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Shilwant S, Hundal JS, Singla M, Patra AK. Ruminal fermentation and methane production in vitro, milk production, nutrient utilization, blood profile, and immune responses of lactating goats fed polyphenolic and saponin-rich plant extracts. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:10901-10913. [PMID: 36087183 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a composite plant extract (CPE) rich in polyphenolics and saponins from seeds of Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), root of Asparagus racemosus (shatavari), bark of Amoora rohituka (rohitaka), and peel of Punica granatum (pomegranate) on ruminal fermentation and methanogenesis in vitro, milk production, nutrient digestibility, immune response, and blood profiles in lactating Beetal goats fed CPE at 20 g/kg diet. Dose effect of CPE was assessed using different doses (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 g/kg substrate) to find out an optimum dose for the in vivo study. The in vivo experiment lasted 70 days including a 10-day adaptation period. In the in vitro study, dry matter (DM) and fiber degradability increased linearly (P < 0.05) and methane production and ammonia concentration decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing doses of CPE. Concentrations of total VFA and proportion of propionate increased (P < 0.001) linearly, whereas proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio decreased with a linear effect. Dietary CPE increased milk yield (P = 0.017) and concentrations of protein and lactose (P = 0.045) by CPE, but concentrations of fat and solid not fat in milk were not affected (P > 0.10). Somatic cell counts in milk reduced (P = 0.045) in the CPE-fed goats. Apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.037) increased significantly and NDF (P = 0.066) tended to increase due to supplementation of CPE. Blood glucose (P = 0.028) and albumin (P = 0.007) concentrations increased, while other liver-marker metabolites and enzyme activities and superoxide dismutase activity were not altered in goats due to feeding of CPE. Concentrations of total amino acids (P = 0.010), total essential amino acids (P = 0.012), and total ketogenic amino acids (P < 0.001) were greater in the CPE-fed goats than the control goats. Cell-mediated immune response improved due to CPE feeding. This study suggests that the CPE rich in both phenolics and saponins could improve ruminal fermentation, milk production, and nutrient utilization in lactating goats with better health status while decreasing methane emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Shilwant
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Jaspal Singh Hundal
- Department of Animal Nutrition, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Mandeep Singla
- Goat Farm, Directorate of Livestock Farm, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700037, India.
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Emiliani E, Jara A, Kanashiro AK. Phytotherapy and Herbal Medicines for Kidney Stones. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:22-30. [PMID: 32990535 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200929115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stones are one of the longest known and most common diseases in the urinary tract, with a prevalence that ranges from 1% to 20%. Many phytotherapeutic and herbal medicines have been described for the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of publications on various phytotherapeutic and herbal medicines, including both clinical and animal studies. RESULTS Phytotherapy may influence the risk of recurrence of calcium oxalate and uric acid stones. The most solid evidence relates to Phyllanthus niruri, one of the most studied phytotherapeutics; findings suggest that it interferes with calcium oxalate crystallization, reduces hyperoxaluria and hyperuricosuria, and increases the efficacy of shock wave lithotripsy due to reduced crystallization, without significant adverse effects. Theobromine has been shown to reduce the crystallization of uric acid in patients and appears to be a promising supplement to treat such stones. CONCLUSION Many phytotherapeutic and herbal agents have been studied for the treatment of urolithiasis, most of them only in a small number of patients or in animal models. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to evaluate the effects of these agents on kidney stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Emiliani
- Department of Urology, Fundación puigvert. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adrian Jara
- Department of urology, Clinica Urologica Rubinstein. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andres Koey Kanashiro
- Department of Urology, Fundación puigvert. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ahmed NZ, Ahmed K, Anwar N, Ezhil R, Anjum N, Khan AA. Lithotriptic effect of Safūf Hajar-al Yahūd in patients of Hasat-ul Kilya (Nephrolithiasis) - an open prospective clinical validation trial. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 18:139-146. [PMID: 32427123 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hasat-ul Kilya (Nephrolithiasis) is one of the most common chronic conditions and has been known to the mankind since antiquity. The incidence is increasing globally with geographic, racial and gender variation in its occurrence. Medical management of Nephrolithiasis still poses a considerable challenge for modern medical practice. Unani drugs possessing lithotriptic activity are not only cost effective but also have least side effects. Safūf Hajar-al Yahūd has been used since long for the treatment of Hasat-ul Kilya (Nephrolithiasis) but no documentary evidence based on scientific parameters as to its safety and efficacy are available. OBJECTIVE To validate the safety and efficacy of Safūf Hajar-al Yahūd in the treatment of Hasat-ul Kilya. METHODOLOGY An open prospective clinical trial was carried out on 107 subjects of renal calculi of 3-7 mm diameter diagnosed by Ultrasonogram-KUB (USG-KUB). Subjects were evaluated by clinical history & examination, laboratory investigations followed by USG-KUB for confirmation. The safety was assessed by reporting of adverse events and by pathological and biochemical investigations. Assessment of efficacy was based on improvement observed in VAS score and expulsion/reduction of stone size as detected by USG-KUB. RESULTS Substantial reduction (53%) in the size of calculi confirmed by USG-KUB and considerable lowering of VAS score (75%) were observed with the active intervention in majority of the cases. CONCLUSION The trial has revealed that the Unani pharmacopoeal formulation Safūf Hajar-al Yahūd was well tolerated and has the therapeutic potential in the reduction and expulsion of renal calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Zaheer Ahmed
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, India.,Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, 600013, India
| | - Kabiruddin Ahmed
- Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, India.,Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, India
| | - Noman Anwar
- Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, India.,Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, India
| | - Radhakrishnan Ezhil
- Regional Research Institute of Unani Medicine, Chennai, India.,Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, India
| | - Nighat Anjum
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, India
| | - Asim Ali Khan
- Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, Ministry of AYUSH, Govt of India, India
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Flavonoids Luteolin and Quercetin Inhibit RPS19 and contributes to metastasis of cancer cells through c-Myc reduction. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:1180-1191. [PMID: 29976410 PMCID: PMC9303038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids luteolin and quercetin can inhibit growth and metastasis of cancer cells. In our previous report, luteolin and quercetin was shown to block Akt/mTOR/c-Myc signaling. Here, we found luteolin and quercetin reduced protein level and transactivation activity of RPS19 in A431-III cells, which is isolated from parental A431 (A431-P) cell line. Further investigation the inhibitory mechanism of luteolin and quercetin on RPS19, we found c-Myc binding sites on RPS19 promoter. The Akt inhibitor LY294002, mTOR inhibitor rapamycin and c-Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 significantly suppressed RPS19 expression and transactivation activities. Overexpression and knockdown of c-Myc in cancer cells show RPS19 expression was regulated by c-Myc. Furthermore, Knockdown and overexpression of RPS19 was used to analyze of the function of RPS19 in cancer cells. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers and metastasis abilities of cancer cells were also regulated by RPS19. These data suggest that luteolin and quercetin might inhibit metastasis of cancer cells by blocking Akt/mTOR/c-Myc signaling pathway to suppress RPS19-activated EMT signaling.
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Nirumand MC, Hajialyani M, Rahimi R, Farzaei MH, Zingue S, Nabavi SM, Bishayee A. Dietary Plants for the Prevention and Management of Kidney Stones: Preclinical and Clinical Evidence and Molecular Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518971 PMCID: PMC5877626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Kidney stones are one of the oldest known and common diseases in the urinary tract system. Various human studies have suggested that diets with a higher intake of vegetables and fruits play a role in the prevention of kidney stones. In this review, we have provided an overview of these dietary plants, their main chemical constituents, and their possible mechanisms of action. Camellia sinensis (green tea), Rubus idaeus (raspberry), Rubia cordifolia (common madder), Petroselinum crispum (parsley), Punica granatum (pomegranate), Pistacia lentiscus (mastic), Solanum xanthocarpum (yellow-fruit nightshade), Urtica dioica (stinging nettle), Dolichos biflorus (horse gram), Ammi visnaga (khella), Nigella sativa (black-cumin), Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), and Origanum vulgare (oregano) have received considerable interest based on scientific evidence. Beside these dietary plants, phytochemicals—such as catechin, epicatechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, diosmin, rutin, quercetin, hyperoside, and curcumin—as antioxidant dietary phyto-phenols were found to be effective for the prevention of urolithiasis (the process of stone formation in the urinary tract). The main underlying mechanisms of these dietary plants and their isolated phytonutrients in the management of urolithiasis include diuretic, antispasmodic, and antioxidant activity, as well as an inhibitory effect on crystallization, nucleation, and aggregation of crystals. The results as presented in this review demonstrate the promising role of dietary plants and phytophenols in the prevention and management of kidney stones. Further investigations are required to confirm the safety and efficacy of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Cheraghi Nirumand
- Office of Persian Medicine, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran 1467664961, Iran.
| | - Marziyeh Hajialyani
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Roja Rahimi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416663361, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran.
| | - Stéphane Zingue
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Maroua 55, Cameroon.
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde 812, Cameroon.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran.
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL 33169, USA.
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Hung SF, Roan SF, Chang TL, King HB, Chen IZ. Analysis of aroma compounds and nutrient contents of mabolo (Diospyros blancoi A. DC.), an ethnobotanical fruit of Austronesian Taiwan. J Food Drug Anal 2016; 24:83-89. [PMID: 28911412 PMCID: PMC9345435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diospyros blancoi A. DC. is an evergreen tree species of high-quality wood. Mabolo, the fruit of this plant, is popular among the natives in Taiwan, but its potential in economic use has not been fully explored. Mabolo has a rich aroma. Of the 39 different volatile compounds isolated, its intact fruit and peel were found to both contain 24 compounds, whereas the pulp contained 28 compounds. The most important aroma compounds were esters and α-farnesene. Our data show that mabolo is rich in dietary fiber (3.2%), and the contents of other nutrients such as malic acid, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, folic acid, pantothenic acid, and choline chloride were 227.1 mg/100 g, 0.075 mg/100 g, 0.157 mg/100 g, 0.623 mg/100 g, 0.19 mg/100 g, and 62.52 mg/100 g, respectively. Moreover, it is rich in calcium and zinc; the contents of which were found to be 42.8 mg/100 g and 3.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Our results show that D. blancoi has the potential to be bred for a novel fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Feng Hung
- Hengchun Research Center, Taiwan Forestry Research Institute, Hengchun, Pingtung,
Taiwan
| | - Su-Feng Roan
- Department of Horticulture and Biotechnology, Chinese Culture University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Liang Chang
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | | | - Iou-Zen Chen
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, Taipei,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. E-mail address: (I.-Z. Chen)
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