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Sommai S, Wanapat M, Suntara C, Prachumchai R, Cherdthong A. Supplementation of Alternanthera sissoo pellets on feed digestion, rumen fermentation, and protozoal population in Thai native beef cattle. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29972. [PMID: 38694056 PMCID: PMC11058898 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of Brazilian spinach (Alternanthera sissoo) pellet (BSP) supplementation on rumen fermentation, protozoal population, and methane (CH4) estimation in beef cattle. Four male Thai native beef cattle, 3 years old, with an average bodyweight of 180 ± 5 kg, were randomly arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The cattle were supplemented (on-top) with four levels of BSP (2, 4, 6, and 8% dry matter intake (DMI), respectively). The roughage component, derived from rice straw, was fed at 40 % of DMI, while the concentrate diet was fed at 60 % of DMI. The result of the experiment demonstrated that BSP supplementation had no effect on the DMI, nutrient intake, or nutrient digestibility (p > 0.05). Rumen pH and ammonia-nitrogen concentration were not significant, while the average protozoal population linearly decreased (p = 0.002) with BSP supplementation. Mean blood urea-nitrogen concentration was linearly increased (p = 0.004) when increasing the level of BSP. Brazilian spinach pellet had no significant effect on total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), VFA profiles, and CH4 estimation (p > 0.05). Nitrogen balance was no different from the supplementation of BSP. The study indicates that Brazilian spinach pellet supplementation showed no noticeable effects on feed intake, rumen parameters, and nitrogen utilization; however, at 6-8% of DMI, there was a decrease in protozoal population, with no corresponding reduction in CH4 estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukruthai Sommai
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Chanon Suntara
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Rittikeard Prachumchai
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Rajamangala, University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, 12130, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
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Batinić P, Jovanović A, Stojković D, Zengin G, Cvijetić I, Gašić U, Čutović N, Pešić MB, Milinčić DD, Carević T, Marinković A, Bugarski B, Marković T. Phytochemical Analysis, Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of Root Extracts from Paeonia Species in Serbia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:518. [PMID: 38675478 PMCID: PMC11054981 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Without being aware of their chemical composition, many cultures have used herbaceous peony roots for medicinal purposes. Modern phytopreparations intended for use in human therapy require specific knowledge about the chemistry of peony roots and their biological activities. In this study, ethanol-water extracts were prepared by maceration and microwave- and ultrasound-assisted extractions (MAE and UAE, respectively) in order to obtain bioactive molecules from the roots of Paeonia tenuifolia L., Paeonia peregrina Mill., and Paeonia officinalis L. wild growing in Serbia. Chemical characterization; polyphenol and flavonoid content; antioxidant, multianti-enzymatic, and antibacterial activities of extracts; and in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) of hot water extracts were performed. The strongest anti-cholinesterase activity was observed in PT extracts. The highest anti-ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical potential was observed in PP extracts, whereas against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals), the best results were achieved with PO extracts. Regarding antibacterial activity, extracts were strongly potent against Bacillus cereus. A molecular docking simulation was conducted to gather insights into the binding affinity and interactions of polyphenols and other Paeonia-specific molecules in the active sites of tested enzymes. In vitro GID of Paeonia teas showed a different recovery and behavior of the individual bioactives, with an increased recovery of methyl gallate and digallate and a decreased recovery of paeoniflorin and its derivatives. PT (Gulenovci) and PP (Pirot) extracts obtained by UAE and M were more efficient in the majority of the bioactivity assays. This study represents an initial step toward the possible application of Paeonia root extracts in pharmacy, medicine, and food technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petar Batinić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Jovanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy INEP, University of Belgrade, Banatska 31b, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Dejan Stojković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (U.G.); (T.C.)
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Ilija Cvijetić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Students Square 10-13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Uroš Gašić
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (U.G.); (T.C.)
| | - Natalija Čutović
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Č.); (T.M.)
| | - Mirjana B. Pešić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.P.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Danijel D. Milinčić
- Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Food Technology and Biochemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.B.P.); (D.D.M.)
| | - Tamara Carević
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.S.); (U.G.); (T.C.)
| | - Aleksandar Marinković
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Branko Bugarski
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Tatjana Marković
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (N.Č.); (T.M.)
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Castañeda-Rodríguez R, Quiles A, Hernando I, Ozuna C. Cooking methods determine chemical composition and functional properties of squash blossoms: A study of microstructural and bioaccessibility changes. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114095. [PMID: 38395569 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods (boiling, stir-frying, and steaming) on the microstructure, moisture, fat, protein, and glucose-derived carbohydrate contents, and the bioactive compounds (total carotenoids: CAR, total chlorophyll: CHLO, and total phenolic compounds: TPC) and antioxidant capacity (AC) of squash blossoms. Furthermore, we characterized polyphenolic compounds using HPLC and evaluated their bioaccessibility via in vitro digestions. Our results show that steaming and boiling do not affect moisture content. Only stir-frying decreased (p < 0.05) this parameter by 8 %. Additionally, the cooking methods increased (p < 0.05) protein and glucose-derived carbohydrate contents. All cooking methods changed the microstructure of the blossoms, probably due to the thermal and mechanical variations that result in moisture loss and degradation of cell wall components. As for the functional properties, boiling caused a greater loss of TPC (up to 96 %) and AC (up to 91 %). Stir-frying caused the greatest loss of CAR (up to 81 %) and CHLO (up to 84 %). The in vitro digestion assays showed changes in the bioaccessibility of CAR, CHLO, TPC, and AC in the cooked flowers compared to the fresh ones. Finally, kaempferol and gallic acid were the most resistant polyphenols to the cooking methods and in vitro digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rey Castañeda-Rodríguez
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao km 9, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao km 9, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | - Amparo Quiles
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernando
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - César Ozuna
- Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao km 9, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico; Departamento de Alimentos, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato-Silao km 9, Irapuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico.
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Picos-Salas MA, Leyva-López N, Bastidas-Bastidas PDJ, Antunes-Ricardo M, Cabanillas-Bojórquez LA, Angulo-Escalante MA, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Supercritical CO 2 extraction of naringenin from Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens): its antioxidant capacity under simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1146. [PMID: 38212400 PMCID: PMC10784293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50997-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
A supercritical CO2 method was optimized to recover naringenin-rich extract from Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens), a flavanone with high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The effect of the extraction parameters like pressure, temperature, and co-solvent on naringenin concentration was evaluated. We used response surface methodology to optimize the naringenin extraction from oregano; the chemical composition by UPLC-MS of the optimized extract and the effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion on its antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content were also evaluated. The optimum conditions were 58.4 °C and 12.46% co-solvent (ethanol), with a pressure of 166 bar, obtaining a naringenin content of 46.59 mg/g extract. Also, supercritical optimized extracts yielded high quantities of cirsimaritin, quercetin, phloridzin, apigenin, and luteolin. The results indicated that the naringenin-rich extract obtained at optimized conditions had higher total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity by TEAC and ORAC, and flavonoid content, compared with the methanolic extract, and the simulated gastrointestinal digestion reduced all these values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adrian Picos-Salas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Posdoc CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Pedro de Jesús Bastidas-Bastidas
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, NL, 64849, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, 64849, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Luis Angel Cabanillas-Bojórquez
- Posdoc CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Miguel Angel Angulo-Escalante
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - J Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México
| | - Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Cátedras CONAHCYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Carretera a Eldorado Km 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, 80110, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.
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Granados-Balbuena SY, Díaz-Pacheco A, García-Meza MG, Tapia-López L, Cruz-Narváez Y, Ocaranza-Sánchez E. Phytochemical profile of petals from black Dahlia pinnata by flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2023; 34:1009-1021. [PMID: 37518673 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dahlia pinnata Cav. is a flower native to Mexico that has many applications; in particular, its petals have been used for ornamental, food, and medicinal purposes, for example to treat skin rashes and skin cracks. It has been reported that the medicinal properties of plants are generally related to the phytochemical constituents they possess. However, there are few studies on black D. pinnata. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed at qualitatively and quantitatively determining the phytochemical profile of petals from black D. pinnata. METHODOLOGY Phytochemicals from Dahlia petals were extracted by consecutive maceration (hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol); then, the extracts were analyzed through colorimetric assays and UV-Vis spectroscopy for qualitative identification and quantification of phytochemical compounds, respectively. The methanolic extract was analyzed by flow injection analysis-electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FIA-ESI-FTICR-MS) in negative and positive mode. RESULTS Quantitative phytochemical profiling of the methanolic extract by UV-Vis spectroscopy indicated high contents of phenolic compounds (34.35 ± 3.59 mg EQ/g plant) and sugars (23.91 ± 1.99 mg EQ/g plant), while the qualitative profiling by FIA-ESI-FTICR-MS allowed the tentative identification of several flavonoids and phenolic acids. Kaempferol-3-rutinoside, pelargonidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside)-5-glucoside, rutin, kaempferol-3-(2″,3″-diacetyl-4″-p-coumaroylrhamnoside), and myricetin-3-(2‴-galloylrhamnoside) were the main compounds detected. CONCLUSION The results expand our knowledge of the phytochemical constituents of petals from black D. pinnata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulem Yali Granados-Balbuena
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Tlaxcala del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Valle, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Adrian Díaz-Pacheco
- Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Tlaxcala del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Guillermo Valle, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe García-Meza
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Lilia Tapia-López
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Yair Cruz-Narváez
- Laboratorio de Posgrado de Operaciones Unitarias, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Química e Industrias Extractivas, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erik Ocaranza-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Tepetitla de Lardizábal, Tlaxcala, Mexico
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Fatkullin R, Kalinina I, Naumenko N, Naumenko E. Use of Micronization and Complex Coacervation to Preserve Antioxidant Properties of Flavonoids. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2023; 2023:9456931. [PMID: 37745180 PMCID: PMC10516702 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9456931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The plant flavonoids taxifolin and rutin are among the best known and best studied antioxidants. In addition to their antioxidant properties, other pharmacobiological properties have been established for these substances. At the same time, taxifolin and rutin are chemically labile. They are prone to oxidative degradation and have poor water solubility. Under conditions of their real consumption, all this can lead to a significant reduction or complete loss of bioactivity of these flavonoids. Flavonoid modification and encapsulation techniques can be used to overcome these barrier factors. The use of micronization process for taxifolin and rutin allows changing the lipophilicity values of antioxidants. For micronized taxifolin, the log P value is 1.3 (1.12 for the control forms), and for rutin, it was 0.15 (-0.64 for the control forms). The antioxidant activity of micronized flavonoids has increased about 1.16 times compared to control forms. The present study evaluates the possibility of using encapsulation of premyconized flavonoids by complex coacervation, in order to preserve their antioxidant properties. The results of an in vitro digestion study show that the encapsulated forms of antioxidants retain their bioactivity and bioavailability better than their original forms. The bioavailability indices for the encapsulated forms of flavonoids are more than 1.6 times higher than for their original forms. The digested fractions of the encapsulated properties reveal better antioxidant properties than their original forms in in vitro tests evaluating the antioxidant properties on cultures of the protozoan Paramecium caudatum and human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Encapsulated rutin indicates the highest activity, 0.64 relative to PMA. Thus, the studies represent the feasibility of using encapsulation to protect flavonoids during digestion and ensure the preservation of their antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinat Fatkullin
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Irina Kalinina
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Natalya Naumenko
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Naumenko
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, South Ural State University (National Research University), 76 Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
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Bekkouch O, Zengin G, Harnafi M, Touiss I, Khoulati A, Saalaoui E, Harnafi H, Abdellattif MH, Amrani S. Anti-Inflammatory Study and Phytochemical Characterization of Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon L. Juices and Their Formulation. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:26715-26724. [PMID: 37546676 PMCID: PMC10398691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon, well known as ginger and lemon, are two vegetals widely used in traditional medicine and the culinary field. The juices of the two vegetals were evaluated based on their inflammation, both in vivo and in vitro. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to characterize different juices from Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon. After the application of the HPLC method, different compounds were identified, such as 6-gingerol and 6-gingediol from the ginger juice and isorhamnetin and hesperidin from the lemon juice. In addition, the two juices and their formulation were assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity, in vitro by utilizing the BSA denaturation test, in vivo using the carrageenan-induced inflammation test, and the vascular permeability test. Important and statistically significant anti-inflammatory activities were observed for all juices, especially the formulation. The results of our work showed clearly that the Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon juices protect in vivo the development of the rat paw edema, especially the formulation F composed of the Zingiber officinale and Citrus limon juices, which shows an anti-inflammatory activity equal to -35.95% and -44.05% using 10 and 20 mg/kg of the dose, respectively. Our work also showed that the formulation was the most effective tested extract since it inhibits the vascular permeability by -37% and -44% at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg, respectively, and in vitro via the inhibition of the denaturation of BSA by giving a synergetic effect with the highest IC50 equal to 684.61 ± 7.62 μg/mL corresponding to the formulation F. This work aims to develop nutraceutical preparations in the future and furnishes the support for a new investigation into the activities of the various compounds found in Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Citrus limon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oussama Bekkouch
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Gökhan Zengin
- Physiology
and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science
Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamed Harnafi
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Ilham Touiss
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Amine Khoulati
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Ennouamane Saalaoui
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Hicham Harnafi
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
| | - Magda H. Abdellattif
- Chemistry
Department, Sciences College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Souliman Amrani
- Laboratory
of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty
of Sciences, Mohammed First University, Oujda60000, Morocco
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Zhang XK, Cao GH, Bi Y, Liu XH, Yin HM, Zuo JF, Xu W, Li HD, He S, Zhou XH. Comprehensive Analysis of 34 Edible Flowers by the Determination of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Capacity Planted in Yunnan Province China. Molecules 2023; 28:5260. [PMID: 37446920 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to reveal the nutritional value and antioxidant activity of 34 edible flowers that grew in Yunnan Province, China, through a comprehensive assessment of their nutritional composition and antioxidant indices. The results showed that sample A3 of Asteraceae flowers had the highest total flavonoid content, with a value of 8.53%, and the maximum contents of vitamin C and reducing sugars were from Rosaceae sample R1 and Gentianaceae sample G3, with values of 143.80 mg/100 g and 7.82%, respectively. Samples R2 and R3 of Rosaceae were the top two flowers in terms of comprehensive nutritional quality. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of Rosaceae samples was evidently better than that of three others, in which Sample R1 had the maximum values in hydroxyl radical (·OH) scavenging and superoxide anion radical (·O2-) scavenging rates, and samples R2 and R3 showed a high total antioxidant capacity and 2,2-diphenyl-1-pyridylhydrazine (DPPH) scavenging rate, respectively. Taken together, there were significant differences in the nutrient contents and antioxidant properties of these 34 flowers, and the comprehensive quality of Rosaceae samples was generally better than the other three families. This study provides references for 34 edible flowers to be used as dietary supplements and important sources of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Kai Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Guan-Hua Cao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yue Bi
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xiao-Hai Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yin
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jia-Fang Zuo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Wen Xu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hong-Dong Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Sen He
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicine Utilization, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xu-Hong Zhou
- Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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Song SS, Wang RY, Li ZH, Yang Y, Wang TT, Qing LS, Luo P. Role of simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on biotransformation and bioactivity of astragalosides from Radix Astragali. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 231:115414. [PMID: 37141677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radix Astragali (RA) is commonly used in Asian herbal therapy or food supply, and astragalosides and flavonoids are its major components with diverse pharmaceutical effects. To provide new information on the potential cardiovascular benefits of RA administered orally, the bioaccessibility of these compounds with relevant in vitro digestion parameters was determined for four digestion phases (oral, gastric, small and large intestines) by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS). Meanwhile, we compared the effects of digestion products on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in a human arterial endothelial cells (HAECs) model, and studied the potential of RA against oxidative stress-related cardiovascular disease. The changes of saponins and flavonoids composition and antioxidant activity after digestion in intestines were mainly due to the astragaloside IV (AS-IV) biosynthesis involving saponins acetyl isomerization and deacetylation, and the flavonoid glycosides converted to aglycone by deglycosylation processes. All these results suggest that acetyl biotransformation of RA in small intestine directly influenced the response to oxidative stress, and might provide a reference for elucidation of the multi-component action after oral RA in cardiovascular health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Run-Yue Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhan-Hua Li
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau
| | - Tian-Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin-Sen Qing
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Pei Luo
- State Key Laboratories for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, 999078, Macau.
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The Influence of Flavonoid Dihydroquercetin on the Enzymatic Processes of Dough Ripening and the Antioxidant Properties of Bread. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Bread is an integral part of the diet of the world population. Development of bread enriched with biologically active substances, including antioxidants, could be good nutritional support for human health. Among well-studied antioxidants, we can highlight dihydroquercetin, a flavonoid with outstanding antioxidant properties, such as anti-inflammatory activity, immunostimulatory properties, anti-cancer properties, and others. At the same time, the technology of bread enrichment must consider the possible negative effects of the additive on the technological processes and properties of the final product. The present work was carried out to evaluate the effect of dihydroquercetin on the enzymatic processes occurring during dough maturation and the antioxidant properties of the finished bread. Dihydroquercetin was added in amounts of 0.05 g, 0.07 g, and 0.1 g per 100 g of wheat flour and fermented with commercial baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The kinetics of pH and total titratable acidity (TTA) during dough fermentation showed that dihydroquercetin caused slight slowing of enzymatic processes. However, the dosage of dihydroquercetin did not cause statistically significant changes in the yeast concentration, which reached a level of 108 KOU/g after 2 h in all dough samples. Loss of dihydroquercetin during fermentation was established at a level of 20–25%. At the same time, an increase in the total amount of flavonoids in the dough after 2 h of fermentation and an increase in values of antioxidant activity were noted. The antioxidant properties of the bread also increased when it was enriched with dihydroquercetin (about 3.5–4 times) despite the fact that the total quantitative loss of antioxidant in the technological process was considerable (about 40%). A protective effect of the bread matrix on flavonoids during digestion was shown. Dihydroquercetin loss was about 25% regardless of the amount applied. This work clearly showed that addition of dihydroquercetin to a bread formulation represents a promising strategy for increasing the antioxidant properties of bread.
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11
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Huang H, Yang X, Li W, Han Q, Xu Z, Xia W, Wu M, Zhang W. Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of an arabinogalactan from Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton tea processing waste. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123816. [PMID: 36841385 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
An arabinogalactan named JSP-1a was isolated from Jasmine tea processing waste by DEAE Sepharose FF and Sephacryl S-200 HR chromatography. Polysaccharide JSP-1a, with an average molecular weight of 87.5 kDa, was composed of galactose (59.60 %), arabinose (33.89 %), mannose (4.81 %), and rhamnose (1.70 %). JSP-1a was found to be a type II arabinogalactan comprising the main backbone of 1, 6-linked Galp residues, and the side chain containing α-T-Araf, α-1,5-Araf, β-T-Galp, β-1,3-Galp, and β-1,4-Manp residues was attached to the O-3 position of β-1,3,6-Galp residues. Evidence from bioactivity assays indicated that JSP-1a possessed potent immunomodulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages: treatment with JSP-1a increased phagocytosis, activated NF-κB p65 translocation, and promoted the production of NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-6. Furthermore, inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 caused the suppression of NO release and cytokines secretion, which indicated that TLR-4/NF-κB pathway might play a significant role in JSP-1a-induced macrophages' immune response. The results of this study could provide a theoretical basis of JSP-1a as a safe immunostimulatory functional foods or a treatment for immunological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, PR China
| | - Qifeng Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Zhizhen Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Wei Xia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Mengqi Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China.
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Development of Dairy Products Fortified with Plant Extracts: Antioxidant and Phenolic Content Characterization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020500. [PMID: 36830058 PMCID: PMC9952465 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been growing interest in the fortification of dairy products with antioxidants and phenolics derived from plant byproducts and herbs. The present study focused on the analysis of dairy products, including kefir, cream cheese, yogurt, and vegan yogurt, enhanced with aqueous extracts of plant byproducts (Citrus aurantium peel, Citrus limon peel and Rosa canina seed) and herbs (Sideritis spp., Hypericum perforatum, Origanum dictamnus, Mentha pulegium L., Melissa oficinallis, Mentha spicata L. and Lavandula angustifolia) to characterize their antioxidant content, phenolic profile, and organoleptic characteristics. Antioxidant and phenolic content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays and presented values up to 46.61 ± 7.22 mmol Fe2+/L and 82.97 ± 4.29 mg gallic acid (GAE)/g, respectively for the aqueous extracts, as well as up to 0.68 ± 0.06 mmol Fe2+/L and 2.82 ± 0.36 mg GAE/g for the fortified dairy products. The bioavailability of antioxidants and phenolics in fortified foods was determined after in vitro digestion and ranged between 4 and 68%. The phytochemical profile of the aqueous extracts was determined by mass spectrometry, and 162 phytochemicals were determined, from which 128 belong to the polyphenol family including flavonoids and phenolic acids. Furthermore, most of the identified compounds have been recorded to possess enhanced antioxidant capacity in correlation to the in vitro findings. Finally, organoleptic evaluation showed an overall acceptability around 3.0 ± 1.0 on a 5-point scale. In conclusion, the studied plants and herbal extracts can be used for the fortification of a variety of dairy products with potential positive effects on human health.
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El Sayed NS, Abidar S, Nhiri M, Hritcu L, Ibrahim WW. Aqueous extract of Ceratonia siliqua L. leaves elicits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and AChE inhibiting effects in amyloid-β42-induced cognitive deficit mice: Role of α7-nAChR in modulating Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin cascade. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36760217 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder attributed to several etiological factors including cholinergic dysregulation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, β-amyloidogenesis, and tauopathy. This demands the search for multitarget drugs, especially of natural sources owing to their pleiotropic activities and low adverse effects. The present study was conducted to investigate the cognitive-improving potential of Ceratonia siliqua L. (Cs) extract compared with donepezil, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, on AD-like pathological alterations induced by single intracerebroventricular amyloid-β42 (Aβ42) injection in mice. Aβ42-injected mice were treated with Cs (100 mg/kg/day, po) with or without methyllycaconitine (MLA; 1 mg/kg/day, ip), an α7-nAChR antagonist. Aβ42-injected animals demonstrated an elevation of hippocampal Aβ42, p-Tau, and acetylcholinesterase. They also showed a decline in phosphorylated levels of Jak2, PI3K, Akt, and GSK-3β, leading to induction of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Noteworthy, Cs improved the histopathological and behavioral variables in addition to mitigating AD hallmarks. It also exerted neuroprotection by reducing NF-κBp65 and TNF-α, while elevating Nrf2 and HO-1, along with stabilizing β-catenin under the impact of Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling. These beneficial effects of Cs were abrogated by MLA co-administration signifying the α7-nAChR involvement in Cs-mediated effects. Therefore, Cs can ameliorate Aβ42-induced neurodegeneration by modulating Jak2/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis in an α7-nAChR-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine S El Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sara Abidar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (LBMG), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier (FSTT) Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Nhiri
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (LBMG), Faculty of Sciences and Technologies of Tangier (FSTT) Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Weam W Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Evaluation of viability to simulated gastrointestinal tract passage of probiotic strains and pioneer bioaccessibility analyses of antioxidants in chocolate. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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15
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Chemical Profile and Skin-Beneficial Activities of the Petal Extracts of Paeonia tenuifolia L. from Serbia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121537. [PMID: 36558988 PMCID: PMC9787298 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Without being aware of its chemical makeup, many ancient societies have used Steppe peony in their traditional medicine. Given that modern phytopreparation intended for use on human skin requires, above all, knowledge of its chemical composition, the goal of this study was to make a screening of the composition of aqueous and methanolic extracts of the petals of P. tenuifolia L. and to examine them for various skin-beneficial properties. The extracts were prepared by maceration, ultrasound-assisted, and microwave-assisted extraction procedures. The chemical profiling was conducted by the use of UHPLC-LTQ-OrbiTrap MS and UHPLC/MS, and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents. The biological activities entailed antioxidant ABTS, DPPH, CUPRAC (Cupric Ion Reducing Antioxidant Capacity), and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) assays, antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) and antibiofilm activities, cytotoxicity, wound healing potential, as well as the adhesion and invasion of Staphylococcus lugdunensis. The results showed that the petals are rich in phenolic acids and flavonoids, which are commonly associated with numerous biological activities. The aqueous extracts were more efficient in the majority of the bioactivity assays then the methanolic ones, whereas the optimal extraction method varied between the assays. This study is the first step towards the safe use of the aqueous extracts of P. tenuifolia petals for therapeutic skin treatments.
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Červenka L, Frühbauerová M, Palarčík J, Muriqi S, Velichová H. The Effect of Vibratory Grinding Time on Moisture Sorption, Particle Size Distribution, and Phenolic Bioaccessibility of Carob Powder. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227689. [PMID: 36431790 PMCID: PMC9698127 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Carob pod powder, an excellent source of health-promoting substances, has found its use in a wide range of food products. Grinding conditions affect the physical and chemical properties of the powder, but their influence on the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds in carob pod powder has not yet been determined. The carob pods were ground for 30-180 s in a vibratory grinder. The median values (D50) of particle size decreased after 60 s of grinding (87.9 μm), then increased to 135.1 μm. Lightness showed a negative correlation with D50 and aw, while the values of redness and yellowness decreased with the reduction in particle size and water activity. The smaller the value of D50, the higher the equilibrium moisture content of carob powder. Phenolic acids (vanillic, ferulic, cinnamic) and flavonoids (luteolin, naringenin, apigenin) were found in all samples of carob powder. The grinding time influenced their content in carob powder, with maximum values at 180 s. Similar observations were made when assessing antioxidant capacity. The in vitro digestion process only improved the bioaccessibility of catechin content in all samples. However, the bioaccessibility of the phenolic compounds and the total phenolic and flavonoid contents decreased with the increase in grinding time. Our findings revealed that the grinding of carob pods for 180 s improved the extractability of phenolics; however, their bioaccessibility was reduced. It is sufficient to ground the carob pod for 30 s, ensuring good availability of nutraceuticals and lower energy cost for grinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Červenka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Michaela Frühbauerová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Palarčík
- Institute of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Sali Muriqi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Velichová
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomáš Baťa University in Zlín, Nám. T. G. Masaryka 5555, 460 01 Zlín, Czech Republic
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17
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Yan G, Zhou Y, Zhao L, Wang W. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of solvent extracts from four edible flowers. INTERNATIONAL FOOD RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.47836/ifrj.29.5.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In order to identify new sources of natural antioxidants, the antioxidant activities of various solvent extracts from four edible flower samples [Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC., Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn, Luffa cylindrica (L.) Roem, and Cucurbita pepo L.) were systemically investigated. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and individual phenolic profile of each extract were investigated, and antioxidant activities were measured by the DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, total reduction capability, and ferrous ions chelating activity. Results revealed that all flower extracts exhibited antioxidant activities, and contained certain amounts of phenolic compounds. Specifically, different solvents exhibited different efficiencies in the extraction of phenolics, flavonoids, and compounds with antioxidant activities. The 70% ethanolic extract from B. hispida yielded the highest TPC (49.92 mg GAE/g DW), superoxide radical scavenging activity (IC50, 0.073 mg/mL), and FRAP value (18.05 mg of GAE/g DW). The highest TFC was obtained with the ethanolic extract of W. sinensis (30.39 mg QE/g DW), and the contents of apigenin, luteolin, and myricetin in the ethanolic extract of W. sinensis were significantly higher than those in the other extracts. The 40% ethanolic extract of L. cylindrica yielded the highest DPPH scavenging capacity (IC50, 0.340 mg/mL), and water extract of B. hispida yielded the highest chelating activity (0.027 mg/mL). Correlation analysis indicated that total phenolics and flavonoids in the extracts were the major contributors to the DPPH scavenging activities and FRAP activities. Overall, results demonstrated that these edible flowers could serve as useful source of natural antioxidants, and be used as functional food ingredients.
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Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP, Zamudio-Sosa VE, Contreras-Angulo LA, Leyva-López N, Heredia JB. Bioaccessibility of Phenolic Compounds from Mistletoe Infusions and Effect of In Vitro Digestion on Its Antioxidant and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory Activity. Foods 2022; 11:foods11213319. [PMID: 36359932 PMCID: PMC9657092 DOI: 10.3390/foods11213319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phoradendron brachystachyum is an American mistletoe distributed in México and used ethnobotanically in infusions to treat hypertriglyceridemia and lower cholesterol levels. This study aimed to evaluate the bioaccessibility of the phenolic acids from mistletoe infusions and the effect of simulated digestion on its antioxidant and lipase inhibitory properties. The in vitro digestion process decreased the antioxidant capacity activity by the TEAC and ORAC assays in infusions from leaves, stems, and whole plant samples. Moreover, the individual phenolic content of mistletoe infusions was also affected by the in vitro digestion process; the most abundant individual phenolic constituents at the end of the digestion process were ferulic and quinic acids. These compounds showed low bioaccessibility values ranging from 7.48% to 22.60%. In addition, the in vitro digestion diminished the pancreatic lipase inhibition percentage of leaves and whole plant infusions but increased it in the stem samples. This research showed that given the phenolic content and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of mistletoe infusions, it could be used as a potential source for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals; nonetheless, its phenolic content is affected by gastrointestinal digestion; thus, encapsulation strategies are encouraged to protect these metabolites from the gastrointestinal environment while preserving their antioxidant and hypolipidemic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Paul Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - Victor Eduardo Zamudio-Sosa
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Laura Aracely Contreras-Angulo
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a Eldorado Km. 5.5, Col. Campo El Diez, Culiacán 80110, Sinaloa, Mexico
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Dujmović M, Radman S, Opačić N, Fabek Uher S, Mikuličin V, Voća S, Šic Žlabur J. Edible Flower Species as a Promising Source of Specialized Metabolites. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2529. [PMID: 36235395 PMCID: PMC9570977 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Eating habits are changing over time and new innovative nutrient-rich foods will play a great role in the future. Awareness of the importance of a healthy diet is growing, so consumers are looking for new creative food products rich in phytochemicals, i.e., specialized metabolites (SM). The consumption of fruits, vegetables and aromatic species occupies an important place in the daily diet, but different edible flower species are still neglected and unexplored. Flowers are rich in SM, have strong antioxidant capacities and also possess significant functional and biological values with favorable impacts on human health. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the content of SM and the antioxidant capacities of the edible flower species: Calendula officinalis L. (common marigold), Tagetes erecta L. (African marigold), Tropaeolum majus L. (nasturtium), Cucurbita pepo L. convar. giromontiina (zucchini) and Centaurea cyanus L. (cornflower). The obtained results showed the highest content of ascorbic acid (129.70 mg/100 g fw) and anthocyanins (1012.09 mg/kg) recorded for cornflower, phenolic compounds (898.19 mg GAE/100 g fw) and carotenoids (0.58 mg/g) for African marigold and total chlorophylls (0.75 mg/g) for common marigold. In addition to the esthetic impression of the food, they represent an important source of SM and thus can have a significant impact if incorporated in the daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia Dujmović
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Radman
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevena Opačić
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sanja Fabek Uher
- Department of Vegetable Crops, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vida Mikuličin
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Voća
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jana Šic Žlabur
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Storage and Transport, University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Svetošimunska cesta 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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20
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Picos-Salas MA, Cabanillas-Bojórquez LÁ, Elizalde-Romero CA, Leyva-López N, Montoya-Inzunza LA, Heredia JB, Gutiérrez-Grijalva EP. Naringenin as a Natural Agent Against Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, and Its Bioavailability. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2123502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adrian Picos-Salas
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | | | | | - Nayely Leyva-López
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | - Luis Aurelio Montoya-Inzunza
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | - J. Basilio Heredia
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
| | - Erick P. Gutiérrez-Grijalva
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinalora, México
- Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Cátedras CONACYT-Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C., Sinaloa, Mexico
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21
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Zhou C, Huang Y, Chen J, Chen H, Wu Q, Zhang K, Li D, Li Y, Chen Y. Effects of high-pressure homogenization extraction on the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of large-leaf yellow tea polysaccharide conjugates. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Increasing the Efficiency of Taxifolin Encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Cells Based on Ultrasonic Microstructuring. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8080378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of encapsulating the plant antioxidant taxifolin in the living cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Taxifolin is an unstable substance prone to oxidative degradation and actively enters into chemical reactions with a decrease or loss of bioactive properties. To minimize these problems, the use of encapsulation technology has been proposed. The cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been chosen as a protective material for taxifolin. The encapsulation process was carried out using simple diffusion methods in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a thermostatically controlled shaker for 24 h. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preliminary microstructuring of taxifolin on the efficiency of its encapsulation in yeast cells. The microstructuring process was carried out using low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation exposure for 7 min with a frequency of 22 ± 1.6 kHz and a power of 600 W/100 mL. The studies confirmed the feasibility of the proposed approach. It was found that microstructuring changes the dispersed composition of taxifolin particles and their morphology in solution and also increases the value of the antioxidant activity. Preliminary microstructuring of taxifolin increases the efficiency of its encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells by 1.42 times compared to the initial form. A positive dependence of the growth of the encapsulation efficiency on the duration of the process was also established. Thus, the conducted studies confirmed the advantage of encapsulation of taxifolin in living cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in microstructured form.
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Song G, Liu J, Shui R, Sun J, Weng Q, Qiu S, Wang D, Liu S, Xiao G, Chen X, Shen Q, Gong J, Zheng F. Effect of steam explosion pretreatment on the composition and bioactive characteristic of phenolic compounds in Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat cv. Hangbaiju powder with various sieve fractions. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1888-1898. [PMID: 35702289 PMCID: PMC9179122 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Steam explosion (SE) pretreatment is an efficient technique to promote the fiber degradation and disrupt materials' cell wall. In this study, the effect of SE pretreatment on the changes in phenolic profile, and the in vitro digestion property of a Chinese indigenous herb "Hangbaiju" (HBJ) powder with various sieve fractions (150-, 180-, 250-, 425-, and 850-μm sieves) were studied. After SE pretreatment, the morphological structure, color attributes, and composition of phenolic compounds were altered significantly (p < .05). The composition and content of phenolic compounds were strongly correlated with particle sizes. The higher extraction yield of phenolic compounds was reached in the intermediate sieve fraction (ca. 250-μm sieves). During in vitro digestion, the changes in phenolic compounds were significant due to the transition from an acidic to the alkaline environment (p < .05). Based on the multivariate statistical analysis, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and linarin, were viewed as the characteristic compounds among various samples. The results highlighted that the phytochemical properties mainly including the composition of phenolic compounds, and in vitro digestion properties of HBJ powder with intermediate sieve fraction could be improved after SE pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongshuai Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Jiayuan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Ruofan Shui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Jiachen Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Qian Weng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Shaoping Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Danli Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and SafetyBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Shiwang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
| | - Xi Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalAffiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Qing Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep ProcessingZhejiang Province Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products ProcessingInstitute of SeafoodZhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Biological and Chemical Processing Technologies of Farm ProductSchool of Biological and Chemical EngineeringZhejiang University of Science and TechnologyHangzhouChina
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and SafetyBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory of Food Quality and SafetyBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingChina
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24
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Izcara S, Perestrelo R, Morante-Zarcero S, Câmara JS, Sierra I. High throughput analytical approach based on μQuEChERS combined with UHPLC-PDA for analysis of bioactive secondary metabolites in edible flowers. Food Chem 2022; 393:133371. [PMID: 35661599 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mallow blue (Malva sylvestris L.), hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L.) and nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.), are common edible flowers rich in bioactive secondary metabolites (BASMs) whose use in sophisticated gastronomy present currently as increasing trend. In this study the BASMs profile of these edible flowers was established using an emerging green extraction technique, μQuEChERS followed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detection system (UHPLC-PDA). After validation the μQuEChERS/UHPLC-PDA methodology allow to identify that apigenin and epigallocatechin gallate are the most abundant BASMs in mallow blue flowers, while catechin and dicaffeoylquinic acid are predominant in hibiscus flowers, and myricitrin and dicaffeoylquinic acid in nasturtium flowers. Total polyphenol content is the highest in the extract of hibiscus. Nasturtium shows the greatest radical scavenging activity. The results revealed that these flowers constitute a potential source of BASMs with different bioactive properties suggesting its use in design of new functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Izcara
- ESCET- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Rosa Perestrelo
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sonia Morante-Zarcero
- ESCET- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - José S Câmara
- CQM - Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Isabel Sierra
- ESCET- Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Departamento de Tecnología Química y Ambiental, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, C/Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain.
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25
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Wu L, Liu J, Huang W, Wang Y, Chen Q, Lu B. Exploration of Osmanthus fragrans Lour.'s composition, nutraceutical functions and applications. Food Chem 2022; 377:131853. [PMID: 34990948 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Lour. has been cultivated in China for over 2500 years. Due to the unique and strong fragrance, O. fragrans flowers have long been added into food, tea, and beverages. Not only the O. fragrans flowers, but also leaves, barks, roots, and fruits possess some beneficial effects such as relieving pain and alleviating cough in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Modern pharmacological researches demonstrated that O. fragrans possesses a broad spectrum of biological activities including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antidiabetic and anticancer activities etc. A large number of phytochemicals identified in O. fragrans are responsible for its health promoting and disease preventing effects. The components of volatile compounds in O. fragrans are complex but the content is less abundant. The present review mainly focuses on the bioactive ingredients identified from O. fragrans, the therapeutic effects of O. fragrans and its applications in food, cosmetics and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Junyi Liu
- Xianning Academy of Forestry Sciences, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Weisu Huang
- Zhejiang Institute of Economics and Trade, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yixuan Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Qi Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Fuli Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China.
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26
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Yu X, Zhang H, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Z, Li J. Phytochemical Compositions and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils Extracted from the Flowers of Paeonia delavayi Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Fluid. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27093000. [PMID: 35566350 PMCID: PMC9099896 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27093000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils were extracted from dark-purple, red and yellow petals of Paeonia delavayi using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide method. The compositions of essential oils were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antioxidant activity assays were carried out using DPPH, ABTS- and FRAP methods. Total polyphenols and total flavonoids were measured to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity in addition to the volatile compounds contained in the essential oils extracted from the flower petals of P. delavayi with the three flower colors. A total of 194 compounds were detected from essential oils of P. delavayi flowers, including 83 in dark-purple petals, 90 in red petals and 80 in yellow petals. These compounds mainly include alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, alkenes, alkanes, esters and polyphenols. The results showed that the volatile compounds accumulated differentially among the essential oils from the different colors of flower petals. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that essential oils derived from dark-purple and red petals were more closely clustered while the yellow petal essential oil was very different with both the purple-red and red. Antioxidant assays suggested that the radical scavenging activity and the iron reduction antioxidant activity in the essential oils were highly correlated with the flower petal colors. These results suggest P. delavayi flower petals are potentially good resources for high quality essential oils and natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yu
- Faculty of Landscape Architecture and Horticulture Sciences, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Huaibi Zhang
- New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag, Palmerston North 11600, New Zealand;
| | - Juan Wang
- Eco-Development Academy, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Junming Wang
- Faculty of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Zhenxing Wang
- Faculty of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China;
| | - Jinbo Li
- Dianxiangguose Agricultural Technology Company Limited of Yunnan Province, Kunming 652501, China;
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27
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Yang WH, Lu CZ. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties of 2 Taxa of Macadamia Flowers. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221096176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the differences in phenolic composition and antioxidant properties among 4 extracts (eg,70% acetone, 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, and water) of 2 taxa of Macadamia flowers (“Nanya No.2” and “HAES695” cultivars). The results showed that the phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of the extracts were taxa- and solvent-dependent. “Nanya No.2” flowers possessed remarkably more phenolics and flavonoids, with more robust antioxidant activities than “HAES695”. The 70% acetone extract exhibited the highest polyphenol levels and antioxidant capacities, indicating that 70% acetone would be the most efficient solvent for extracting phenolic antioxidants from macadamia flowers. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed rutin and catechin as the richest compounds in the extracts of both cultivars. Ferulic acid, catechin, phlorizin, quercetin, and kaempferol positively correlated with the antioxidant properties of the macadamia flowers. These results provide valuable information for utilizing macadamia flowers in antioxidant foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-hai Yang
- College of Life Science and Resources and Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
| | - Chao-zhong Lu
- South Subtropical Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang, China
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28
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Spray-Dried Microencapsulation of Oregano (Lippia graveolens) Polyphenols with Maltodextrin Enhances Their Stability during In Vitro Digestion. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/8740141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the release of microencapsulated phenolic compounds was evaluated through an optimized spray drying process. A stock extract of oregano phenolic compounds was developed and microencapsulated in a spray dryer following a central composite rotatable design, controlling the variables, inlet temperature (111.7-168.2°C), and percentage of wall material (5.8-34.1%). Optimum drying conditions for spray drying were decided based on different yield percentages (
%) and encapsulated phenolic compounds (EPC). The analyzed physical properties were morphology measured by electron microscopy and humidity; other properties evaluated were the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity determined by DPPH and ABTS assays, and phenolic profile by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). During the gastrointestinal simulation, a stability of 85% was determined in the intestinal stage. Microencapsulation technology by spray drying is an excellent selection to stabilize and protect bioactive compounds of oregano and promote its use as a functional ingredient.
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29
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Red Horse Chestnut and Horse Chestnut Flowers and Leaves: A Potential and Powerful Source of Polyphenols with High Antioxidant Capacity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27072279. [PMID: 35408675 PMCID: PMC9000377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aesculus flowers and leaves are an excellent source of bioactive compounds, including flavanols, phenolic acids, and anthocyanins, and the leaves also contain antioxidant carotenoids and chlorophylls. The aim of this study was to analyse and compare the amounts of bioactive compounds present in Aesculus hippocastanum and Aesculus × carnea flowers and leaves over two years. These two species from six independent locations (parks and green areas) located in Warsaw were assessed in this study. The dry matter by the scale method and polyphenol, carotenoid, and chlorophyll content by the HPLC method of the flowers and leaves was evaluated. Red horse chestnut flowers contained significantly more total carotenoids (40.6 µg/g FW) and chlorophylls (36.9 µg/g FW) than horse chestnut flowers, and red horse chestnut flowers contained higher levels of anthocyanins (5.41 µg/g FW) than other species. We observed that horse chestnut flowers were characterized by a higher total polyphenols concentration (9.45 µg/g FW) compared to red horse chestnut flowers. In addition, the analysis of leaves showed that all quality parameters were higher in red horse chestnut species. Five individual anthocyanins were identified in both species’ flowers, but a higher concentration was found in red horse chestnut flowers, and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside was the predominant form among a pool of total anthocyanins. In both experimental years, leaves (109.25 mMol/100 g FW and 112.0 mMol/100 g FW) were characterized by a higher antioxidant activity than flowers (27.0 mMol/100 g FW and 27.5 mMol/100 g FW).
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30
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Ornamental Flowers Grown in Human Surroundings as a Source of Anthocyanins with High Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Foods 2022; 11:foods11070948. [PMID: 35407035 PMCID: PMC8997809 DOI: 10.3390/foods11070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flowers have always accompanied people thanks to their manifold aesthetic properties. Some species have also become a component of the human diet. Recent years have seen an increased interest in edible flowers and, consequently, research has been undertaken to determine their chemical composition. Dyes that are abundantly contained in flowers, whose role is to attract pollinating animals, are recognized substances with health-promoting properties. Anthocyanins are a group of dyes that are very common in petals and other parts of flowers. Studies carried out in the twentieth and twenty-first century on flowers growing in temperate climates have found very strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of anthocyanins. Therefore, flowers used by humans for centuries to decorate their surroundings may become an easily available source of nutrients and health-promoting substances. This paper discusses the health-promoting properties of anthocyanins and collects literature on anthocyanin content in edible flowers commonly grown on balconies, terraces, and roofs in countries of temperate climate.
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31
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Gao Y, Li X, Liu X, Yang W, Li M, Li J, Li F. Aqueous extracts of tree peony petals: renin and angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities in different colours and flowering stages. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7735-7741. [PMID: 35424726 PMCID: PMC8982209 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00516f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is an ornamental and medicinal plant from China. Previous studies have detected novel blood pressure-regulating substances in this species, which potentiate its value of utilization. To explore these substances, the aqueous extracts of 7 different colours of tree peony petals were assessed for inhibitory activity on renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The results showed that the activity of dark-coloured samples was significantly stronger than that of light-coloured ones. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of the red tree peony petals ‘Hong TaiYang’ on renin and ACE indicated a downward trend from bud compaction to the full opening stage. The antioxidant activities of the aqueous extracts, on one side, and the correlations between phenolics and flavonoids functionalities and total contents, on the other, were also evaluated. In this regard, the extracts of different samples had ABTS free radical scavenging capacities of 17.28–210.41 mg TE per g DW, DPPH radical scavenging capacities of 35.45–150.78 mg TE per g DW, iron ion reduction capacities of 16.66–150.77 mg TE per g DW, and total phenolic content of 23.94–150.78 mg GAE per g DW. Correlation analysis revealed that the renin and ACE inhibitory activities, the DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacities, and the iron reduction ability of different sample extracts were positively correlated with total phenolic contents (p < 0.01). Finally, the aqueous phenolic compounds in the sample extracts tended to show strong renin and ACE inhibitory activities and therefore exhibit a potential auxiliary blood pressure control prospect. Tree peony petals with different colours and flowering stages were assessed for renin/ACE inhibition. Dark-coloured samples showed higher inhibition than light-coloured ones, and a downward inhibitory trend was found from bud to full opening stage.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
| | - Xixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
| | - Mengru Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
| | - Jiaying Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education No. 29 13th Avenue, Teda Tianjin 300457 PR China +86-22-60601457 +86-22-60912453
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32
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Barani YH, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS, Chang L. Preservation of Color and Nutrients in Anthocyanin‐rich Edible Flowers: Progress of New Extraction and Processing Techniques. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hlaine Barani
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
- Jiangsu Province International Joint Laboratory on Fresh Food Smart Processing and Quality Monitoring Jiangnan University 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Arun S. Mujumdar
- Department of Bioresource Engineering Macdonald College McGill University Ste. Anne de Bellevue Quebec Canada
| | - Lu Chang
- Shandong Huamei Biology Science & Technology Co Pingyin China
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33
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Zhu J, Zhang B, Tan CP, Ding L, Shao M, Chen C, Fu X, Huang Q. Effect of Rosa Roxburghii juice on starch digestibility: A focus on the binding of polyphenols to amylose and porcine pancreatic α-amylase by molecular modeling. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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34
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Alemán A, Marín-Peñalver D, de Palencia PF, Gómez-Guillén MDC, Montero P. Anti-Inflammatory Properties, Bioaccessibility and Intestinal Absorption of Sea Fennel ( Crithmum maritimum) Extract Encapsulated in Soy Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes. Nutrients 2022; 14:210. [PMID: 35011085 PMCID: PMC8747172 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) aqueous extract was prepared and loaded into soybean phosphatidylcholine liposomes. Both the free extract (FE), and the empty (L) and loaded (L-FE) liposomes were shown to be non-cytotoxic to THP-1 and Caco-2 cells. The anti-inflammatory effect was tested on THP-1 cells differentiated into macrophages. FE showed anti-inflammatory activity, revealed by the induced secretion of IL-10 cytokines in macrophages that were subsequently stimulated with LPS. Also, a decrease in TNF-α production by L was observed, evidencing that liposomes reduced the pro-inflammatory mediators' secretion. The liposomes (L) showed protective anti-inflammatory activity and also were able to downregulate the inflammation. Furthermore, L-FE were also found to downregulate the inflammation response, as they were able to decrease TNF-α secretion in macrophages previously exposed to LPS. The simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID) of FE diminished the chlorogenic acid content (the main polyphenolic compound of the extract) by 40%, while in L-FE, the amount of this phenolic compound increased with respect to the undigested liposomes. The amount of bioaccessible chlorogenic, however, was similar for FE and L-FE. The percentage of chlorogenic acid absorbed through a Caco-2 cell monolayer after 3 h of incubation, was significantly similar for the extract and the liposomes (~1.5%), without finding significant differences once the extract and liposomes were digested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailén Alemán
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-P.); (P.F.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.-G.)
| | | | | | | | - Pilar Montero
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (D.M.-P.); (P.F.d.P.); (M.d.C.G.-G.)
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Janarny G, Ranaweera KKDS, Gunathilake KDPP. Digestive recovery of polyphenols, antioxidant activity, and anti-inflammatory activity of selected edible flowers from the family Fabaceae. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14052. [PMID: 34978067 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Edible flowers are regaining popularity as therapeutic agents, due to their phytochemical composition. The present study assessed the recovery of phenolics along with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of seven edible flowers of the Fabaceae family after being subjected to simulated gastrointestinal conditions and dialysis. The total phenolic content of all the flowers decreased after the gastric phase, whereas the total flavonoid content increased. The total anthocyanin content of four flower species decreased after the intestinal phase of digestion. Cassia auriculata expressed the highest hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide scavenging activities in the dialyzed fraction. Bauhinia racemose had the highest activity in the inhibition of heat-induced hemolysis of red blood cells after dialysis (4.43 ± 01.5%). In general, the results suggest a reduction in the phenolic contents after gastrointestinal digestion and dialysis; however, phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins were sufficiently available to be absorbed with the dialysis to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The presence of various phenolic compounds in edible flowers has attracted the attention of consumers as well as the food industry, due to their potential to be incorporated in functional foods and drugs. However, the availability of phenolics after digestion is an important measure to get a realistic view of the health effects exerted upon the consumption of these edible flowers. The present study provides new information on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of selected edible flowers before and after in vitro digestion. This would be more useful for nutritionists, policymakers and consumers to effectively utilize edible flowers by understanding the changes undergone by the phenolic compounds upon digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesamoorthy Janarny
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Gangodawila, Sri Lanka
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Gao Y, Liu X, Yang W, Li X, Li M, Li F. Dual inhibition of the renin and angiotensin converting enzyme activities of aqueous extracts of 22 edible flower petals. RSC Adv 2022; 12:4191-4198. [PMID: 35425451 PMCID: PMC8981010 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08978a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to explore novel blood pressure-regulating substances and fulfill the high-value utilization of various edible flowers, the inhibitory activities of aqueous solutions of 22 edible flower petals extracts on renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were investigated. The results showed that almost all the aqueous sample extracts demonstrated an inhibition of renin and/or ACE. The Rosa rugosa Thunb. (IC50 = 25.13 and 60.00 μg mL−1) and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr. (IC50 = 50.54 and 292.47 μg mL−1) extracts showed prominent dual inhibitory activity against renin and ACE. The antioxidant activities and content of total phenols and flavonoids of the aqueous sample extracts were tested, because the oxidative damage of blood vessels is closely related to the occurrence and development of hypertension. The correlation between the contents of total phenolic substances and flavonoids, and the functional activities was analyzed. Renin and ACE inhibitory activities, DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging capacity, and iron reduction ability of different sample extracts were significantly positively correlated with the total phenolic content (p <0.01), whereby the correlation coefficients were 0.87, 0.83, 0.93, 0.95, and 0.93 respectively. It was indicated that the aqueous phenolic compounds in Rosa rugosa Thunb and Paeonia suffruticosa Andr extracts tended to show stronger renin and ACE inhibitory activities, and exhibited a potential prospect for auxiliary blood pressure control. In order to explore novel antihypertensive substances and fulfill high-value utilization of edible flowers, the inhibitory activities of aqueous extracts of 22 edible flower petals on renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) were investigated.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Xueting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Wenqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Xixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Mengru Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
| | - Fengjuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300457, PR China
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OZKAN K, BEKIROGLU H, BAYRAM Y, SAGDIC O, ERBAS S. In vitro bioaccessibility, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of three different safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.08921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sabri ERBAS
- Isparta University of Applied Sciences, Turkey
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Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers grown in Poland. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS CIBINIENSIS. SERIES E: FOOD TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/aucft-2021-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the selected edible flowers grown in Poland. A significant variation was observed in the both antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. Marigold flowers were characterized by the highest total phenolic content (89.22 mg GEA/g dry weight). In turn, begonia flowers exhibited the highest total flavonoids and phenolic acids content (21.96 mg QE/g dry weight, and 8.60 mg CAE/g dry weight, respectively). Taking into account the type of flowers, begonia and marigold flowers were the richest in phenolic acids. Caffeic and p-coumaric acids were the most frequent ones in the edible flowers grown in Poland. While gallic and p-coumaric acids were the prevalent ones in terms of their content. The begonia and marigold flowers contained quercetin and kaempferol, while hesperetin and naringenin were present in the chives flowers. The marigold flowers were characterized by a particularly high content of quercetin, and also exhibited the highest total antioxidant activity. The methanolic extracts of marigold and begonia flowers were characterized by the highest antioxidant activity, reducing activity, as well as the highest ability to neutralize free radicals.
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Triaux Z, Briard L, Petit O, Marchioni E, Julien-David D. Effect of simulated foregut digestion on the antioxidant capacity of plants naturally consumed by horses. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pires EDO, Di Gioia F, Rouphael Y, Ferreira ICFR, Caleja C, Barros L, Petropoulos SA. The Compositional Aspects of Edible Flowers as an Emerging Horticultural Product. Molecules 2021; 26:6940. [PMID: 34834031 PMCID: PMC8619536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible flowers are becoming very popular, as consumers are seeking healthier and more attractive food products that can improve their diet aesthetics and diversify their dietary sources of micronutrients. The great variety of flowers that can be eaten is also associated with high variability in chemical composition, especially in bioactive compounds content that may significantly contribute to human health. The advanced analytical techniques allowed us to reveal the chemical composition of edible flowers and identify new compounds and effects that were not known until recently. Considering the numerous species of edible flowers, the present review aims to categorize the various species depending on their chemical composition and also to present the main groups of compounds that are usually present in the species that are most commonly used for culinary purposes. Moreover, special attention is given to those species that contain potentially toxic or poisonous compounds as their integration in human diets should be carefully considered. In conclusion, the present review provides useful information regarding the chemical composition and the main groups of chemical compounds that are present in the flowers of the most common species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleomar de O. Pires
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Department of Plant Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Universita 100, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Isabel C. F. R. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Cristina Caleja
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Lillian Barros
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; (E.d.O.P.J.); (I.C.F.R.F.); (C.C.)
| | - Spyridon A. Petropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, N. Ionia, 38446 Volos, Greece
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Li C, Luo Y, Zhang W, Cai Q, Wu X, Tan Z, Chen R, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhang L. A comparative study on chemical compositions and biological activities of four essential oils: Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) Presl, Salvia japonica Thunb. and Rosa rugosa Thunb. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 280:114472. [PMID: 34332066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Essential oils (EOs) are important active ingredients in Chinese herbal medicine. Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Cinnamomum cassia (L.) Presl, Salvia japonica Thunb., and Rosa rugosa Thunb. are used in local and traditional medicine to treat inflammation-related diseases. While the constituents and bioactivities of EOs of the above four Chinese herbals have been reported previously, but their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities have not been systematically evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to research the chemical constituents, anti-inflammatory activities, and antioxidant activities of EOs of four Chinese herbal medicines. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fresh plant materials were collected both in August 2018. The compositions of EOs were determined by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. TPA (12-O-tetradecylphophenol-13-acetate)-induced mouse ear model was evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of EOs. The reduction of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and RelA protein of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) in the signal pathway (P65) were measured. The antioxidant activities of EOs from four plants were determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. RESULTS A total of 217 compounds were separated and identified from four EOs, mainly including trans-cinnamylaldehyde (68.75%), citronellal (38.16%), linalool (1.02-33.73%), geraniol (19.39%) and citronellol (17.18%). All four EOs reduced the damage of the ear tissue and had certain anti-inflammatory effects, and the EOs of C. citratus (CyCEOs) and S. japonica (SJEOs) had the best anti-inflammatory activities among others, even better than ibuprofen. The four EOs exhibited different DPPH radical-scavenging activities (IC50, 0.101-1.017%), where most of them were much lower than that of EOs of C. citratus (CiCEOs) (IC50, 0.101%) and EOs of R. rugosa (RREOs) (IC50, 0.142%). CONCLUSIONS The main components determine diverse propertise of these four EOs, our results suggested that four EOs presented anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect via reducing the expression of TNF-a, IL-6, COX-2, and NF-κB p65, which may provide a new approach for development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Li
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yijie Luo
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Weicheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qiuyang Cai
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xianyi Wu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zekai Tan
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zehao Chen
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shimin Wang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lanyue Zhang
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Wilczyńska A, Kukułowicz A, Lewandowska A. Preliminary assessment of microbial quality of edible flowers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Laib I, Kehal F, Arris M, Maameri MI, Lachlah H, Bensouici C, Mosbah R, Houasnia M, Barkat M. Effet de la digestion gastro-intestinale in vitro sur les composés phénoliques et l’activité antioxydante du thé vert Camellia sinensis L. issu de l’agriculture biologique. NUTR CLIN METAB 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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44
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Mlcek J, Plaskova A, Jurikova T, Sochor J, Baron M, Ercisli S. Chemical, Nutritional and Sensory Characteristics of Six Ornamental Edible Flowers Species. Foods 2021; 10:2053. [PMID: 34574164 PMCID: PMC8472405 DOI: 10.3390/foods10092053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ornamental edible flowers can be used as novel nutraceutical sources with valuable biological properties. The purpose of this study was to establish nutritional, chemical, and sensory characteristics, antioxidant capacity (AC), and the relationship between their bioactive components and AC. The selected flowers Begonia × tuberhybrida, Tropaeolum majus, Calendula officinalis, Rosa, Hemerocallis, and Tagetes patula, can be easily collected due to their larger size. Their methanolic extracts were spectrophotometrically determined for polyphenols, flavonoids, and AC. Mineral elements were analyzed by atomic-absorption spectroscopy; crude protein was quantified by the Kjeldahl method. Eventually, 30 panelists evaluated sensory properties in 11 attributes. In addition, this study may serve to popularize selected blossoms. In flowers the contents of minerals were in this order: K > Ca > P > Mg > Na > Zn > Mn > Fe > Cu > Mo. AC ranged between 4.11 and 7.94 g of ascorbic acid equivalents/kg of fresh mass. The correlation coefficients between AC-total phenolics and AC-total flavonoids were r = 0.73* and r = 0.58*, respectively. It is also possible to observe a strong correlation between mineral elements and bioactive compounds. Hemerocallis was rated as the best and most tasteful; additionally, it exhibited the highest AC, total phenolic and flavonoid contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Mlcek
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Plaskova
- Department of Food Analysis and Chemistry, Faculty of Technology, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Vavreckova 275, 760 01 Zlin, Czech Republic
| | - Tunde Jurikova
- Institute for Teacher Training, Faculty of Central European Studies, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Dražovská 4, 949 74 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Jiri Sochor
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmir Baron
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno, Valtická 337, 691 44 Lednice, Czech Republic
| | - Sezai Ercisli
- Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey
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45
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Wongsa P, Rattanapanone N. 1 H-NMR analysis, antioxidant activity, and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory potential of ten common Thai edible flowers. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:4380-4389. [PMID: 33421135 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Edible flowers have been used in cooking as foods as well as medicine alternatives. The objectives were to identify a major class of organic compounds in edible flowers by applying proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1 H-NMR) metabolite fingerprinting and to evaluate bioactivity including antioxidant and α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. RESULTS A total of 32 metabolites including five organic acids, eight sugars, 11 amino acids and eight phenolic compounds were identified by using 1 H-NMR at 600 MHz. The aromatic proton of phenolic compounds was observed at the low-field region ranged between δ 5.5 ppm and 10.0 ppm. Total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts of edible flowers ranged from 6.0 mg GAE g-1 dry weight (DW) to 47.97 mg GAE g-1 DW. Antioxidant activity varied from 140.5 mmol L-1 TE g-1 DW to 985.2 mmol L-1 TE g-1 DW. The extracts from edible flowers showed dose-dependent inhibition against enzyme. The extract of African marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) had the highest half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) against α-amylase at 0.13 mg mL-1 while the extract of flower of Sesban agasta (Sesbania grandiflora Desv.) had the lowest IC50 against α-amylase at 0.63 mg mL-1 . Moderate correlation was found between IC50 values against α-glucosidase and antioxidant activity values (R2 = 0.66) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION 1 H-NMR application provided metabolomic fingerprinting of edible flowers and the in vitro inhibitory potential activity against key enzymes related to diabetes indicated that specific edible flowers have a potential use for dietary management during the early stages of hyperglycaemia. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prinya Wongsa
- Food Science and Technology Programme, School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand
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46
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Bhadresha KP, Jain NK, Rawal RM. Assessing the Protective Effect of Moringa oleifera Extract against Bone Metastasis: An In Vitro Simulated Digestion Approach. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1023-1036. [PMID: 34170200 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1933099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera possesses numerous advantageous effects like anti-microbial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory, leaves contain a high multiplicity of the bioactive compound; however, little is identified about its bioaccessibility. The objective of this study was to assess the bioefficacy, bioaccessible and anticancer activity of Moringa oleifera in a PC3 cell line before and after simulated in vitro digestion. Digested and non-digested extracts were prepared and evaluated for total polyphenols, flavonoids, and total antioxidant capacity by spectrophotometric analysis and LCMS analysis. Cell viability, apoptosis, colony formation, cell cycle, Glutathione level, and gene expression study were tested with Moringa oleifera (MO) and digested Moringa oleifera (DMO). Results revealed that total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and TAC were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced after in vitro digestion. Furthermore, biological activity against the PC3 cell line showed that DMO extracts significant cytotoxic and reduced cell vitality compared to the MO. In addition, DMO extract had a noteworthy effect in apoptosis and inhibiting the colony formation ability; while cell cycle was blocked in S phase by both extracts but significant effect showed in DMO. These studies have increased understanding of the influence of in vitro simulation digestion on the biological activity effect of M. oleifera against prostate cancer bone metastasis.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1933099 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal P Bhadresha
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Nayan K Jain
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Rakesh M Rawal
- Department of Life Science, School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
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Kumari P, Ujala, Bhargava B. Phytochemicals from edible flowers: Opening a new arena for healthy lifestyle. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Shi Y, Xia H, Cheng X, Zhang L. Genome-wide miRNA analysis and integrated network for flavonoid biosynthesis in Osmanthus fragrans. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:141. [PMID: 33639855 PMCID: PMC7913170 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osmanthus fragrans is an important economical plant containing multiple secondary metabolites including flavonoids and anthocyanins. During the past years, the roles of miRNAs in regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in plants have been widely investigated. However, few studies on miRNA expression profiles and the potential roles in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis have been reported in O. fragrans. Results In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the expression profiles of miRNAs in leaf and flower tissues of O. fragrans. As a result, 106 conserved miRNAs distributed in 47 families and 88 novel miRNAs were identified. Further analysis showed there were 133 miRNAs differentially expressed in leaves and flowers. Additionally, the potential target genes of miRNAs as well as the related metabolic pathways were predicted. In the end, flavonoid content was measured in flower and leaf tissues and potential role of miR858 in regulating flavonoid synthesis was illustrated in O. fragrans. Conclusions This study not only provided the genome-wide miRNA profiles in the flower and leaf tissue of O. fragrans, but also investigated the potential regulatory role of miR858a in flavonoid synthesis in O. fragrans. The results specifically indicated the connection of miRNAs to the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in non-model economical plant. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-021-07439-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Shi
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Xia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Xiaoting Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.,Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Libin Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China. .,Department of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Hubei Bioinformatics & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Benvenuti S, Mazzoncini M. The Biodiversity of Edible Flowers: Discovering New Tastes and New Health Benefits. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:569499. [PMID: 33692813 PMCID: PMC7937964 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.569499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Floriculture and horticulture have always been two parallel and very distinct agronomic realities. Floriculture is concerned with meeting the ornamental needs of our urban ecosystems, while horticulture is based on meeting food requirements. These two activities have now converged toward a food chain where flowers are conceived of as a sort of "new vegetable" and one of the most promising novelties to satisfy the growing need for food innovation both in terms of an organoleptic and nutraceutical profile. This novelty has rapidly evolved, especially following the growing scientific evidence of the human health benefits of flowers used as food. The typically high pigment concentration of the corollas (especially flavonoids and carotenoids), which have evolved to chromatically attract pollinators, indicates a marked nutraceutical activity especially in terms of antioxidant power. In this review, we first attempted to explore which species are most promising and which should be avoided due to real or suspected toxicity problems. The nutraceutical virtues were therefore highlighted trying to focus attention on those "functional phytochemicals" capable of counteracting some specific human pathologies. Furthermore, the organoleptic profile of edible flowers was investigated since this is one of the least known aspects. The cropping systems suitable for their cultivation were therefore hypothesized and finally the criticalities of edible flowers were addressed in terms of shelf life and marketing opportunities.
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Zou W, Gong L, Zhou F, Long Y, Li Z, Xiao Z, Ouyang B, Liu M. Anti-inflammatory effect of traditional Chinese medicine preparation Penyanling on pelvic inflammatory disease. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113405. [PMID: 32979412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Penyanling is made up of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma (SG, from Smilar glabra Roxb.), Angelicae Sinensis Radix (AS, from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels), Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (SM, from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge), Sargentodoxae Caulis (SC, from Sargentodoxa cuneata (Oliv.) Rehd.et Wils.), Linderae Radix (LR, from Lindera aggregata (Sims) Kosterm.), Paeoniae Radix Rubra (PR, from Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), Sparganii Rhizoma (SR, from Sparganium stoloniferum (Graebn.) Buch.-Ham.), Corydalis Rhizoma (CoR, from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang), Cyperi Rhizoma (CyR, from Cyperus rotundus Linn.), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GR, from Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.), and Patrinia Scabiosaefolia (PS, from Patrinia scabiosaefolia Fisch. ex Trev.) recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. It has been used on pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) for more than twenty years. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was carried out to illustrate its pharmacological action and clarify its substantial composition. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-inflammatory effects of Penyanling were studied on a PID rat model and a lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line. Histological changes and levels of inflammatory factors in the uterine tube of the PID rat were examined. Levels of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in the nuclear of THP-1 cells and NF-κB, IκB-α, and FPR2 in the cytoplasm were tested by Western blot analysis. Substances within Penyanling were scanned with liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS). The contents of total flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins were quantified. RESULTS The anti-inflammatory effects of Penyanling were observed on PID rats, such as suppressing the infiltrations of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the uterine tube, decreasing the release of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and promoting the production of lipoxin A4 (LXA4). On the other hand, Penyanling regulated the activity of NF-κB signal pathway on the LPS-stimulated THP-1 cell line, which suggested the potential mechanism of its anti-inflammatory effect. Besides, it could promote the expression of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), which suggested its effect on enhancing the resolution of inflammation. Seventy-six substances were identified by their accurate molecular weights, mass fragment patterns, retention times, and standards if available. Most of these substances were flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and alkaloids. The contents of total flavonoids, phenolics, and saponins within Penyanling were 0.186, 1.371, and 4.321 mg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSION Penyanling showed an anti-inflammatory effect on PID, and its potential mechanism involved suppressing NF-κB signal pathway and promoting the resolution of inflammation. The main substances within it were flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Linna Gong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- School of Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China
| | - Yao Long
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Zhen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Zuoqi Xiao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Bo Ouyang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, 410008, PR China
| | - Menghua Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, PR China.
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