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Areesanan A, Nicolay S, Keller M, Zimmermann-Klemd AM, Potterat O, Gründemann C. Potential benefits of Malva sylvestris in dry-eye disease pathology in vitro based on antioxidant, wound-healing and anti-inflammatory properties. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115782. [PMID: 37924786 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common chronic ocular surface disease. Available therapies are effective but often associated with side effects. This study investigates the potential of a Malva sylvestris L. flower extract and two defined preparations, a mucilage and a polyphenol rich fraction, on cells that are essential for the DED pathology. Furthermore, single compounds were isolated and characterised out of the polyphenol fraction. The M. sylvestris extract and its two fractions reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an ultraviolet-induced model and promoted wound healing capacity of HCE-T cells, but only the polyphenol fraction and the flower extract exhibited significant radical scavenging activity. The flower extract and the polyphenol fraction inhibited cytokine secretion (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8) from HCE-T cells and THP-1 cells. In contrast, the mucilage fraction led to an increase in mediator secretion. The NF-κB activity and calcium influx in THP-1 and Jurkat cells, respectively was decreased by treatment with the flower extract and the polyphenol fraction, whereas the mucilage fraction had no influence on these parameters. Moreover, the flower extract and the mucilage fraction at low concentration could stimulate meibomian gland cells' lipid accumulation. The isolated single compounds showed no effect on analysed parameters, except a coumarin derivative and malvin which showed ROS inhibition effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Areesanan
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sven Nicolay
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Morris Keller
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy Marisa Zimmermann-Klemd
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Gründemann
- Translational Complementary Medicine, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Campus Rosental - Mattenstrasse 22, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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Chiang MC, Liu YC, Chen BY, Wu DL, Wu CL, Cheng CW, Chang WL, Lee HJ. Purple Sweet Potato Powder Containing Anthocyanin Mitigates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Dry Eye Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086983. [PMID: 37108146 PMCID: PMC10138706 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purple sweet potato (PSP) powder with anthocyanins possesses the ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation. Studies have presumed a positive correlation between body fat and dry eye disease (DED) in adults. The regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation has been proposed as the mechanism underlying DED. This study developed an animal model of high fat diet (HFD)-induced DED. We added 5% PSP powder to the HFD to evaluate the effects and underlying mechanisms in mitigating HFD-induced DED. A statin drug, atorvastatin, was also added to the diet separately to assess its effect. The HFD altered the structure of lacrimal gland (LG) tissue, reduced LG secretory function, and eliminated the expression of proteins related to DED development, including α-smooth muscle actin and aquaporin-5. Although PSP treatment could not significantly reduce body weight or body fat, it ameliorated the effects of DED by preserving LG secretory function, preventing ocular surface erosion, and preserving LG structure. PSP treatment increased superoxide dismutase levels but reduced hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α levels, indicating that PSP treatment reduced oxidative stress. PSP treatment increased ATP-binding cassette transporter 1 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 levels in LG tissue, signifying that PSP treatment regulated lipid homeostasis maintenance to reduce the effects of DED. In conclusion, PSP treatment ameliorated the effects of HFD-induced DED through the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid homeostasis in the LG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cheng Chiang
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10687, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chung Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 10687, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yi Chen
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Lin Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lian Wu
- Department of Optometry, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wen Cheng
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Chang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Yi-Yeh Biotechnology Co., Taichung 40221, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40221, Taiwan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
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Fan M, Kim SA, Choi YJ, Tang Y, Yang HP, Kim EK. Anthocyanin oligomer (grape skin extract) administration improves dry eye disease: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023; 51:122-130. [PMID: 36703096 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye disease is a chronic, progressive ocular disease characterised by ocular discomfort and is one of the most common ophthalmological disorders that affects people's lives. METHODS This study investigated the clinical efficacy of anthocyanin oligomers (grape skin extract) for the treatment of dry eye. One hundred and eight patients with dry eye were randomly divided into placebo and treatment groups, each with 54 cases. The placebo group received maltodextrin (800 mg/day) and the treatment group received anthocyanin oligomers (800 mg/day). Clinical efficacy, clinical indices, and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS Anthocyanin oligomers were safe and effective in mild-to-moderate dry eye disease, improving the tear break-up time, intraocular pressure, ocular surface disease, and patient symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS The use of oral anthocyanin oligomers in the treatment of dry eye patients can enhance the therapeutic effect and improve the quality of life of patients while ensuring the safety of treatment, making this therapeutic option suitable for wider application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ah Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, SahmYook Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus program, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China
| | - Hyun Pil Yang
- Technical R&D Center, Kitto Life Co., LTD, Pyeongtaek, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Silver-targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus program, Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.,Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Yu WY, Chan LYL, Chung A, Lee PH, Woo GC. Bilberry-containing supplements on severe dry eye disease in young and middle-aged adults: A 3-month pilot analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1061818. [PMID: 36742436 PMCID: PMC9892183 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1061818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the effect of bilberry and fish oil combination supplement on a small clinical sample patient-base with severe dry eyes. Methods Twenty-four subjects were recruited with twelve randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups, respectively. Inclusion criteria included severe dry eye symptoms determined by scores >33 from the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The intervention group was instructed to take an oral supplement with key ingredients of 600 mg bilberry extract and 240 mg docosahexaenoic acid-refined fish oil once daily for 3 months. The control group did not take any supplements. Mean changes in OSDI score, non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), phenol red thread test (PRT), and percentage of meibomian gland openings were used as outcome measures. Testing was done at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-up. Comparison between the treatment and control groups, and the younger adult and middle-age groups were performed. Results The mean baseline values for the treatment and control groups were not clinically different. The OSDI score, NITBUT, PRT, and percentage of meibomian gland openings improved after taking the supplements for 3 months. The OSDI score, NITBUT, and PRT showed clinical improvements between the intervention and control groups. These improvements were consistent between the two age groups. Conclusion This study suggested preliminary improvements in signs and symptoms of severe dry eyes that were independent of age after taking dietary supplementation of bilberry extract and fish oil for 3 months. Further studies using more device-based measures and a placebo supplement are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Y. Yu
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lily Y. L. Chan
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Aden Chung
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Paul H. Lee
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - George C. Woo
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China,Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), 17W Science Park, Hong Kong SAR, China,*Correspondence: George C. Woo,
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Chaudhary P, Singh D, Swapnil P, Meena M, Janmeda P. Euphorbia neriifolia (Indian Spurge Tree): A Plant of Multiple Biological and Pharmacological Activities. SUSTAINABILITY 2023; 15:1225. [DOI: 10.3390/su15021225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although India has a well-established and growing economy surrounding synthetic drug chemistry with an antibiotic base, a large part of the population, especially in forested villages and tribal belts, is relying solely on plant-derived drugs. This is due to a lower number of side effects, low chances of resistance development against pathogenic microorganisms, as well as the diversity and affordability of such drugs. In the Indian subcontinents, Euphorbia neriifolia Linn. (EN) is one of the valuable plants from the big family of Euphorbiaceae, which is usually found in rocky and hilly areas. E. neriifolia was found to be useful in curing tumors, abdominal swelling, bronchial infection, hydrophobia, earache, cough and cold, asthma, leprosy, gonorrhea, spleen enlargement, leucoderma, snake bites, scorpion stings, and causing appetite improvement, etc. Different in vitro and in vivo experimental studies were performed to determine the antioxidant, anti-diabetic, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, wound healing, anti-atherosclerosis, radioprotective, anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-thrombotic, dermal irritation, hemolytic, analgesic, anti-fertility, diuretic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, and anti-carcinogenic activities of the various parts of EN. Several bioactive compounds, such as euphol, nerifoliol, taraxerol, euphonerins A–G, lectin, etc., were isolated from E. neriifolia and need to be investigated further for various biological activities (cardiovascular and neuronal diseases). In the pharmaceutical sector, E. neriifolia was selected for the development of new drugs due to its broad pharmacological activities. Therefore, in the present review, distribution, classification, morphological and microscopical description, phytochemical investigation, pharmacological activities, medicinal uses, harmful effects, and their treatment were evaluated, especially against different lifestyle-related diseases.
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Metal-induced color change in blackberry wine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Pineda A, Arenas A, Balmaceda J, Zúñiga GE. Extracts of Fruits and Plants Cultivated In Vitro of Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz Show Inhibitory Activity of Aldose Reductase and Pancreatic Alpha-Amylase Enzymes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2772. [PMID: 36297800 PMCID: PMC9610771 DOI: 10.3390/plants11202772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aristotelia chilensis is a plant whose fruit is considered a powerful natural antioxidant. During the last years, some investigations of the fruit have been carried out, finding antioxidant properties in the juice or the phenolic fraction. The antioxidant properties of the plant are useful in the inhibition of enzymes related to diabetes such as pancreatic aldose reductase and alpha-amylase. Because many synthetic drugs used today have limitations and potentially harmful side effects, the use of naturally occurring compounds, such as flavonoids, is clinically attractive. In this study, the characterization of aqueous extracts of fruits and in vitro plants of A. chilensis was carried out based on their content of anthocyanins and total phenols, the antioxidant capacity by the antiradical activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhydrazil (DPPH), and the profile of anthocyanins and other phenolic compounds by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Subsequently, the effect of these extracts on the inhibition of bovine aldose reductase and pancreatic alpha-amylase enzymes was determined. According to our results, extracts of fruits and in vitro plants of A. chilensis achieved inhibition of the bovine aldose reductase enzyme of 85.54 ± 1.86% and 75.67 ± 1.21%, respectively. Likewise, the percentage of inhibition of the pancreatic alpha-amylase enzyme for fruit extracts was 29.64 ± 0.63%, while for in vitro plant extracts it was 47.66 ± 0.66%. The antioxidant and enzymatic inhibition activity of the extracts were related to the content of anthocyanins, such as delphinidin and cyanidin glycosides as well as the phenols derived from quercetin, myricetin, and kaempferol. The results obtained allow us to suggest that the in vitro culture of plants of A. chilensis represents a viable biotechnological alternative to obtain phenolic compounds for the inhibition of aldose reductase and pancreatic alpha-amylase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pineda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
| | - Andrea Arenas
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
| | - Juan Balmaceda
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
| | - Gustavo E. Zúñiga
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Biotecnología Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 917021, Chile
- Centro para el Desarrollo de la Nanociencia y la Nanotecnología (CEDENNA), Santiago 917021, Chile
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An Oral Polyphenol Formulation to Modulate the Ocular Surface Inflammatory Process and to Improve the Symptomatology Associated with Dry Eye Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153236. [PMID: 35956412 PMCID: PMC9370512 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and anti-angiogenic effects, polyphenols are first-rate candidates to prevent or treat chronic diseases in which oxidative stress-induced inflammation plays a role in disease pathogenesis. Dry eye disease (DED) is a common pathology, on which novel phenolic compound formulations have been tested as an adjuvant therapeutic approach. However, polyphenols are characterized by limited stability and solubility, insolubility in water, very rapid metabolism, and a very short half-life. Thus, they show poor bioavailability. To overcome these limitations and improve their stability and bioavailability, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of an oral formulation containing among other compounds, polyphenols and omega-3 fatty acids, with the addition of a surfactant in patients with DED. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of four study groups including the study formulation (A), placebo (P), the study formulation + eye lubricant (A + L), and placebo + eye lubricant (P + L). Patients from the A and P groups were instructed to take two capsules every 24 h, while patients in the L groups also added one drop of lubricant twice a day for 12 weeks as well. Regarding safety, non-ocular abnormalities were observed during study formulation therapy. Liver function tests did not show any statistically significant difference (baseline vs. week 4). Concerning efficacy, there was a statistically significant difference between baseline, month 1, and month 3 in the OSDI (Ocular Surface Disease Index) test results in both treatment groups (group A and group A + L). Furthermore, both groups showed statistically significant differences between baseline and month 3 regarding the non-invasive film tear breakup time (NIF-BUT) score and a positive trend related to Shirmer's test at month 3. The non-invasive average breakup time (NIAvg-BUT) score showed a statistically significant difference at month 3 when compared with baseline in the A + L group. The P + L group showed a statistically significant difference in terms of the OSDI questionary between baseline and month 3. Regarding the lissamine green staining, the A + L group showed a statistical difference between baseline and month 3 (p = 0.0367). The placebo + lubricant group did not show statistically significant differences. Finally, the placebo group did not show any data with statistically significant differences. Consequently, this polyphenol formulation as a primary treatment outperformed the placebo alone, and the polyphenol oral formulation used as an adjuvant to artificial tears was superior to the combination of the placebo and the artificial tears. Thus, our data strongly suggest that this polyphenol oral formulation improves visual strain symptoms and tear film status in patients with mild to moderate DED.
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Liu X, Li S, Wang Z, Wang X, He Y, Wen L. Ultrahigh Pressure Facilitates the Acylation of Malvidin and Chlorogenic Acid to Increase the Stability and Protective Effect of Malvidin Derivatives on H 2O 2-Induced ARPE-19 Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13990-14003. [PMID: 34672563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We explored the effects of ultrahigh-pressure technology and chlorogenic acid on the color stability and structure-activity relationship of malvidin (MV). Experimental conditions were optimized through single-factor experiments and response surface analysis at a pressure of 300 MPa, mass ratio of MV to chlorogenic acid of 1:3.64 (w/w), and time of 5 min. Compared with MV, MV derivatives showed higher stability and in vitro antioxidant activity. X-ray diffraction analysis, UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry were conducted to determine the structures of MV derivatives for the first time. Ultrahigh pressure facilitated acylation of chlorogenic acid and MV and produced four new MV derivatives. Analysis of the effect of malvidin-3-O-6-(acrylic acid-(2-hydroxy, 4-carboxy-cyclohexanol) ester)-guaiacol (Mv3ACEC) on ARPE-19 cells exposed to H2O2 by RNA transcriptome sequencing showed that Mv3ACEC simultaneously inhibited various inflammatory and apoptotic signal transduction pathways, exerted a synergistic effect, and partly inhibited cell apoptosis through the MAPK signaling pathway. Therefore, the results show that ultrahigh pressure will cause acylation of chlorogenic acid and MV to produce four new MV derivatives, and MV derivatives protect ARPE-19 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyao Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Zhitong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Yang He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Liankui Wen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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Connell S, Kawashima M, Nakamura S, Imada T, Yamamoto H, Tsubota K, Fukuda S. Lactoferrin Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease Potentially through Enhancement of Short-Chain Fatty Acid Production by Gut Microbiota in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212384. [PMID: 34830266 PMCID: PMC8624394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin is a glycoprotein found at high concentrations within exocrine secretions, including tears. Low levels of lactoferrin have been implicated in the loss of tear secretion and ageing. Furthermore, lactoferrin possesses a range of functionalities, including anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to modulate the gut microbiota. Expanding evidence demonstrates a crucial role of the gut microbiota in immune regulation and development. The specific composition of bacterial species of the gut has a profound influence on local and systemic inflammation, leading to a protective capacity against a number of inflammatory diseases, potentially by the induction of regulatory immune cells. In this study, we demonstrated that oral administration of lactoferrin maintains tear secretion in a restraint and desiccating stress induced mouse model of dry eye disease. Furthermore, we revealed that lactoferrin induces the reduction of inflammatory cytokines, modulates gut microbiota, and induces short-chain fatty acid production. Whereas, the antibiotic vancomycin abrogates the effects of lactoferrin on dry eye disease and significantly reduces short-chain fatty acid concentrations. Therefore, this protective effect of LF against a mice model of DED may be explained by our observations of an altered gut microbiota and an enhanced production of immunomodulatory short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Connell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Hiromitsu Yamamoto
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Yamagata, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (S.C.); (M.K.); (S.N.); (T.I.)
- Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo 160-0016, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (S.F.)
| | - Shinji Fukuda
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Yamagata, Japan;
- Transborder Medical Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Gut Environmental Design Group, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kawasaki 210-0821, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (S.F.)
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Wang K, Xu Z, Liao X. Bioactive compounds, health benefits and functional food products of sea buckthorn: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6761-6782. [PMID: 33783272 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1905605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), which has been categorized as a "medicine food homology" fruit by China's National Health Commission for both nutritional and medicinal purposes, has nearly 200 kinds of nutritive and bioactive compounds such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, sugar alcohols, superoxide dismutase and phytosterols. Significant bioactivity, including cardiovascular improvement, antidiabetic and anti-obesity activity, have highlighted the application of sea buckthorn. This review compiled a database of the phytochemical compounds in sea buckthorn, which contains the contents of 106 nutrients and 74 bioactive compounds. The health benefits of sea buckthorn and its extracts were summarized and the mechanism of anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation were introduced in detail. Seventeen common marketed products of sea buckthorn from 8 countries were collected. A future scope is really needed to explore the mechanism of sea buckthorn bioactive compounds along with the incorporation cost-effective functional food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewen Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-food Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Quality Standard & Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Chen N, Xiang J, Liu Y, Li H, Yang B. Preparation and characterization of antioxidant flavonoid-enriched extract from saffron by-product: a combination of ultrasound-assisted extraction and macroporous resin purification. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kan J, Wang M, Liu Y, Liu H, Chen L, Zhang X, Huang C, Liu BY, Gu Z, Du J. A novel botanical formula improves eye fatigue and dry eye: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:334-342. [PMID: 32542334 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the frequent use of video display units, eye fatigue is becoming more common globally. An alternative nutritional strategy is needed to prevent the aggravation of eye fatigue symptoms. OBJECTIVES The objective was to evaluate the protective effect of a novel botanical combination of lutein ester, zeaxanthin, and extracts of blackcurrant, chrysanthemum, and goji berry on adults with eye fatigue in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. METHODS We randomly allocated 360 participants into 4 groups to receive placebo and 3 doses of our formula (chewable tablets, containing 6 mg, 10 mg, or 14 mg of lutein) once daily for 90 d. Each participant had 3 visits at baseline (V1), 45 d (V2), and 90 d (V3) during the study. RESULTS Intervention with the formula improved individual scores of eye fatigue symptoms, including eye soreness, blurred vision, dry eye, foreign body sensation, and tearing. Compared with placebo, the formula at all 3 doses significantly decreased the total score of eye fatigue symptoms and increased the visuognosis persistence time at both V2 and V3. According to the Schirmer test, both 10-mg and 14-mg lutein formula groups had improved tear secretion at V3 compared with the placebo. The keratography results indicated that the first tear break-up time, average tear break-up time, and tear meniscus height were significantly increased after formula intervention. The formula at all 3 doses significantly increased the macular pigment optical density at V2 and V3 compared with the placebo, whereas optical coherence tomography showed no significant difference in retinal thickness and retinal volume across all groups at both visits. CONCLUSIONS Our botanical formula improves eye fatigue, dry eye, and macular function without changing the retinal structure, and thus it could serve as an effective nutritional strategy in improving eye fatigue without causing serious side effects.Clinical Trial Registry: chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800018987).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aier Eye Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Bryan Y Liu
- College of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhensheng Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
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14
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Kojima T, Dogru M, Kawashima M, Nakamura S, Tsubota K. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of dry eye. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 78:100842. [PMID: 32004729 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The core mechanism of dry eye is the tear film instability. Tear film-oriented diagnosis (TFOD) is a concept to clarify the cause of tear film instability by tear film, and tear film-oriented treatment (TFOT) is a concept to treat dry eye disease by replacing the lacking components of the tear film layer based on the TFOD. In TFOD, the fluorescein breakup pattern of the tear film is important, and the subtype of dry eye can be judged to some extent from the breakup patterns. Current noninvasive devices related to the dynamic analysis of the tear film and visual acuity enabled the diagnosis of dry eye, subtype analysis, and the extent of severity. In Asian countries, secretagogues represent the main treatment in TFOT. Since meibomian gland dysfunction is a factor that greatly affects the tear breakup time, its treatment is also essential in the dry eye treatment strategy. A newly discovered dry eye subtype is the short breakup time-type (BUT) of dry eye. The only abnormal finding in this disease is the short BUT, suggesting a relationship with ocular neuropathic pain and eye strain. Recently, data from many studies have accumulated which show that dry eye is a life-style disease. In addition to the treatment of dry eyes, it is becoming possible to prevent the onset by intervening with the daily habits, diet, exercise and sleep, etc. It has been pointed out that oxidative stress is also involved in the pathology of dry eye, and intervention is being carried out by improving diet and taking supplements. Future research will be needed to link clinical findings to the molecular biological findings in the tear film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kojima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Murat Dogru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Motoko Kawashima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan; Tsubota Laboratory, Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Chen L, Zhou G, Meng XS, Fu HY, Mo QG, Wang YW. Photoprotection of maqui berry against ultraviolet B-induced photodamage in vitro and in vivo. Food Funct 2020; 11:2749-2762. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01902b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Maqui berry extracts could ameliorate oxidative stress, cellular DNA damage, and inflammation induced by UVB-irradiation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Chen
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P.R. China
| | - Gao Zhou
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Shan Meng
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P.R. China
| | - Hui-Ying Fu
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P.R. China
| | - Qi-Gui Mo
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P.R. China
| | - You-Wei Wang
- Institute of TCM and Natural Products
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan 430071
- P.R. China
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16
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Rivera-Tovar PR, Mariotti-Celis MS, Pérez-Correa JR. Maqui (Aristotelia chilensis (Mol.) Stuntz) and murta (Ugni molinae Turcz): Native Chilean sources of polyphenol compounds. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x15666180627120609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the production, processing and exportation of maqui and murta Chilean berries
have increased due to their high Total Polyphenols Content (TPC) and high Antioxidant Capacity
(AC). However, the leaves of these berries are agroindustrial discards that present even higher TPC and
AC values. Extracts of leaves and berries of maqui and murta with water, methanol and ethanol as solvents
showed significant bioactivity, like inhibition of alpha-glucosidase (an enzyme involved in the
metabolism of carbohydrates), as well as anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. They are also excellent
sources of polyphenols such as oligomers and polymers of delphinidin, pelargonidin, resveratrol,
among others that have shown health-promoting bioactivity and good bioavailability. Purified extracts
may be useful as supplements for foods and cosmetics, and even as pharmaceutical products. However,
it is necessary to control the variability of their TPC, AC and polyphenols profiles caused by genotype,
environment, processing, storage and stage of harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela R. Rivera-Tovar
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
| | - María S. Mariotti-Celis
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 9845, Santiago 8940577, Chile
| | - José Ricardo Pérez-Correa
- Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Vicuna Mackena 4860, P.O. Box 306, Santiago, 7820436, Chile
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17
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Eng Khoo H, Meng Lim S, Azlan A. Evidence-Based Therapeutic Effects of Anthocyanins from Foods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2019.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Nakamura S. Approach to Dry Eye in Video Display Terminal Workers (Basic Science). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:DES130-DES137. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Yamashita SI, Suzuki N, Yamamoto K, Iio SI, Yamada T. Effects of MaquiBright ® on improving eye dryness and fatigue in humans: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:172-178. [PMID: 31193920 PMCID: PMC6544612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of MaquiBright®, also known as BrightSight®, a standardized maqui berry extract, on improving eye dryness and fatigue in Japanese subjects (aged 30–60 years) experiencing eye dryness, eye fatigue, and ≥4 h of visual display terminal (VDT) work daily. Seventy-four participants were equally but randomly assigned to either a MaquiBright® (MB) or a placebo (P) group, wherein each participant consumed one capsule daily for 4 weeks of the appropriate treatment (MaquiBright® 60 or 0 mg). Eye dryness and fatigue were measured using the Schirmer's test, tear break-up time (BUT) test, pupillary response, and flicker test before intake and 4 weeks after intake. Furthermore, subjective symptoms were assessed using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) method and the Dry Eye–related Quality of Life Score (DEQS) questionnaire. The MB group demonstrated a significantly higher lacrimal fluid production in both eyes (increased 6.4 ± 8.1 mm, P = 0.005) in Schirmer's test compared to the P group before VDT load (playing a video game) at 4 weeks after intake. In the VAS method after VDT load, the reduction of subjective symptoms in eye fatigue (P = 0.047) and stiff shoulders (P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the MB group than in the P group as well as bothersome ocular symptoms (P = 0.037) by the DEQS. No adverse events were reported. Thus, the consumption of 60 mg of MaquiBright® per day for 4 weeks reduced eye dryness and seemed to alleviate eye fatigue.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body mass index
- BUT, Break-up time
- DEQS questionnaire
- DEQS, Dry Eye-related Quality of Life Score
- Delphinidin
- Lacrimal fluid production
- MB group, MaquiBright® group
- Maqui berry
- P group, Placebo group
- QOL, Quality of life
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SD, Standard deviation
- Schirmer's test
- VAS, Visual Analogue Scale
- VDT, Visual Display Terminal
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichiro Yamashita
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
- Corresponding author. ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan.
| | - Naoko Suzuki
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamamoto
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Iio
- ORTHOMEDICO Inc., 2F Sumitomo Fudosan Korakuen Bldg., 1-4-1 Koishikawa, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-0002, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yamada
- Ario Nishiarai Eye Clinic, 2F Ario Nishiarai, 1-20-1 Nishiarai Sakae-machi, Adachi-ku, Tokyo, 123-0843, Japan
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20
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Schön C, Wacker R, Micka A, Steudle J, Lang S, Bonnländer B. Bioavailability Study of Maqui Berry Extract in Healthy Subjects. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111720. [PMID: 30423989 PMCID: PMC6267473 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Several health promoting effects have been reported for maqui berry, rich in anthocyanins. Direct effects of anthocyanins as well as bioactive metabolites might be involved. Within the study, bioavailability of a proprietary standardized maqui berry extract Delphinol® was investigated based on two selected anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (DS) + cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (CS)) and two breakdown products (protocatechuic acid (PCA) + gallic acid (GA)) after a single-dose supplementation in humans. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from individual concentration time curves. In all 12 subjects a significant increase was noted in plasma values of DG and CS after intake of maqui berry extract. Maximum concentration of DG was observed after 1.0 ± 0.3 h and CS after 2.0 ± 1.1 h. Within 8 h, concentrations nearly returned to baseline levels. The results confirm a fast uptake and metabolism of the two selected key substances. Additionally, the phenolic acids GA and PCA were observed as breakdown products of anthocyanins. In summary, the study clearly confirms the bioavailability of maqui berry extract and its specific anthocyanin compounds and related breakdown products in healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roland Wacker
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54⁻56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | - Antje Micka
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54⁻56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Steudle
- BioTeSys GmbH, Schelztorstr. 54⁻56, 73728 Esslingen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lang
- Anklam Extrakt GmbH, Marienbergstr. 92, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.
| | - Bernd Bonnländer
- Anklam Extrakt GmbH, Marienbergstr. 92, 90411 Nuremberg, Germany.
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21
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Łata E, Fulczyk A, Kowalska T, Sajewicz M. Vulnerability of anthocyanins to the components of a thin-layer chromatographic system and comprehensive screening of anthocyanes in alimentary products. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1572:137-144. [PMID: 30150119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to revisit the TLC authentication of alimentary products concept based on analysis of anthocyanes with the foodstuffs of plant origin. To this effect, we used two anthocyanins (cyanin and keracyanin) and two anthocyanidins (pelargonidin and delphinidin) as phytochemical standards. The first step was to develop a novel method making use of the RP-18 F254s stationary phase (which ensures mixed-mode retention mechanism with the localized adsorption on the non-bonded silanols) and acetic acid as the mobile phase component. Importantly, similar TLC systems are currently used for the analysis of anthocyanes. Individual steps of our method development enabled a deeper insight in vulnerability of anthocyanins to external conditions resulting in hydrolysis thereof. In this study, it was impossible to fully separate the products of hydrolytic degradation of the test anthocyanins in a single development run and it was only triple development which ensured distinct and symmetrically shaped chromatographic spots, further scrutinized with use of mass spectrometry. The identity of the hydrolytically split fractions was additionally studied with use of the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) test. To obtain calibration curves, triple development was employed for cyanin, keracyanin, and pelargonidin, while delphinidin was developed in one development run. The respective LOD and LOQ values were: for spot (i) derived from the cyanin standard, 0.005 and 0.016 μg spot-1; for spot (ii) derived from the cyanin standard, 0.006 and 0.017 μg spot-1; for spot (i) derived from the keracyanin standard, 0.092 and 0.274 μg spot-1; for spot (ii) derived from the keracyanin standard, 0.035 and 0.104 μg spot-1; for the pelargonidin standard, 0.013 and 0.040 μg spot-1; and for the delphinidin standard, 0.036 and 0.108 μg spot-1. The developed method was used to identify and quantify cyanin, keracyanin, pelargonidin and delphinidin in selected alimentary products (syrups, juices and herbal infusions), keeping in mind that the obtained numerical results were of semi-quantitative nature only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Łata
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Fulczyk
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Teresa Kowalska
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Mieczysław Sajewicz
- Department of General Chemistry and Chromatography, Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-006 Katowice, Poland.
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22
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Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Blueberry Anthocyanins on High Glucose-Induced Human Retinal Capillary Endothelial Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:1862462. [PMID: 29682153 PMCID: PMC5842687 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1862462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Blueberries possess abundant anthocyanins, which benefit eye health. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective functional role of blueberry anthocyanin extract (BAE) and its predominant constituents, malvidin (Mv), malvidin-3-glucoside (Mv-3-glc), and malvidin-3-galactoside (Mv-3-gal), on high glucose- (HG-) induced injury in human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCECs). The results showed that BAE, Mv, Mv-3-glc, and Mv-3-gal enhanced cell viability (P < 0.05 versus the HG group at 24 h); decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS, P < 0.01 versus the HG group both at 24 and 48 h); and increased the enzyme activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P < 0.05 versus the HG group both at 24 and 48 h). Mv could greatly inhibit HG-induced Nox4 expression both at 24 and 48 h (P < 0.05), while BAE and Mv-3-gal downregulated Nox4 only at 48 h (P < 0.05). Mv, Mv-3-glc, and Mv-3-gal also changed nitric oxide (NO) levels (P < 0.05). BAE and Mv-3-glc also influenced angiogenesis by decreasing the vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) level and inhibiting Akt pathway (P < 0.05). Moreover, Mv and Mv-3-glc inhibited HG-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, P < 0.001) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) (P < 0.05). It indicated that blueberry anthocyanins protected HRCECs via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which could be promising molecules for the development of nutraceuticals to prevent diabetic retinopathy.
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23
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Chang SK, Alasalvar C, Shahidi F. Superfruits: Phytochemicals, antioxidant efficacies, and health effects - A comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:1580-1604. [PMID: 29360387 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1422111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The term "superfruit" has gained increasing usage and attention recently with the marketing strategy to promote the extraordinary health benefits of some exotic fruits, which may not have worldwide popularity. This has led to many studies with the identification and quantification of various groups of phytochemicals. This contribution discusses phytochemical compositions, antioxidant efficacies, and potential health benefits of the main superfruits such as açai, acerola, camu-camu, goji berry, jaboticaba, jambolão, maqui, noni, and pitanga. Novel product formulations, safety aspects, and future perspectives of these superfruits have also been covered. Research findings from the existing literature published within the last 10 years have been compiled and summarized. These superfruits having numerous phytochemicals (phenolic acids, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, iridoids, coumarins, hydrolysable tannins, carotenoids, and anthocyanins) together with their corresponding antioxidant activities, have increasingly been utilized. Hence, these superfruits can be considered as a valuable source of functional foods due to the phytochemical compositions and their corresponding antioxidant activities. The phytochemicals from superfruits are bioaccessible and bioavailable in humans with promising health benefits. More well-designed human explorative studies are needed to validate the health benefits of these superfruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sui Kiat Chang
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , School of Health Sciences, International Medical University , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | | | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- c Department of Biochemistry , Memorial University of Newfoundland , St. John's , NL , Canada
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24
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Nakamura S, Kimura Y, Mori D, Imada T, Izuta Y, Shibuya M, Sakaguchi H, Oonishi E, Okada N, Matsumoto K, Tsubota K. Restoration of Tear Secretion in a Murine Dry Eye Model by Oral Administration of Palmitoleic Acid. Nutrients 2017; 9:E364. [PMID: 28379171 PMCID: PMC5409703 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides)-derived products have traditionally been used as food and medicinal ingredients in Eastern countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral intake of sea buckthorn oil products on tear secretion using a murine dry eye model. Orally administered sea buckthorn pulp oil (not seed oil) restored aqueous tear secretion to its normal value under a dry eye condition. Palmitoleate (C16:1), a fatty acid present in sea buckthorn pulp oil, preserved tear secretion and suppressed inflammatory cytokines in the lacrimal gland to the same extent as that by pulp oil. These results suggest that an oral intake of sea buckthorn pulp oil has a potency to preserve tear secretion capacity in the dry eye state and palmitoleate, its main constituent fatty acid, is an active component of the oil. This effect may enable a potent diet-based treatment for the prevention of dry eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Nakamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Gifu 500-8618, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Gifu Shellac Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Gifu 500-8618, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.M.)
| | - Toshihiro Imada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Yusuke Izuta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Michiko Shibuya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Hisayo Sakaguchi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Erina Oonishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
| | - Naoko Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Kenji Matsumoto
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health & Development, Tokyo 157-8535, Japan;
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan; (T.I.); (Y.I.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (E.O.); (N.O.); (K.T.)
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25
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Cespedes CL, Pavon N, Dominguez M, Alarcon J, Balbontin C, Kubo I, El-Hafidi M, Avila JG. The chilean superfruit black-berry Aristotelia chilensis (Elaeocarpaceae), Maqui as mediator in inflammation-associated disorders. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 108:438-450. [PMID: 28040469 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 12/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phytochemicals occurred in fractions and extracts of fruits of "Maqui-berry" (Aristotelia chilensis), on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible-nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and the production of proinflammatory mediators were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW-264 cells, as well as their antioxidant activities. The MeOH extract (A), acetone/methanol extract (B), fractions F3, F4, subfractions (SF4-SF6, SF7, SF8-SF10, SF11-SF15, SF16-SF20), quercetin, gallic acid, luteolin, myricetin, mixtures M1, M2 and M3 exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that anthocyanins, flavonoids and its mixtures suppressed the LPS induced production of nitric oxide (NO), through the down-regulation of iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions and showed a potent antioxidant activity against SOD, ABTS, TBARS, ORAC, FRAP and DCFH. The inhibition of enzymes and NO production by selected fractions and compounds was dose-dependent with significant effects seen at concentration as low as 1.0-50.0 (ppm) and 5.0-10.0 μM, for samples (extracts, fractions, subfractions and mixtures) and pure compounds, respectively. Thus, the phenolics (anthocyanins, flavonoids, and organic acids) as the fractions and mixtures may provide a potential therapeutic approach for inflammation associated disorders and therefore might be used as antagonizing agents to ameliorate the effects of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile.
| | - Natalia Pavon
- Departmento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Mariana Dominguez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Desarrollo, Laboratorio 305-Sur, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Cristian Balbontin
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio Bio. Chillan, Chile
| | - Isao Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3112, USA
| | - Mohammed El-Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Jose G Avila
- Laboratorio de Fitoquímica, UBIPRO, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico
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Assessment of antibacterial and antioxidant properties of chitosan edible films incorporated with maqui berry (Aristotelia chilensis). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Tuberoso CIG, Rosa A, Montoro P, Fenu MA, Pizza C. Antioxidant activity, cytotoxic activity and metabolic profiling of juices obtained from saffron (Crocus sativus L.) floral by-products. Food Chem 2015; 199:18-27. [PMID: 26775939 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Juices obtained from cold-pressed saffron (Crocus sativus L.) floral by-products were evaluated as a potential source of compounds with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Floral by-products were split in two batches for extraction 24 and 48h after flower harvesting, respectively. The in vitro anti-oxidant activity of these extracts was tested using the FRAP and DPPH assays, and two biological models of lipid oxidation (activity in preventing cholesterol degradation and protection against Cu(2+)-mediated degradation of the liposomal unsaturated fatty acids). The cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the MTT assay. The results show that extracts obtained 48h post-harvest contained higher levels of total polar phenols and had the highest antioxidant activity in all of the performed assays. The LC-DAD and LC-ESI-(HR)MS(n) metabolic profiles showed high levels of kaempferol derivatives and anthocyanins. This study suggests that juices from saffron floral by-products could potentially be used to develop new products for the food and health industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo I G Tuberoso
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Antonella Rosa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, SS 554, km 4.5, 09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Maurizio Antonio Fenu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale, 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cosimo Pizza
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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