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Li Y, Song H, Zhang Z, Li R, Zhang Y, Yang L, Li J, Zhu D, Liu J, Yu H, Liu H. Effects of fermentation with different probiotics on the quality, isoflavone content, and flavor of okara beverages. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:2619-2633. [PMID: 38628216 PMCID: PMC11016408 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare and evaluate a new probiotic functional beverage, using single-probiotic and compound probiotic fermentation on okara. Four different forms of fermentation microorganisms used were Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus S24 (Lr), Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 6244 (Lp), Lactobacillus acidophilus 11,073 (La), and mixed fermentation (Lr + Lp + La). The physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, flavor change, and storage period of fermented okara beverages with probiotics were investigated. The results showed that different fermentation schemes could significantly improve the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality of the okara beverages. The number of viable bacteria in the Lp group (3.53 × 108 CFU/mL), isoflavone content (0.514 μg/mL) were the highest; total phenol and flavonoid content were 3.32 and 5.68 times higher than in the CK group, respectively. DPPH and ABTS+ free radical scavenging rates were increased by 11.32% and 20%, respectively (p < .05). Through SPME/GC-MS analysis, 44 volatile compounds were identified in the Lr + Lp + La groups, mainly as a result of changes in alcohols and aldehydes produced by fermentation metabolism. It enhances the floral and fruity aroma of the okara beverage. All probiotic-fermented okara beverages can be stored at 4°C for 15 days, with probiotic activity greater than 107 CFU/mL. This study can obtain a probiotic okara beverage rich in soybean isoflavones and with good flavor. Overall, okara can be used to develop functional beverages containing probiotics and contribute to a zero-waste approach in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixue Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Hong Song
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Zunqin Zhang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Ran Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Jun Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
| | - Jun Liu
- Shandong Yuwang Ecogical Food Industry Co., Ltd.YuchengChina
| | - Hansong Yu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringJilin Agricultural UniversityChangchunChina
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and TechnologyBohai UniversityJinzhouChina
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Tareq FS, Kotha RR, Natarajan S, Sun J, Luthria DL. An Untargeted Metabolomics Approach to Study the Variation between Wild and Cultivated Soybeans. Molecules 2023; 28:5507. [PMID: 37513379 PMCID: PMC10386028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The differential metabolite profiles of four wild and ten cultivated soybeans genotypes were explored using an untargeted metabolomics approach. Ground soybean seed samples were extracted with methanol and water, and metabolic features were obtained using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS) in both positive and negative ion modes. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis of the two different extracts resulted in the putative identification of 98 metabolites belonging to several classes of phytochemicals, including isoflavones, organic acids, lipids, sugars, amino acids, saponins, and other compounds. The metabolic profile was significantly impacted by the polarity of the extraction solvent. Multivariate analysis showed a clear difference between wild and cultivated soybean cultivars. Unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms were applied to mine the generated data and to pinpoint metabolites differentiating wild and cultivated soybeans. The key identified metabolites differentiating wild and cultivated soybeans were isoflavonoids, free amino acids, and fatty acids. Catechin analogs, cynaroside, hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acid derivatives, amino acid, and uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine were upregulated in the methanol extract of wild soybeans. In contrast, isoflavonoids and other minor compounds were downregulated in the same soybean extract. This metabolic information will benefit breeders and biotechnology professionals to develop value-added soybeans with improved quality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakir Shahidullah Tareq
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Raghavendhar R Kotha
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Savithiry Natarajan
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Jianghao Sun
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- Methods and Application of Food Composition Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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Zhang J, Urriola PE, Naeve SL, Shurson GC, Chen C. Counteracting Roles of Lipidic Aldehydes and Phenolic Antioxidants on Soy Protein Oxidation Defined by a Chemometric Survey of Solvent and Mechanically Extracted Soybean Meals. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1419. [PMID: 37507956 PMCID: PMC10376880 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal (SBM) is a premier source of protein for feeding food-producing animals. However, its nutritional value can be compromised by protein oxidation. In this study, a total of 54 sources of solvent extracted SBM (SSBM) and eight sources of mechanically extracted SBM (MSBM), collected from different commercial producers and geographic locations in the United States during the years 2020 and 2021, were examined by chemometric analysis to determine the extent of protein oxidation and its correlation with soybean oil extraction methods and non-protein components. The results showed substantial differences between SSBM and MSBM in the proximate analysis composition, protein carbonyl content, lipidic aldehydes, and antioxidants, as well as subtle differences between 2020 SSBM and 2021 SSBM samples in protein oxidation and moisture content. Correlation analysis further showed positive correlations between protein carbonyl content and multiple lipid parameters, including the ether extract, p-anisidine value, individual aldehydes, and total aldehydes. Among the antioxidants in SBM, negative correlations with protein carbonyl content were observed for total phenolic content and isoflavone glycoside concentrations, but not for Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), α-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol. Overall, soybean oil extraction methods, together with other factors such as enzyme treatment and environmental conditions, can significantly affect the proximate analysis composition, the protein and lipid oxidation status, and the antioxidant profile of SBM. Lipidic aldehydes and phenolic antioxidants play counteracting roles in the oxidation of soy protein. The range of protein carbonyl content measured in this study could serve as a reference to evaluate the protein quality of SBM from various sources used in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pedro E Urriola
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Seth L Naeve
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Gerald C Shurson
- Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Kwon EB, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Kim B, Lee SB, Park SK, Choi MS, Ha H, Choi JG. Antiviral activity of soybean GL 2626/96 (Glycine max) ethanolic extract against influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Lee S, Kwon RH, Kim JH, Na H, Lee SJ, Choi YM, Yoon H, Kim SY, Kim YS, Lee SH, Yoo SM, Kim HW, Wee CD. Changes in Isoflavone Profile from Soybean Seeds during Cheonggukjang Fermentation Based on High-Resolution UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS: New Succinylated and Phosphorylated Conjugates. Molecules 2022; 27:4120. [PMID: 35807366 PMCID: PMC9268511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, thirty-eight isoflavone derivatives were comprehensively identified and quantified from the raw, steamed and fermented seeds of four selected soybean cultivars based on UPLC-DAD-QToF/MS results with reference to the previously reported LC-MS library and flavonoid database, and summarized by acylated group including glucosides (Glu), malonyl-glucosides (Mal-Glu), acetyl-glucosides (Ac-Glu), succinyl-glucosides (Suc-Glu) and phosphorylated conjugates (Phos) in addition to aglycones. Among them, Suc-Glu and Phos derivatives were newly generated due to fermentation by B. subtilis AFY-2 (cheonggukjang). In particular, Phos were characterized for the first time in fermented soy products using Bacillus species. From a proposed roadmap on isoflavone-based biotransformation, predominant Mal-Glu (77.5-84.2%, raw) decreased rapidly by decarboxylation and deesterification into Ac-Glu and Glu (3.5-8.1% and 50.0-72.2%) during steaming, respectively. As fermentation continued, the increased Glu were mainly succinylated and phosphorylated as well as gradually hydrolyzed into their corresponding aglycones. Thus, Suc-Glu and Phos (17.3-22.4% and 1.5-5.4%, 36 h) determined depending on cultivar type and incubation time, and can be considered as important biomarkers generated during cheonggukjang fermentation. Additionally, the changes of isoflavone profile can be used as a fundamental report in applied microbial science as well as bioavailability research from fermented soy foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Lee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Ryeong Ha Kwon
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Ju Hyung Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Hyemin Na
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - So-Jeong Lee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Yu-Mi Choi
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - Hyemyeong Yoon
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea; (Y.-M.C.); (H.Y.)
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Yong-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea;
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Seon Mi Yoo
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
| | - Chi-Do Wee
- Department of Agro-Food Resources, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (S.L.); (R.H.K.); (J.H.K.); (H.N.); (S.-J.L.); (S.Y.K.); (S.H.L.); (S.M.Y.)
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Moreno-García KL, Antunes-Ricardo M, Martínez-Ávila M, Milán-Carrillo J, Guajardo-Flores D. Evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antihyperglycemic activities of black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by-product extracts obtained by supercritical CO2. J Supercrit Fluids 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2022.105560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Titova MV, Kochkin DV, Sobolkova GI, Fomenkov AA, Sidorov RA, Nosov AM. Obtainment and Characterization of Alhagi persarum Boiss. et Buhse Callus Cell Cultures that Produce Isoflavonoids. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368382108007x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yates PS, Roberson J, Ramsue LK, Song BH. Bridging the Gaps between Plant and Human Health: A Systematic Review of Soyasaponins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:14387-14401. [PMID: 34843230 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Saponins, prominent secondary plant metabolites, are recognized for their roles in plant defense and medicinal benefits. Soyasaponins, commonly derived from legumes, are a class of triterpenoid saponins that demonstrate significant potential for plant and human health applications. Previous research and reviews largely emphasize human health effects of soyasaponins. However, the biological effects of soyasaponins and their implications for plants in the context of human health have not been well-discussed. This review provides comprehensive discussions on the biological roles of soyasaponins in plant defense and rhizosphere microbial interactions; biosynthetic regulation and compound production; immunological effects and potential for therapeutics; and soyasaponin acquisition attributed to processing effects, bioavailability, and biotransformation processes based on recent soyasaponin research. Given the multifaceted biological effects elicited by soyasaponins, further research warrants an integrated approach to understand molecular mechanisms of regulations in their production as well as their applications in plant and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping S Yates
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28262, United States
| | - Julia Roberson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28262, United States
| | - Lyric K Ramsue
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28262, United States
| | - Bao-Hua Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina 28262, United States
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9
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Pandohee J, Kyereh E, Kulshrestha S, Xu B, Mahomoodally MF. Review of the recent developments in metabolomics-based phytochemical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34672234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1993127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are important bioactive components present in natural products. Although the health benefits of many food products are well-known and accepted as a common knowledge, the identity of the main bioactive molecules and the mechanism by which they interact in the body of human are often unknown. It was only in the last 30 years when the field of metabolomics had matured that the identification of such molecules with bioactivity has been made possible through the development of instruments to separate and computational techniques to characterize complex samples. This in turn has enabled in vitro studies to quantify the biological activity of the respective phytochemical either in mice models or in humans. In this review, the importance of key dietary phytochemicals such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, resveratrol, curcumin, and capsaicinoids are discussed together with their potential functions for human health. Untargeted metabolomics, in particular, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, is the most used method to isolate, identify and profile bioactive compounds in the study of phytochemicals in foods. The application of metabolomics in drug discovery is a common practice nowadays and has boosted the drug and/or supplement manufacturing sector.HighlightsPhytochemicals are beneficial compounds for human healthPhytochemicals are plant-based bioactive and obtainable from natural productsUntargeted metabolomics has boosted the discovery of phytochemicals from foodTargeted metabolomics is key in the authentication and screening of phytochemicalsMetabolomics of phytochemicals is reshaping the road to drug and supplement manufacture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Pandohee
- Centre for Crop and Disease Management, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | | | - Saurabh Kulshrestha
- School of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Baojun Xu
- Food Science and Technology Program, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
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Tava A, Biazzi E, Ronga D, Mella M, Doria F, D’Addabbo T, Candido V, Avato P. Chemical Identification of Specialized Metabolites from Sulla ( Hedysarum coronarium L.) Collected in Southern Italy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26154606. [PMID: 34361758 PMCID: PMC8348538 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26154606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a biennal forage legume originated from the Mediterranean basin and used for animal feeding due to its high forage quality and palatability. Several species of Hedysarum have been considered for their nutritional, pharmaceutical, and biological properties, and different applications have been reported, both for human consumption and animal nutrition. Although a systematic investigation of the chemical constituents of Hedysarum spp. has been performed in order to provide chemotaxonomic evidences for the genus and to support the pharmacological application of several species within the genus, few data are available on the chemical constituents of H. coronarium, and only the content of condensed tannins and flavonoids in leaves has been previously reported. In the present paper, results from a detailed chemical analysis of the extracts from the leaves and flowers of H. coronarium grown wild in southern Italy are presented. Identification of the main specialized metabolites within the chemical classes of flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and saponins, is described, including considerations on their content in the two plant organs. Information acquired from this study expands the knowledge on H. coronarium as a source of valuable phytochemicals for different applications in human and animal health and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Tava
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.B.); (D.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-03-714-0471
| | - Elisa Biazzi
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.B.); (D.R.)
| | - Domenico Ronga
- CREA Research Centre for Animal Production and Aquaculture, Viale Piacenza 29, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.B.); (D.R.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Mariella Mella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Filippo Doria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (M.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Trifone D’Addabbo
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Council of Research, 70125 Bari, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Candido
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures, Environment and Cultural Heritage, University of Basilicata, Via Lanera 20, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Pinarosa Avato
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70125 Bari, Italy;
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11
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Borges MS, Zanatta AC, Souza OA, Pelissari JH, Camargo JGS, Carneiro RL, Funari CS, Bolzani VS, Rinaldo D. A green and sustainable method for monitoring the chemical composition of soybean: an alternative for quality control. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2021; 32:562-574. [PMID: 33118221 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Soybean is one of the most important crops in the world, an important source of isoflavones, and used to treat various chronic diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), associated with multivariate experiments and green solvents, is increasingly used to develop comprehensive elution methods for quality control of plants and derivatives. OBJECTIVE The work aims to establish a HPLC fingerprinting method for soybean seeds employing Green Chemistry Principles, a sustainable solvent with low toxicity, and a comprehensive experimental design that reduces the number of experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS The fingerprinting method was optimised through Design of Experiments by evaluating seven chromatographic variables: initial percentage of ethanol (X1), final percentage of ethanol (X2), temperature (X3), percentage of acetic acid in water (X4), flow rate (X5), run time (X6), and stationary phase (X7). The dependent variable was the number of peaks (n). RESULTS An initial factorial design for screening purposes indicated that the most significant quantitative parameters to separate soybean metabolites were X1 and X3. The conditions were optimised by a Doehlert design, to obtain a HPLC-PAD (photodiode array detector) fingerprinting of the polar extract of soybean seeds with the markers identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The optimum fingerprinting method was determined as 5-55% of ethanol in 30 min, at 35°C, and flow rate of 1 mL/min, by employing a phenyl-hexyl column (150 mm × 4.6 mm). CONCLUSION The developed green method enabled markers of soybean to be separated and identified and could be an eco-friendlier alternative for soybean quality control that covered seven Green Analytical Chemistry Principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiara S Borges
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Zanatta
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Otávio A Souza
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - João H Pelissari
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Júlio G S Camargo
- School of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato L Carneiro
- Department of Chemistry, UFSCar - Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano S Funari
- School of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlan S Bolzani
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rinaldo
- Institute of Chemistry, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- School of Sciences, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Bauru, SP, Brazil
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12
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Ethanol extracts from Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel: Potential bioactivities as affected by alkaline hydrolysis and simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109363. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Carneiro AM, Moreira EA, Bragagnolo FS, Borges MS, Pilon AC, Rinaldo D, Funari CS. Soya agricultural waste as a rich source of isoflavones. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108949. [PMID: 32156391 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Soybeans are among the world's major crops responsible for food and biodiesel production, as well as a major source of isoflavones - a class of high value-added bioactive compounds. As estimated 460 million tonnes of soya residues (branches, leaves, roots, and pods) will be produced in the 2018/2019 harvest, and 20-40% of this waste must be removed from the field to ensure soil quality and minimize environmental impacts. This work investigated the potential occurrence and content of isoflavones in soya agricultural waste collected directly from the ground after mechanically harvesting. We also assessed the extraction performances of ethanol and acetone for these materials as an alternative to acetonitrile, a problematic solvent from an environmental point of view. Considerable amounts of isoflavones were found in soya agricultural waste collected directly from the ground when compared to soybeans (2.71 ± 0.27, 0.57 ± 0.1, 0.30 ± 0.05 and 2.09 ± 0.24 kg of isoflavones/tonne of leaves, branches, pods, and soybeans, respectively). The greener ethanol and acetone performed well for a broad range of compounds. This is an example in which appreciable amounts of high value-added compounds are wasted. Since isoflavones are considered phytoestrogens, their recovery from part of this waste might avoid potential contamination of soil and groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduarda Antunes Moreira
- USP - University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maiara Stefanini Borges
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, School of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan Cesar Pilon
- USP - University of São Paulo, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Rinaldo
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, School of Sciences, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; UNESP - São Paulo State University, Institute of Chemistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristiano Soleo Funari
- UNESP - São Paulo State University, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Damián-Medina K, Salinas-Moreno Y, Milenkovic D, Figueroa-Yáñez L, Marino-Marmolejo E, Higuera-Ciapara I, Vallejo-Cardona A, Lugo-Cervantes E. In silico analysis of antidiabetic potential of phenolic compounds from blue corn ( Zea mays L.) and black bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Heliyon 2020; 6:e03632. [PMID: 32258479 PMCID: PMC7110303 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in bioactive compounds, especially in polyphenols, is due to their abundance in the human diet and potentially positive effects on health. The consumption of polyphenols has been shown to possess anti-diabetic properties by preventing insulin resistance or insulin secretion through different signaling pathways, this effect is associated with their capacity to exert genomic modulations. Several studies have suggested that polyphenols could also bind to cellular proteins and modulate their activity, however, the mechanisms of action underlying their beneficial effects are complex and are not fully understood. The aim of this work was to characterize phenolic compounds present in blue corn and black bean extracts as well as identify their potential interactions with target proteins involved in diabetes pathogenesis using in silico approach. Total polyphenols content of both blue corn and black beans was identified using UPLC-ESI/qTOF/MS and quantified by colorimetric assays. In this work we identified twenty-eight phenolic compounds in the extracts, mainly anthocyanins, flavonols, hydroxycinamic acids, dihydroxybenzoic acids, flavones, isoflavones, and flavanols. Interactome of these compounds with thirteen target proteins involved in type 2 diabetes mellitus was performed in-silico. In total, 312 bioactive compounds/protein interaction analyses were acquired. Molecular docking results highlighted that nine of the top ten interactions correspond to anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside with 11β-HS, GFAT, PPARG; delphinidin 3-glucoside with 11β-HS, GFAT, PTP and RTKs; and petunidin 3-glucoside with 11β-HS and PTP. These proteins are involved in mechanisms regulating functions such as inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, glucose and lipid metabolism. In conclusion, this work provides a prediction of the potential molecular mechanism of black bean and blue corn polyphenols, specifically anthocyanins and could constitute new pathways by which compounds exert their antidiabetic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Damián-Medina
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Y. Salinas-Moreno
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), Tepatitlán 47600, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - D. Milenkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, F-63000 Clermont–Ferrand, France
| | - L. Figueroa-Yáñez
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E. Marino-Marmolejo
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - I. Higuera-Ciapara
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - A. Vallejo-Cardona
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019 Jalisco, Mexico
| | - E. Lugo-Cervantes
- Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco, A.C. (CIATEJ), Food Technology Unit, 45019 Jalisco, Mexico
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15
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Damián-Medina K, Salinas-Moreno Y, Milenkovic D, Figueroa-Yáñez L, Marino-Marmolejo E, Higuera-Ciapara I, Vallejo-Cardona A, Lugo-Cervantes E. In silico analysis of antidiabetic potential of phenolic compounds from blue corn (Zea mays L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Heliyon 2020; 6:e03632. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
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16
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Kim DH, Yang WT, Cho KM, Lee JH. Comparative analysis of isoflavone aglycones using microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis from soybean organs at different growth times and screening for their digestive enzyme inhibition and antioxidant properties. Food Chem 2020; 305:125462. [PMID: 31618694 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to demonstrate the changes in isoflavone-aglycones, total phenolics, and biological properties (digestive enzyme inhibition; antioxidant) from six organs including leaves, leafstalks, roots, stems, seeds, and pods at different growth times of soybean plant. Three isoflavone-aglycones in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis extracts were elucidated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS and their contents exhibited remarkable differences in leaves (245.93-2239.33 μg/g), roots (854.96-4425.34 μg/g), and seeds (ND-2339.62 μg/g). Specifically, the collected samples on 15-Oct (leaves: 2239.33; seeds: 2339.62 μg/g) and 31-Aug (roots: 4425.34 μg/g) showed the highest isoflavone-aglycones, and daidzein was observed the most abundant component, comprising approximately 70%. Moreover, the inhibitions against α-glucosidase and α-amylase displayed the predominant effects in roots (89;91%) and leaves (81;85%) of samples on 31-Aug and 15-Oct at 300 μg/ml. The antioxidant activities on ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals increased considerably with the increases of growth times in leaves and seeds, especially, ABTS showed the highest scavenging abilities: leaves (15-Oct;83%) > roots (31-Aug;75%) > seeds (15-Oct;68%). Therefore, our results suggest that soybean leaves, roots and seeds may be considered as excellent natural sources for nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hyun Kim
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Tae Yang
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
| | - Kye Man Cho
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 34111, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Hwan Lee
- Department of Life Resource Industry, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea.
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de Camargo AC, Favero BT, Morzelle MC, Franchin M, Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Geraldi MV, Maróstica Júnior MR, Shahidi F, Schwember AR. Is Chickpea a Potential Substitute for Soybean? Phenolic Bioactives and Potential Health Benefits. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2644. [PMID: 31146372 PMCID: PMC6600242 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Legume seeds are rich sources of protein, fiber, and minerals. In addition, their phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites render health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Lowering apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells and decreasing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol oxidation are mechanisms related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Likewise, low-level chronic inflammation and related disorders of the immune system are clinical predictors of cardiovascular pathology. Furthermore, DNA-damage signaling and repair are crucial pathways to the etiology of human cancers. Along CVD and cancer, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes is constantly increasing. Screening the ability of polyphenols in inactivating digestive enzymes is a good option in pre-clinical studies. In addition, in vivo studies support the role of polyphenols in the prevention and/or management of diabetes and obesity. Soybean, a well-recognized source of phenolic isoflavones, exerts health benefits by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation related to the above-mentioned chronic ailments. Similar to soybeans, chickpeas are good sources of nutrients and phenolic compounds, especially isoflavones. This review summarizes the potential of chickpea as a substitute for soybean in terms of health beneficial outcomes. Therefore, this contribution may guide the industry in manufacturing functional foods and/or ingredients by using an undervalued feedstock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Costa de Camargo
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Bruno Trevenzoli Favero
- University of Copenhagen, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
| | - Maressa Caldeira Morzelle
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Fernando Correa Avenue, P.O. box 2367, Cuiabá, MT 78060-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Franchin
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Emilio Alvarez-Parrilla
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, s/n, Cd, Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México.
| | - Laura A de la Rosa
- Department of Chemical Biological Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo, s/n, Cd, Juárez, Chihuahua 32310, México.
| | - Marina Vilar Geraldi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil.
| | | | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada.
| | - Andrés R Schwember
- Departamento de Ciencias Vegetales, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Casilla 306-22, Santiago, Chile.
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