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Khalid W, Arshad MS, Aslam N, Mukhtar S, Rahim MA, Ranjha MMAN, Noreen S, Afzal MF, Aziz A, Awuchi CG. Food applications of sorghum derived kafirins potentially valuable in celiac disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2135532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Noman Aslam
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Mukhtar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, the University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Sana Noreen
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, the University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Meena K, Visarada KBRS, Meena D. Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench a multifarious crop -fodder to therapeutic potential and biotechnological applications: A future food for the millennium. FUTURE FOODS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Soujanya KV, Jayadeep AP. Obesity-associated biochemical markers of inflammation and the role of grain phytochemicals. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14257. [PMID: 35674206 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity or excessive fat accumulation in the body is increasing worldwide and has become one of the major growing health problems. Obese condition is linked with an increased level of body lipids, oxidative stress, and expression of inflammatory markers. This leads to plasma and hepatic hyperlipidemia, activation of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and transcriptional factors, which in turn lead to a high risk of cardiovascular diseases, insulin resistance, diabetes, asthma, rheumatological problem, and liver failure. Grains are the major staple food crops grown for consumption in most of the developing countries. Cereals and millets, such as rice, wheat, maize, barley, finger millet, foxtail millet, proso millet, kodo millet in the whole form with bran, germ, and endosperm, are found to be rich in phytochemicals, such as phenolics acids, vitamin E, phytosterols, carotenoids, antioxidants, dietary fiber, which have a potential health benefit on various lifestyle disorders. In this article, we summarize the findings and investigations regarding the anti-inflammatory effect of various grain phytochemicals in in vitro and in vivo models and their potential health benefits. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The occurrence of obesity is rising globally and is becoming a major health concern. Obesity will lead to multiple health problems due to oxidative and inflammatory stress in the body. Whole forms of cereals and millets consumptions have shown to reduce the risk of metabolic disorders and several chronic diseases. Potential bioactive components in various grains will act on the inhibition ofbiochemical markers connected with inflammation and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kategowdru Vijayakumar Soujanya
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
| | - Appukuttan Padmanabhan Jayadeep
- Department of Grain Science and Technology, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, India
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Khalid W, Ali A, Arshad MS, Afzal F, Akram R, Siddeeg A, Kousar S, Rahim MA, Aziz A, Maqbool Z, Saeed A. Nutrients and bioactive compounds of Sorghum bicolor L. used to prepare functional foods: a review on the efficacy against different chronic disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2022.2071293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, China
- Food and Nutrition Society, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan
| | | | - Fareed Afzal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramish Akram
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Azhari Siddeeg
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - Safura Kousar
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Afifa Aziz
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Maqbool
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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I. Mohamed H, M. Fawzi E, Basit A, Kaleemullah, Lone R, R. Sofy M. Sorghum: Nutritional Factors, Bioactive Compounds, Pharmaceutical and Application in Food Systems: A Review. PHYTON 2022; 91:1303-1325. [DOI: 10.32604/phyton.2022.020642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
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Bioactive Compounds and Biological Activities of Sorghum Grains. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112868. [PMID: 34829151 PMCID: PMC8618165 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum is the fifth most commonly used cereal worldwide and is a rich source of many bioactive compounds. We summarized phenolic compounds and carotenoids, vitamin E, amines, and phytosterols in sorghum grains. Recently, with the development of detection technology, new bioactive compounds such as formononetin, glycitein, and ononin have been detected. In addition, multiple in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that sorghum grains have extensive bio-logical activities, such as antioxidative, anticancer, antidiabetic, antiinflammatory, and antiobesity properties. Finally, with the establishment of sorghum phenolic compounds database, the bound phenolics and their biological activities and the mechanisms of biological activities of sorghum bioactive compounds using clinical trials may be researched.
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Kumari P, Kumar V, Kumar R, Pahuja SK. Sorghum polyphenols: plant stress, human health benefits, and industrial applications. PLANTA 2021; 254:47. [PMID: 34374841 PMCID: PMC8353607 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03697-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Various phenolic compounds of sorghum are effective in the management of abiotic stress (salt, nutrients) and biotic stress (caused by birds, fungi and aphids). The health and industrial application of phenolics is mainly contributed by inherent antioxidant and nutraceutical potential. In a natural environment, plant growth is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses. In every ecosystem, the presence of a wide range of harmful biological agents (bacteria, fungi, nematodes, mites, and insects) and undesirable environmental factors (drought, salinity, heat, excessive or low rainfall, etc.) may cause a heavy loss in crop productivity. Being sessile during evolution, plants have evolved multiple defense mechanisms against various types of microbial pathogens and environmental stresses. A plant's natural defense system produces some compounds named secondary metabolites, which include phenolics, terpenes, and nitrogen. The phenolic profile of grain sorghum, the least utilized staple crop, is unique, more diverse, and more abundant than in any other common cereal grain. It mainly contains phenolic acids, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and condensed tannins. Sorghum polyphenols play a major role in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses and have many additional health benefits along with various industrial applications. The objective of this review is to discuss the phenolic compounds derived from grain sorghum and describe their role in plant defense, human health, and industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pummy Kumari
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, COA, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India.
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, COBS&H, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
| | - Surender Kumar Pahuja
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, COA, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, 125004, Haryana, India
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Salazar-López NJ, González-Aguilar GA, Rouzaud-Sández O, Loarca-Piña G, Gorinstein S, Robles-Sánchez M. Sorghum bran supplementation ameliorates dyslipidemia, glucose dysregulation, inflammation and stress oxidative induced by a high-fat diet in rats. CYTA - JOURNAL OF FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2019.1702105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, México
| | - Gustavo A. González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, Hermosillo, México
| | - Ofelia Rouzaud-Sández
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
| | - Guadalupe Loarca-Piña
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, México
| | - Shela Gorinstein
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University -Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Maribel Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, México
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Xiong Y, Zhang P, Warner RD, Fang Z. Sorghum Grain: From Genotype, Nutrition, and Phenolic Profile to Its Health Benefits and Food Applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:2025-2046. [PMID: 33336966 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Globally, sorghum is one of the most important but least utilized staple crops. Sorghum grain is a rich source of nutrients and health-beneficial phenolic compounds. The phenolic profile of sorghum is exceptionally unique and more abundant and diverse than other common cereal grains. The phenolic compounds in sorghum are mainly composed of phenolic acids, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, and condensed tannins. Studies have shown that sorghum phenolic compounds have potent antioxidant activity in vitro, and consumption of sorghum whole grain may improve gut health and reduce the risks of chronic diseases. Recently, sorghum grain has been used to develop functional foods and beverages, and as an ingredient incorporated into other foods. Moreover, the phenolic compounds, 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, and condensed tannins can be isolated and used as promising natural multifunctional additives in broad food applications. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of nutrition and phenolic compounds derived from sorghum and their related health effects, and demonstrate the potential for incorporation of sorghum in food systems as a functional component and food additive to improve food quality, safety, and health functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xiong
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Robyn Dorothy Warner
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, School of Agriculture and Food, Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
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Nguyen AT, Althwab S, Qiu H, Zbasnik R, Urrea C, Carr TP, Schlegel V. Pinto Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Lower Non-HDL Cholesterol in Hamsters Fed a Diet Rich in Saturated Fat and Act on Genes Involved in Cholesterol Homeostasis. J Nutr 2019; 149:996-1003. [PMID: 31006805 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pinto beans contain multiple active agents such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and saponins, and have been shown to lower cholesterol, but the mechanisms involved in this effect have not been explored. OBJECTIVE This study was to investigate the changes in cholesterol metabolism in response to whole pinto beans (wPB) and their hulls (hPB) supplemented into a diet rich in saturated fat and the molecular mechanisms potentially responsible for these effects in hamsters. METHODS Forty-four 9-wk-old male Golden Syrian hamsters were randomly assigned to 4 diet groups (n = 11), including a 5% (wt:wt) fat diet [normal-fat diet (NF)], a 15% (wt:wt) fat diet [diet rich in saturated fat (HSF), saturated fatty acids accounted for 70% of total fatty acids], or HSF supplemented with 5% (wt:wt) wPB or 0.5% (wt:wt) hPB for 4 wk. Plasma, liver, intestinal, and fecal samples were collected to evaluate multiple cholesterol markers and gene targets. RESULTS The plasma non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) concentration was significantly reduced in the wPB- and hPB-supplemented groups by 31.9 ± 3.5% and 53.6 ± 3.2%, respectively, compared with the HSF group (P < 0.01), to concentrations comparable with the NF group. The wPB-supplemented hamsters had significantly lower liver cholesterol (45.1%, P < 0.001) and higher fecal cholesterol concentrations (94.8%, P = 0.001) than those fed the HSF. The expressions of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (Hmgcr) and small intestinal acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (Acat2) were significantly decreased in animals administered wPB (by 89.1% and 63.8%, respectively) and hPB (by 72.9% and 47.7%, respectively) compared with their HSF-fed counterparts (P < 0.05). The wPB normalized the expression of Acat2 to the level of the NF group. CONCLUSION Pinto beans remediated high cholesterol induced by HSF in male hamsters by decreasing hepatic cholesterol synthesis and intestinal cholesterol absorption, effects which were partially exerted by the hulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Tien Nguyen
- Department of Food Science and Technology.,Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Dalat University, Dalat, Vietnam
| | - Sami Althwab
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haowen Qiu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences
| | | | - Carlos Urrea
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
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Exploring the nutritional and phytochemical potential of sorghum in food processing for food security. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/nfs-05-2018-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeSorghum is quite comparable to wheat, rich source of nutrients with various health benefits, and therefore considered as a grain of future. The purpose of this paper is to review the bioactive active compounds, health benefits and processing of the sorghum. Sorghum is utilized for animal feeding rather than the human food usage. Therefore, this paper focuses on the emerging new health foods with benefits of the sorghum.Design/methodology/approachMajor well-known bibliometric information sources searched were the Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and PubMed. Several keywords like nutritional value of sorghum, bioactive compounds present in sorghum, health benefits of sorghum and processing of sorghum were chosen to obtain a large range of papers to be analyzed. A final inventory of 91 scientific sources was made after sorting and classifying them according to different criteria based on topic, academic field country of origin and year of publication.FindingsFrom the literature reviewed, sorghum processing through various methods, including milling, malting, fermentation and blanching, bioactive compounds, as well as health benefits of sorghum were found and discussed.Originality/valueThrough this paper, possible processing methods and health benefits of sorghum are discussed after detailed studies of literature from journal articles.
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Olawole TD, Okundigie MI, Rotimi SO, Okwumabua O, Afolabi IS. Preadministration of Fermented Sorghum Diet Provides Protection against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress and Suppressed Glucose Utilization in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats. Front Nutr 2018; 5:16. [PMID: 29594128 PMCID: PMC5857538 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorghum bicolor grains are rich in phytochemicals known to considerably impact human health. Several health-promoting products such as flour, staple food, and beverages have been produced from sorghum grains. This study investigated the protective and modulatory effects of a sorghum diet on the genes of some antioxidant and glycolytic enzymes in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. The rats were randomly distributed into six groups: the control group received normal diet, while the other groups were pretreated with 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the sorghum diets daily for 8 weeks before the administration of a dose of alloxan (100 mg/kg BW), after which blood was collected and the liver was excised. The effects of the diets on blood glucose levels, liver dysfunction indices, and markers of oxidative stress were assessed spectrophotometrically, while the gene expressions of key glycolytic enzymes and enzymatic antioxidants were assayed using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. It was observed that the pretreatment of the experimental animals with the diets normalized the blood glucose before and after the administration of alloxan. The sorghum-treated groups also showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) decrease in liver dysfunction indices and markers of oxidative damage compared with the control. In addition, statistically the diets significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the relative expression of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glucokinase, phosphofructokinase, and hexokinase genes in the experimental animals compared with the control. Overall, this study showed that the preadministration of fermented sorghum diet significantly protected against hyperglycemia and suppressed glucose utilization via glycolysis in the liver of alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Thus, the consumption of sorghum diet may protect against hyperglycemia and oxidative damage and may therefore serve as functional food for management of diabetic mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolulope Dorcas Olawole
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | | | - Solomon Oladapo Rotimi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Ogi Okwumabua
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, United States
| | - Israel Sunmola Afolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
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Ryu JM, Jang GY, Woo KS, Kim TM, Jeong HS, Kim DJ. Effects of sorghum ethyl-acetate extract on PC3M prostate cancer cell tumorigenicity. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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de Morais Cardoso L, Pinheiro SS, Martino HSD, Pinheiro-Sant'Ana HM. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.): Nutrients, bioactive compounds, and potential impact on human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:372-390. [PMID: 25875451 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.887057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sorghum is the fifth most produced cereal in the world and is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds for the human diet. We summarize the recent findings concerning the nutrients and bioactive compounds of sorghum and its potential impact on human health, analyzing the limitations and positive points of the studies and proposing directions for future research. Sorghum is basically composed of starch, which is more slowly digested than that of other cereals, has low digestibility proteins and unsaturated lipids, and is a source of some minerals and vitamins. Furthermore, most sorghum varieties are rich in phenolic compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. The results obtained in vitro and in animals have shown that phenolics compounds and fat soluble compounds (polycosanols) isolated from sorghum benefit the gut microbiota and parameters related to obesity, oxidative stress, inflammation, diabetes, dyslipidemia, cancer, and hypertension. The effects of whole sorghum and its fractions on human health need to be evaluated. In conclusion, sorghum is a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins, tannins, and polycosanols, which beneficially modulate, in vitro and in animals, parameters related to noncommunicable diseases. Studies should be conducted to evaluate the effects of different processing on protein and starch digestibility of sorghum as well as on the profile and bioavailability of its bioactive compounds, especially 3-deoxyanthocyanidins and tannins. Furthermore, the benefits resulting from the interaction of bioactive compounds in sorghum and human microbiota should be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Soraia Silva Pinheiro
- b Laboratory of Vitamins Analysis, Department of Nutrition and Health , Federal University of Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino
- c Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition, Department of Nutrition and Health , Federal University of Viçosa , Viçosa, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Helena Maria Pinheiro-Sant'Ana
- b Laboratory of Vitamins Analysis, Department of Nutrition and Health , Federal University of Viçosa , Minas Gerais , Brazil
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Althwab S, Carr TP, Weller CL, Dweikat IM, Schlegel V. Advances in grain sorghum and its co-products as a human health promoting dietary system. Food Res Int 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Stefoska-Needham A, Beck EJ, Johnson SK, Tapsell LC. Sorghum: An Underutilized Cereal Whole Grain with the Potential to Assist in the Prevention of Chronic Disease. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2015.1022832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kim E, Kim S, Park Y. Sorghum extract exerts cholesterol-lowering effects through the regulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:308-13. [PMID: 25582172 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.1000839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate that sorghum extract (SE) exerts cholesterol-lowering effects through the regulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism-related protein expression. C57BL/6 mice were fed a modified AIN-93G diet (NC) with saline, or a modified AIN-93G diet with 2% cholesterol and 0.25% cholic acid with either saline (HC) or 600 mg SE/kg body weight (HC-SE). Levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides in serum and liver were significantly lower in HC-SE than in HC. The expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, sterol regulatory elementary binding protein2 and fatty acid synthase were significantly lower, whereas phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase expression was significantly higher in HC-SE than in HC. Cholesterol 7-α hydroxylase expression was also significantly higher in mice given SE than in those given HC. These results suggest that the cholesterol-lowering effect of SE may be related to the regulation of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University , Seoul , South Korea
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Lee BH, Carr TP, Weller CL, Cuppett S, Dweikat IM, Schlegel V. Grain sorghum whole kernel oil lowers plasma and liver cholesterol in male hamsters with minimal wax involvement. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Liao CC, Chen YW, Jeng TL, Li CR, Kuo CF. Consumption of purple sweet potato affects post-translational modification of plasma proteins in hamsters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:12450-12458. [PMID: 24219079 DOI: 10.1021/jf404113k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A high level of intake of vegetables is strongly associated with the prevention of chronic diseases. Because post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been shown to be the important biomarkers of the change in physiological functions, this study aimed to explore the changes in PTMs of plasma proteins when purple sweet potato (PSP), a root vegetable, was incorporated into the daily diet. Male Syrian hamsters were maintained on a rice diet (50% rice) or PSP diet (25% rice and 25% PSP) for 12 weeks. Plasma proteins were fractionated by electrophoresis, digested by trypsin, and then separated by nano-liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The TurboSequest algorithm was used to identify peptide sequence against the hamster database in Universal Proteins Resource Knowledgebase, and in-house PTM finder programs were used for identification and quantification of PTMs. The results indicated that 95 plasma proteins were identified and 28 PTM sites on 26 of these 95 proteins were affected by consumption of PSP (p < 0.05). Methylation accounted for the largest percentage of affected modifications (35.71%). This study also showed that incorporation of purple sweet potato into the diet significantly lowered blood and liver lipids (p < 0.05). The results of this study provide a basis for prospective studies evaluating the effects of dietary intervention on modifications of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Chung Liao
- Proteomics Research Center, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei, Taiwan 112
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Kim J, Park Y. Anti-diabetic effect of sorghum extract on hepatic gluconeogenesis of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2012. [PMID: 23186010 PMCID: PMC3545981 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-9-106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been suggested that Sorghum, a rich source of phytochemicals, has a hypoglycemic effect, but the mechanism is unknown. We investigated the effects of oral administration of sorghum extract (SE) on hepatic gluconeogenesis and the glucose uptake of muscle in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for six weeks. Methods Male Wistar rats were divided in five groups (n=5 per group): normal control (NC), rats with STZ-induced diabetic mellitus (DM), diabetic rats administrated 0.4 g/kg body weight of SE (DM-SE 0.4) and 0.6 g/kg body weight of SE (DM-SE 0.6), and diabetic rats administrated 0.7 mg/kg body weight of glibenclamide (DM-G). Results Administration of SE and G reduced the concentration of triglycerides, total and LDL-cholesterol and glucose, and the area under the curve of glucose during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests down to the levels observed in non-diabetic rats. In addition, administration of 0.4 and 0.6 g/kg SE and 0.7 mg/kg glibenclamide (G) significantly reduced the expression of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the phosphor-p38/p38 ratio, while increased phosphor adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK)/AMPK ratio, but the glucose transporter 4 translocation and the phosphor-Akt/Akt ratio was significantly increased only by administration of G. Conclusions These results indicate that the hypoglycemic effect of SE was related to hepatic gluconeogenesis but not the glucose uptake of skeletal muscle, and the effect was similar to that of anti-diabetic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungmin Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seoul, Seongdong-gu, 133-791, Korea.
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Park JH, Lee SH, Chung IM, Park Y. Sorghum extract exerts an anti-diabetic effect by improving insulin sensitivity via PPAR-γ in mice fed a high-fat diet. Nutr Res Pract 2012; 6:322-7. [PMID: 22977686 PMCID: PMC3439576 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2012.6.4.322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that a sorghum extract exerts anti-diabetic effects through a mechanism that improves insulin sensitivity via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) from adipose tissue. Seven C57BL/6 mice were fed an AIN-93M diet with fat consisting of 10% of total energy intake (LF) for 14 weeks, and 21 mice were fed a high-fat AIN diet with 60% of calories derived from fat (HF). From week 8, the HF diet-fed mice were orally administered either saline (HF group), 0.5% (0.5% SE group), or 1% sorghum extract (1% SE group) for 6 weeks (n = 7/group). Perirenal fat content was significantly lower in the 0.5% SE and 1% SE groups than that in the HF mice. Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and the area under the curve for glucose were significantly lower in mice administered 0.5% SE and 1% SE than those in HF mice. Serum insulin level was significantly lower in mice administered 1% SE than that in HF mice or those given 0.5% SE. PPAR-γ expression was significantly higher, whereas the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly lower in mice given 1% SE compared to those in the HF mice. Adiponectin expression was also significantly higher in mice given 0.5% SE and 1% SE than that in the HF mice. These results suggest that the hypoglycemic effect of SE may be related with the regulation of PPAR-γ-mediated metabolism in this mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Heon Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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