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Bhowmik A, Chunhavacharatorn P, Bhargav S, Malhotra A, Sendrayakannan A, Kharkar PS, Nirmal NP, Chauhan A. Human Milk Oligosaccharides as Potential Antibiofilm Agents: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235112. [PMID: 36501142 PMCID: PMC9737902 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated bacterial communities called biofilms are ubiquitous in nature. Biofilms are detrimental in medical settings due to their high tolerance to antibiotics and may alter the final pathophysiological outcome of many healthcare-related infections. Several innovative prophylactic and therapeutic strategies targeting specific mechanisms and/or pathways have been discovered and exploited in the clinic. One such emerging and original approach to dealing with biofilms is the use of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), which are the third most abundant solid component in human milk after lactose and lipids. HMOs are safe to consume (GRAS status) and act as prebiotics by inducing the growth and colonization of gut microbiota, in addition to strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier, thereby protecting from pathogens. Moreover, HMOs can disrupt biofilm formation and inhibit the growth of specific microbes. In the present review, we summarize the potential of HMOs as antibacterial and antibiofilm agents and, hence, propose further investigations on using HMOs for new-age therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankurita Bhowmik
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University, Agartala 799022, India
| | | | - Sharanya Bhargav
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yuvaraja’s College, Mysuru 570005, India
| | - Akshit Malhotra
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University, Agartala 799022, India
- Invisiobiome, New Delhi 110066, India
| | - Akalya Sendrayakannan
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Prashant S. Kharkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology (ICT), Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
- Correspondence: (P.S.K.); (N.P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Nilesh Prakash Nirmal
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand
- Correspondence: (P.S.K.); (N.P.N.); (A.C.)
| | - Ashwini Chauhan
- Department of Microbiology, Tripura University, Agartala 799022, India
- Correspondence: (P.S.K.); (N.P.N.); (A.C.)
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Durham SD, Lemay DG, Wei Z, Kalscheur KF, Finley JW, Fukagawa NK, Barile D. Dietary Fiber to Starch Ratio Affects Bovine Milk Oligosaccharide Profiles. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac033. [PMID: 35711571 PMCID: PMC9197575 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bovine milk oligosaccharides (BMOs) have several demonstrated and hypothesized benefits including roles in cognitive development and antipathogenic activities, making them promising ingredients for infant formulas and nutraceutical applications. BMO extraction from bovine milk is challenged by low concentrations relative to nonbioactive simple sugars like lactose. BMO abundances are known to vary with a cow's lactation stage, breed, and parity, but these characteristics are difficult to modify in existing dairy herds. In contrast, diet modification is an accessible target, and is already known to influence milk yield, lipid content, protein levels, and monosaccharide compositions. Objectives To determine the impact of a low starch high fiber versus a high starch low fiber diet on overall BMO profiles and individual BMO abundances in Holstein dairy cattle. Methods Milk samples were collected from 59 midlactation Holsteins in a crossover study featuring dietary modification with either a low starch high fiber or high starch low fiber feed. BMO profiles were evaluated by nano-LC quadrupole time-of-flight tandem MS, and differences in BMO abundances between diets were evaluated using linear mixed effects modeling. Results A total of 19 BMOs were identified across the sample set, including 4 large fucosylated compounds. Seven BMOs were found to have significantly more positive percent changes in yield-adjusted abundance from the pre-experiment baseline period for milk samples collected during feeding with the low starch high fiber diet compared with the high starch low fiber diet. Conclusions Consuming the low starch high fiber diet promoted greater overall BMO production than the high starch low fiber diet in a population of midlactation Holsteins. Additionally, this study afforded the opportunity to investigate the impact of other factors potentially influencing BMO abundances, furthering understanding of how dairy herd management practices can positively impact milk composition and support the potential use of BMOs as functional ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sierra D Durham
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Danielle G Lemay
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zhe Wei
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth F Kalscheur
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, US Dairy Forage Research Center, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John W Finley
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Office of National Programs, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Daniela Barile
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Hobbs M, Jahan M, Ghorashi SA, Wang B. Current Perspective of Sialylated Milk Oligosaccharides in Mammalian Milk: Implications for Brain and Gut Health of Newborns. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020473. [PMID: 33669968 PMCID: PMC7924844 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant solid component after lactose and lipids of breast milk. All mammal milk contains soluble oligosaccharides, including neutral milk oligosaccharides (NMOs) without sialic acid (Sia) moieties and acidic oligosaccharides or sialylated milk oligosaccharides (SMOs) with Sia residues at the end of sugar chains. The structural, biological diversity, and concentration of milk oligosaccharides in mammalian milk are significantly different among species. HMOs have multiple health benefits for newborns, including development of immune system, modification of the intestinal microbiota, anti-adhesive effect against pathogens, and brain development. Most infant formulas lack oligosaccharides which resemble HMOs. Formula-fed infants perform poorly across physical and psychological wellbeing measures and suffer health disadvantages compared to breast-fed infants due to the differences in the nutritional composition of breast milk and infant formula. Of these milk oligosaccharides, SMOs are coming to the forefront of research due to the beneficial nature of Sia. This review aims to critically discuss the current state of knowledge of the biology and role of SMOs in human milk, infant formula milks, and milk from several other species on gut and brain health of human and animal offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Hobbs
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (M.H.); (M.J.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Marefa Jahan
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (M.H.); (M.J.); (S.A.G.)
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Seyed A. Ghorashi
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (M.H.); (M.J.); (S.A.G.)
| | - Bing Wang
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (M.H.); (M.J.); (S.A.G.)
- School of Animal & Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-4549
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Anti-Pathogenic Functions of Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides In Vitro. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061789. [PMID: 32560186 PMCID: PMC7353314 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), complex carbohydrates that resist hydrolysis by salivary and intestinal digestive enzymes, fulfill a diversity of important biological roles. A lot of NDOs are known for their prebiotic properties by stimulating beneficial bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represent the first prebiotics that humans encounter in life. Inspired by these HMO structures, chemically-produced NDO structures (e.g., galacto-oligosaccharides and chito-oligosaccharides) have been recognized as valuable food additives and exert promising health effects. Besides their apparent ability to stimulate beneficial microbial species, oligosaccharides have shown to be important inhibitors of the development of pathogenic infections. Depending on the type and structural characteristics, oligosaccharides can exert a number of anti-pathogenic effects. The most described effect is their ability to act as a decoy receptor, thereby inhibiting adhesion of pathogens. Other ways of pathogenic inhibition, such as interference with pathogenic cell membrane and biofilm integrity and DNA transcription, are less investigated, but could be equally impactful. In this review, a comprehensive overview of In vitro anti-pathogenic properties of different NDOs and associated pathways are discussed. A framework is created categorizing all anti-pathogenic effects and providing insight into structural necessities for an oligosaccharide to exert one of these effects.
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Microbial production of sialic acid and sialylated human milk oligosaccharides: Advances and perspectives. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:787-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Phipps KR, Baldwin NJ, Lynch B, Stannard DR, Šoltésová A, Gilby B, Mikš MH, Röhrig CH. Toxicological safety evaluation of the human-identical milk oligosaccharide 6'-sialyllactose sodium salt. J Appl Toxicol 2019; 39:1444-1461. [PMID: 31389052 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are abundant in breastmilk, but their presence in infant formula is negligible. Sialylated HMOs, such as 6'-sialyllactose, constitute a significant portion of the HMO fraction of human milk and are linked to important biological functions. To produce infant formula that is more comparable with human milk, biosynthesized sialyllactoses known as human-identical milk oligosaccharides (structurally identical counterparts to their respective naturally occurring HMOs in breastmilk) are proposed for use in infant formula and other functional foods for the general population. To support the safety of 6'-sialyllactose sodium salt (6'-SL), a 90-day oral (gavage) toxicity study and in vitro genotoxicity tests were conducted. The 90-day study is the first to be conducted with 6'-SL using neonatal rats (day 7 of age at the start of dosing), thus addressing safety of 6'-SL for consumption by the most sensitive age group (infants). In the 90-day study, neonatal rats received 6'-SL at doses up to 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW)/day and reference controls received 5000 mg/kg BW/day of fructooligosaccharide (an ingredient approved for use in infant formula) for comparison with the high-dose 6'-SL group, followed by a 4-week recovery period. There was no evidence of genotoxicity in vitro. No test item-related adverse effects were observed on any parameter in the 90-day study, thus the high dose (5000 mg/kg BW/day) was established as the no-observed-adverse-effect level. These results confirm that 6'-SL is safe for use in formula milk for infants and in other functional foods for the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirt R Phipps
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Hampshire, UK
| | | | - Barry Lynch
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Ben Gilby
- Envigo CRS Limited, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Marta H Mikš
- Glycom A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark.,Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
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1-Amino-2'-fucosyllactose inhibits biofilm formation by Streptococcus agalactiae. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2019; 72:507-512. [PMID: 30796331 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-019-0151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
2'-Fucosyllactose (2'-FL) is a ubiquitous oligosaccharide in human milk. Importantly, this carbohydrate promotes the growth of several strains of Bifidobacteria, a class of beneficial gut commensal, and inhibits epithelial binding of pathogens. In light of these protective effects, we elected to evaluate the potential of 2'-FL to serve as an antibacterial agent against Group B Streptococcus (GBS). While 2'-FL was devoid of any substantial antimicrobial or antibiofilm activity, conversion of 2'-FL to its reducing end β-amine provided a novel antibiofilm compound.
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Craft KM, Thomas HC, Townsend SD. Interrogation of Human Milk Oligosaccharide Fucosylation Patterns for Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Trends in Group B Streptococcus. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:1755-1765. [PMID: 30350565 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
For newborns, human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) serve as an important source of protection against bacterial pathogens. HMOs prevent infection by functioning as decoy receptors that bind pathogens to inhibit cellular adhesion. HMOs also play a protective role by acting as prebiotics that selectively promote the growth of symbiotic gut bacteria over pathogens. Fucosylated HMOs in particular are well-known for their roles as both decoy receptors and prebiotics. Recently, we discovered that HMOs possess antimicrobial activity against Group B Streptococcus (GBS) by increasing cellular permeability. HMO extracts from a single donor can contain over 100 different structures; however, studies using heterogeneous HMO mixtures do not provide insight into the specific structural requirements needed to achieve antimicrobial activity. In this study, we address this void by completing a structure activity study on the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of six neutral, fucosylated and five neutral, nonfucosylated HMOs against GBS. We determined that while the presence of fucose alone does not correlate to antimicrobial activity, the location and degree of fucosylation does play a key role in the antimicrobial activity of HMOs. Moreover, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of single HMOs were found to be strain-specific. This further supports our vision of developing narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents against GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Craft
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Harrison C. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, 896 Preston Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University, Medical Center North A-5302, 1161 21st Avenue South, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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9
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Ryan JT, Slattery H, Hickey RM, Marotta M. Bovine milk oligosaccharides as anti-adhesives against the respiratory tract pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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10
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Craft KM, Townsend SD. The Human Milk Glycome as a Defense Against Infectious Diseases: Rationale, Challenges, and Opportunities. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:77-83. [PMID: 29140081 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Each year over 3 million people die from infectious diseases with most of these deaths being poor and young children who live in low- and middle-income countries. Infectious diseases emerge for a multitude of reasons. On the social front, reasons include a breakdown of public health standards, international travel, and immigration (for financial, civil, and social reasons). At the molecular level, the modern rise of infectious diseases is tied to the juxtaposition of drug-resistant pathogens and a lack of new antimicrobials. The consequence is the possibility that humankind will return to the preantibiotic era wherein millions of people will perish from what should be trivial illnesses. Given the stakes, it is imperative that the chemistry community take leadership in delivering new antibiotic leads for clinical development. We believe this can happen through innovation in two areas. First is the development of novel chemical scaffolds to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. The second area, which is not exclusive to the first, is the generation of antibiotics that do not cause collateral damage to the host or the host's microbiome. Both can be enabled through advances in chemical synthesis. It is with this general philosophy in mind that we hypothesized human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) could serve as novel chemical scaffolds for antibacterial development. We provide herein a personal account of our laboratory's progress toward the goal of using HMOs as a defense against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Craft
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Steven D. Townsend
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, 7330 Stevenson Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, 896 Preston Research Building, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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11
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Sprenger GA, Baumgärtner F, Albermann C. Production of human milk oligosaccharides by enzymatic and whole-cell microbial biotransformations. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:79-91. [PMID: 28764968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are almost unique constituents of breast milk and are not found in appreciable amounts in cow milk. Due to several positive aspects of HMO for the development, health, and wellbeing of infants, production of HMO would be desirable. As a result, scientists from different disciplines have developed methods for the preparation of single HMO compounds. Here, we review approaches to HMO preparation by (chemo-)enzymatic syntheses or by whole-cell biotransformation with recombinant bacterial cells. With lactose as acceptor (in vitro or in vivo), fucosyltransferases can be used for the production of 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, or more complex fucosylated core structures. Sialylated HMO can be produced by sialyltransferases and trans-sialidases. Core structures as lacto-N-tetraose can be obtained by glycosyltransferases from chemical donor compounds or by multi-enzyme cascades; recent publications also show production of lacto-N-tetraose by recombinant Escherichia coli bacteria and approaches to obtain fucosylated core structures. In view of an industrial production of HMOs, the whole cell biotransformation is at this stage the most promising option to provide human milk oligosaccharides as food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Sprenger
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Florian Baumgärtner
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Christoph Albermann
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Ripollés D, Harouna S, Parrón JA, Arenales I, Calvo M, Pérez MD, Sánchez L. Inhibition of Cronobacter sakazakii Adhesion to Caco-2 Cells by Commercial Dairy Powders and Raw Buttermilk. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:1043-1050. [PMID: 28092156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a foodborne pathogen that has been associated with severe infections, mainly in neonates. The binding of this bacterium to host cell surfaces represents the first step in the pathogenesis of disease. An ELISA-based assay has been developed using a polyclonal antiserum against C. sakazakii to determine its adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The antiserum used recognized many of the outer membrane proteins of C. sakazakii. A positive correlation was found between the absorbance values obtained by ELISA and the number of bacteria adhered to cells determined by plate counting. The inhibitory effect on bacterial adhesion to cells observed with some dairy products was concentration-dependent. Commercial buttermilk caused the maximal reduction of the adhesion percentage (33.0 ± 5.07) at the highest concentration assayed (20 mg/mL), followed by butter serum (31.9 ± 5.36), skim milk (30.4 ± 5.07), and raw buttermilk (25.6 ± 3.80). In some cases, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the inhibition exerted by the different products evaluated. The results obtained in this study demonstrate that dairy products contain some components with the ability to inhibit the adhesion of C. sakazakii to Caco-2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ripollés
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Saidou Harouna
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - José A Parrón
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Arenales
- Departamento de Ingenierı́a Agroindustrial, Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo , Texcoco, México
| | - Miguel Calvo
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María D Pérez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA , Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Lourdes Sánchez
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA , Zaragoza, Spain
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The Role of Oligosaccharides in Host-Microbial Interactions for Human Health. J Clin Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 2, Proceedings from the 8th Probiotics, Prebiotics & New Foods for Microbiota and Human Health meeting held in Rome, Italy on September 13-15, 2015:S131-S132. [PMID: 27741156 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000000694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Milk oligosaccharides have many associated bioactivities which can contribute to human health and offer protective properties to the host. Such bioactivities include anti-infective properties whereby oligosaccharides interact with bacterial cells and prevent adhesion to the host and subsequent colonization. Milk oligosaccharides have also been shown to alter the glycosylation of intestinal cells, leading to a reduction in pathogenic colonization. In addition, these sugars promote adhesion of commensal bacterial strains to host cells as well as possessing the ability to alter mucin expression in intestinal cells and improve barrier function. The ability of milk oligosaccharides to alter the transcriptome of both commensal bacterial strains and intestinal epithelial cells has also been revealed, indicating the potential of many cell types to detect the presence of milk oligosaccharides and respond accordingly at the genetic level. Interestingly, domestic animal milk may provide a bioactive source of oligosaccharides for formula supplementation with the aim of emulating the gold standard that is human milk. Overall, this review highlights the ability of milk oligosaccharides to promote health in a variety of ways, for example, through direct bacterial interactions, immunomodulatory activities, promotion of gut barrier function, and induction of protective transcriptional responses.
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Ross SA, Lane JA, Kilcoyne M, Joshi L, Hickey RM. Defatted bovine milk fat globule membrane inhibits association of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 with human HT-29 cells. Int Dairy J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Austin S, De Castro CA, Bénet T, Hou Y, Sun H, Thakkar SK, Vinyes-Pares G, Zhang Y, Wang P. Temporal Change of the Content of 10 Oligosaccharides in the Milk of Chinese Urban Mothers. Nutrients 2016; 8:E346. [PMID: 27338459 PMCID: PMC4924187 DOI: 10.3390/nu8060346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfed infants tend to be less prone to infections and may have improved cognitive benefits compared to formula-fed infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are the third most abundant component of human milk, but are absent from formulae. They may be partially responsible for the benefits of breastfeeding. In this cross-sectional observational study, the HMO composition of milk from Chinese mothers was studied to determine the impact of stage of lactation, mode of delivery and geographical location. The content of 10 HMO was measured by HPLC in 446 milk samples from mothers living in three different cities in China. Around 21% of the samples contained levels of 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL) below the limit of quantification, which is similar to the frequency of fucosyltransferase-2 non-secretors in other populations, but 2'-FL was detected in all samples. Levels of most of the HMO studied decreased during the course of lactation, but the level of 3-fucosyllactose increased. Levels of 2'-FL and 3-fucosyllactose seem to be strongly correlated, suggesting some sort of mechanism for co-regulation. Levels of 6'-sialyllactose were higher than those of 3'-sialyllactose at early stages of lactation, but beyond 2-4 months, 3'-sialyllactose was predominant. Neither mode of delivery nor geographical location had any impact on HMO composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Austin
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
| | - Carlos A De Castro
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
| | - Thierry Bénet
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
| | - Yangfeng Hou
- Nestlé Research Center Beijing, Beijing 100095, China.
| | - Henan Sun
- Nestlé Research Center Beijing, Beijing 100095, China.
| | - Sagar K Thakkar
- Nestlé Research Centre, Vers-Chez-Les-Blanc, Lausanne 1000, Switzerland.
| | | | - Yumei Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Peiyu Wang
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Schmölzer K, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Pavkov-Keller T, Ribitsch D, Schwab H, Gruber K, Weber H, Nidetzky B. Complete switch from α-2,3- to α-2,6-regioselectivity in Pasteurella dagmatis β-d-galactoside sialyltransferase by active-site redesign. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3083-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of Pro7His and Met117Ala substitutions resulted in a completely regioselective and highly efficient α-2,6-sialyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
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