and unacceptable browning. Insignificant differences in hardness and chewiness were observed after RF heating. Improvements in mushroom-like flavor occurred after 10 and 20 min of RF heating. CONCLUSION This study suggests that RF heating for pasteurization of edible mushrooms has promising prospects. Evaluation of RF heating on the taste and nutritional characteristics of edible mushrooms is needed in future work. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuyong Zhao
- Yandi Biological Engineering Co., Ltd, Changde, China
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Effect of Cordyceps militaris Hot Water Extract on Immunomodulation-associated Gene Expression in Broilers, Gallus gallus. J Poult Sci 2019; 56:128-139. [PMID: 32055207 PMCID: PMC7005407 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0180067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a well-known Chinese medicinal fungus that has been used as a nutraceutical food in several Asian countries. Cordycepin (3′-deoxyadenosine), a secondary metabolite produced from Cordyceps militaris, has been demonstrated to exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-microbial and antitumor activities. However, the effect of cordycepin on immunomodulation in broilers is poorly investigated. In the current study, we investigated the effect of cordycepin (9.69, 19.38, and 38.76 mg) from Cordyceps militaris hot water extract (CMHW) on growth performance and immunocompetence in broilers. Results showed that CMHW significantly decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in the bursa of Fabricius after 4 weeks of feeding (P<0.05). CMHW treatment reduced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius after 4 weeks of feeding (P<0.05). Supplementation of CMHW for 3 days after vaccination reduced iNOS mRNA level in the spleen of 14 and 28 day-old broilers (P<0.05). Prior to vaccination, CMHW pretreatment significantly down-regulated COX-2 mRNA levels in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius of 14-day-old broilers (P<0.05). Furthermore, CMHW significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced iNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05). CMHW treatment attenuated LPS-induced IFN-γ expression in the spleen and bursa of Fabricius, whereas CMHW induced IL-4 expression in these organs in response to LPS challenge (P<0.05). Taken together, these observations demonstrate that CMHW exerts an immunomodulatory role in broilers. CMHW is a potential novel feed additive with applications in inflammation-related diseases and bacterial infection in broilers.
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Optimization of Bioactive Ingredient Extraction from Chinese Herbal Medicine Glycyrrhiza glabra: A Comparative Study of Three Optimization Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6391414. [PMID: 29887907 PMCID: PMC5977065 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6391414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet spectrophotometric method is often used for determining the content of glycyrrhizic acid from Chinese herbal medicine Glycyrrhiza glabra. Based on the traditional single variable approach, four extraction parameters of ammonia concentration, ethanol concentration, circumfluence time, and liquid-solid ratio are adopted as the independent extraction variables. In the present work, central composite design of four factors and five levels is applied to design the extraction experiments. Subsequently, the prediction models of response surface methodology, artificial neural networks, and genetic algorithm-artificial neural networks are developed to analyze the obtained experimental data, while the genetic algorithm is utilized to find the optimal extraction parameters for the above well-established models. It is found that the optimization of extraction technology is presented as ammonia concentration 0.595%, ethanol concentration 58.45%, return time 2.5 h, and liquid-solid ratio 11.065 : 1. Under these conditions, the model predictive value is 381.24 mg, the experimental average value is 376.46 mg, and the expectation discrepancy is 4.78 mg. For the first time, a comparative study of these three approaches is conducted for the evaluation and optimization of the effects of the extraction independent variables. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the combinational method of genetic algorithm and artificial neural networks provides a more reliable and more accurate strategy for design and optimization of glycyrrhizic acid extraction from Glycyrrhiza glabra.
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Chen L, Liu Y, Guo Q, Zheng Q, Zhang W. Metabolomic comparison between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris. Biomed Chromatogr 2018; 32:e4279. [PMID: 29752731 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A systematic study on the metabolome differences between wild Ophiocordyceps sinensis and artificial cultured Cordyceps militaris was conducted using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis results showed that C. militaris grown on solid rice medium (R-CM) and C. militaris grown on tussah pupa (T-CM) evidently separated and individually separated from wild O. sinensis, indicating metabolome difference among wild O. sinensis, R-CM and T-CM. The metabolome differences between R-CM and T-CM indicated that C. militaris could accommodate to culture medium by differential metabolic regulation. Hierarchical clustering analysis was further performed to cluster the differential metabolites and samples based on their metabolic similarity. The higher content of amino acids (pyroglutamic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, phenylalanine and arginine), unsaturated fatty acid (linolenic acid and linoleic acid), peptides, mannitol, adenosine and succinoadenosine in O. sinensis make it as an excellent choice as a traditional Chinese medicine for invigoration or nutritional supplementation. Similar compositions with O. sinensis and easy cultivation make artificially cultured C. militaris a possible alternative to O. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuetao Liu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine of Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Guo
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qingxia Zheng
- Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wancun Zhang
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Research, Institute of Nanostructured Functional Materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Pandya U, Dhuldhaj U, Sahay NS. Bioactive mushroom polysaccharides as antitumor: an overview. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2668-2680. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1466129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urja Pandya
- Department of Microbiology, Samarpan Science and Commerce College, Gandhinagar, India
| | - Umesh Dhuldhaj
- School of Life Sciences, Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University, Nanded, India
| | - Nirmal S. Sahay
- Sadbhav SRISTI Sanshodhan Natural Products Laboratory, SRISTI, AES Boys Hostel Campus, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, India
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Chen GT, Fu YX, Yang WJ, Hu QH, Zhao LY. Effects of polysaccharides from the base of Flammulina Velutipes stipe on growth of murine RAW264.7, B16F10 and L929 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2150-2156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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28
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Galinari É, Almeida-Lima J, Macedo GR, Mantovani HC, Rocha HAO. Antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunostimulatory effects of cell wall α-d-mannan fractions from Kluyveromyces marxianus. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:837-846. [PMID: 29133101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunostimulatory properties of cell wall α-d-mannan fractions from yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus CCT7735. Filter centrifugation was used to obtain four fractions (KMM-1, KMM-2, KMM-3, and KMM-4) with molecular weight ranging from 7.6 to 75.1kDa. KMM-1 and KMM-2 comprised D-mannose with traces of D-glucose, whereas other fractions contained only D-mannose. Total sugar found in samples ranged from 85.9% to 96.1%, while protein and phenolic contents were 1.21% and 0.41%, respectively. Although only KMM-1 was able to scavenge superoxide radicals, all fractions presented total antioxidant capacity as well as reducing power, hydroxyl-radical scavenging, and copper- and iron-chelating activities. No fraction was cytotoxic to HeLa cells. However, all samples inhibited the proliferation of the tumor cell Hep-G2 and presented minor cytotoxicity against normal 3T3 cells. All fractions showed mitogenic activity in macrophages and all, except KMM-4, induced nitric oxide production in macrophages, suggestive of their immunostimulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éder Galinari
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36,570-900, Brazil.
| | - Jailma Almeida-Lima
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59,078-970, Brazil.
| | - Gorete Ribeiro Macedo
- Department of Chemistry Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59,078-970, Brazil.
| | | | - Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 59,078-970, Brazil.
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Tian S, Hao C, Xu G, Yang J, Sun R. Optimization conditions for extracting polysaccharide from Angelica sinensis and its antioxidant activities. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:766-775. [PMID: 28987352 PMCID: PMC9328866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis were extracted using the ultrasound-assisted extraction method. Based on the results of single factor experiments and orthogonal tests, three independent variables—water/raw material ratio, ultrasound time, and ultrasound power—were selected for investigation. Then, we used response surface methodology to optimize the extraction conditions. The experimental data were fitted to a quadratic equation using multiple regression analysis, and the optimal conditions were as follows: water/raw material ratio, 43.31 mL/g; ultrasonic time, 28.06 minutes; power, 396.83 W. Under such conditions, the polysaccharide yield was 21.89 ± 0.21%, which was well matched with the predicted yield. In vitro assays, scavenging activity of superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picry-hydrazyl radical showed that polysaccharides had certain antioxidant activities and that hydroxyl radicals have a remarkable scavenging capability. Therefore, these studies provide reference for further research and rational development of A. sinensis polysaccharide.
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Adnan M, Ashraf SA, Khan S, Alshammari E, Awadelkareem AM. Effect of pH, temperature and incubation time on cordycepin production from Cordyceps militaris using solid-state fermentation on various substrates. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2017.1325406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Adnan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Amir Ashraf
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eyad Alshammari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amir Mahgoub Awadelkareem
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
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Li Y, Zhang G, Du C, Mou H, Cui J, Guan H, Hwang H, Wang P. Characterization of high yield exopolysaccharide produced by Phyllobacterium sp. 921F exhibiting moisture preserving properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 101:562-568. [PMID: 28322954 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A new strain bacteria was isolated and named as Phyllobacterium sp. 921F, due to its high production capacity of exopolysaccharide (EPS). Characterization of physico-chemical properties of the EPS and optimization for high production were conducted to aim at industrial applications. The optimum pH and temperature were 7.0 and 30°C, respectively. The following scale-up fermentation was carried out in 30L bioreactor and amounts of EPS (21.9g/L) were produced. The EPS with a molecular mass of 1082kDa was composed of glucose, galactose, and pyruvate. The EPS solution behaved as Newtonian at low concentrations (≤0.3%) and as shear thinning at higher concentration (e.g, 1%). The moisture retention ability of the EPS was found to be superior to hyaluronic acid. Results suggest that Phyllobacterium sp. 921F is a good candidate for large-scale production of the EPS which might be utilized in food and cosmetics industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinping Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Gaoli Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Chunying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Haijin Mou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jiefen Cui
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Huashi Guan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Hueymin Hwang
- Biology Department, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Seaweed Substances, Qingdao 266400, PR China.
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Phosphorylation and antiaging activity of polysaccharide from Trichosanthes peel. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:976-983. [PMID: 28987375 PMCID: PMC9328876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Trichosanthes peel (TPP) were obtained by ultrasound-assisted extraction. TPP-1 was separated from the TPP by Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. Phosphorylation of TPP-1 was carried out and phosphorylated TPP-1 was named as PTTP-1. The results of infrared spectra, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the main structure of PTPP-1 was similar to that of TPP-1 and -H2PO3 groups which were conjugated to C-6 of →4)-α-D-Manp-(1→, C-4 of →6)-α-D-Galp-(1→, C-2 and C-3 of →1)-α-L-Araf, C-2 of →1)-α-L-Araf-(3→, and C-6 and C-3 of →1)-α-D-Glcp. In vivo antiaging activity results proved that TTP-1 and PTTP-1 could both significantly improve the body weight, spleen index, and thymus index of the D-galactose-induced aging mice, increase the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and reduce malondialdehyde contents in the liver, brain, and serum of aging mice. These results indicated that both TPP-1 and PTTP-1 presented significant antiaging activity. Moreover, PTTP-1 showed stronger antiaging effects in aging mice, indicating that phosphorylation improved antiaging effect.
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Chemical structure, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of a cell wall α-d-mannan from yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1298-1305. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Kosanić M, Ranković B, Rančić A, Stanojković T. Evaluation of metal concentration and antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potentials of two edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus and Macrolepiota procera. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:477-484. [PMID: 28911552 PMCID: PMC9336663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study is designed for the determination of metal concentrations, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential of two edible mushrooms Lactarius deliciosus and Macrolepiota procera. Concentrations of nine metals are determined and all metals are present in the allowable concentrations in the tested mushrooms except Cd in M. procera. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by free radical scavenging and reducing power. M. procera extract had more potent free radical scavenging activity (IC50=311.40 μg/mL) than L. deliciosus extract. Moreover, the tested extracts had effective reducing power. The total content of phenol in the extracts was examined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and obtained values expressed as pyrocatechol equivalents. Further, the antimicrobial potential was determined with a microdilution method on 15 microorganisms. Among the tested species, extract of L. deliciosus showed a better antimicrobial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values ranging from 2.5 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL. Finally, the cytotoxic activity was tested using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method on human epithelial carcinoma HeLa cells, human lung carcinoma A549 cells, and human colon carcinoma LS174 cells. Extract of both mushrooms expressed similar cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 19.01 μg/mL to 80.27 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijana Kosanić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,
Serbia
- Corresponding author. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Radoja Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia. E-mail address: (M. Kosanić)
| | - Branislav Ranković
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,
Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Rančić
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,
Serbia
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Zhu ZY, Liu XC, Dong FY, Guo MZ, Wang XT, Wang Z, Zhang YM. Influence of fermentation conditions on polysaccharide production and the activities of enzymes involved in the polysaccharide synthesis of Cordyceps militaris. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:3909-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7235-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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