1
|
Trivedi R, Upadhyay TK. Preparation, characterization and antioxidant and anticancerous potential of Quercetin loaded β-glucan particles derived from mushroom and yeast. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16047. [PMID: 38992105 PMCID: PMC11239821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66824-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
β-glucans are polysaccharides found in the cell walls of various fungi, bacteria and cereals. β-glucan have been found to show various kinds of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic antioxidant and anticancerous activities. In the present study, we have isolated β-glucan from the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and white button mushroom Agaricus bisporus and tested their antioxidant potential and anticancerous activity against prostate cancer cell line PC3. Particles were characterized with zeta sizer and further with FTIR that confirmed that the isolated particles are β-glucan and alginate sealing made slow and sustained release of the Quercetin from the β-glucan particles. Morphological analysis of the hollow and Quercetin loaded β-glucan was performed with the SEM analysis and stability was analyzed with TGA and DSC analysis that showed the higher stability of the alginate sealed particles. Assessments of the antioxidant potential showed that Quercetin loaded particles were having higher antioxidant activity than hollow β-glucan particles. Cell viability of the PC3 cells was examined with MTT assay and it was found that Quercetin loaded alginate sealed Agaricus bisporus derived β-glucan particles were having lowest IC50. Further ROS generation was found to increase in a dose dependent manner. Apoptosis detection was carried out with Propidium iodide and AO/EtBr staining dye which showed significant death in the cells treated with higher concentration of the particles. Study showed that particles derived from both of the sources were having efficient anticancer activity and showing a dose dependent increase in cell death in PC3 cells upon treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Trivedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Tarun Kumar Upadhyay
- Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences and Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lindequist U. Medicinal Mushrooms as Multicomponent Mixtures-Demonstrated with the Example of Lentinula edodes. J Fungi (Basel) 2024; 10:153. [PMID: 38392825 PMCID: PMC10890338 DOI: 10.3390/jof10020153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushrooms are multicomponent mixtures (MOCSs). They consist of a large number of individual compounds, each with different chemical structures, functions, and possible pharmacological activities. In contrast to the activity of an isolated pure substance, the effects of the individual substances in a mushroom or its extracts can influence each other; they can strengthen, weaken, or complement each other. This results in both advantages and disadvantages for the use of either a pure substance or a multicomponent mixture. The review describes the differences and challenges in the preparation, characterization, and application of complex mixtures compared to pure substances, both obtained from the same species. As an example, we use the medicinal and culinary mushroom Lentinula edodes, shiitake, and some of its isolated compounds, mainly lentinan and eritadenine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Greifswald, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
See Toh CJY, Bi X, Lee HW, Yeo MTY, Henry CJ. Is mushroom polysaccharide extract a better fat replacer than dried mushroom powder for food applications? Front Nutr 2023; 10:1111955. [PMID: 36819704 PMCID: PMC9935597 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1111955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction β-glucans found in the cell walls of mushrooms can be a beneficial food additive in replacing fat in commercial food products. Methods Four commonly consumed mushroom species in Singapore, i.e., Pleurotus ostreatus spp., Lentinus edodes, Agaricus bisporus, and Flammulina velutipes were profiled for the β-glucan content in the lyophilized form and ultrasonicated assisted extracted form. Both forms were added into chicken patties, which were characterized for the moisture, cooking loss, texture, color, and chemically analyzed for the protein, crude fat, and fatty acid profiles with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results and discussion Pleurotus Ostreatus spp. had the highest β-glucan of 29.8 ± 0.7 g/100 g in the pure powder form and 15.9 ± 0.3 g/100 g from the extract. Crude fat in 100% fat substituted patties was lowest in Flammulina velutipes extract enriched patties and least in A. bisporus pure powder patties. Additionally, fat replacement with A. bisporus extract and powder forms resulted in the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of 49.6 ± 1.9 mg/100 g patty and 79.9 ± 4.5 mg/100 g patty, respectively. Chicken patties with added mushroom extract were notable in retaining moisture, cooking yield and its structure. Fat substitution with mushroom powder was also conducted, satisfactory results indicated a possibility as a better fat replacer that is easily processed and an efficient alternative to β-glucan extract. With increasing demand for low fat foods with acceptable organoleptic properties, our study demonstrates that the inclusion of dry mushroom powder has the ability to mimic the "fattiness" of chicken patties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Jie Yi See Toh
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui Wen Lee
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle Ting Yun Yeo
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore,*Correspondence: Christiani Jeyakumar Henry,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abbasi A, Rahbar Saadat T, Rahbar Saadat Y. Microbial exopolysaccharides-β-glucans-as promising postbiotic candidates in vaccine adjuvants. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 223:346-361. [PMID: 36347372 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The urgent task of creating new, enhanced adjuvants is closely related to our comprehension of their mechanisms of action. A few adjuvants have shown sufficient efficacy and low toxicity to be allowed for use in human vaccines, despite the fact that they have a long history and an important function. Adjuvants have long been used without a clear understanding of how precisely they augment the immune response. The rational production of stronger and safer adjuvants has been impeded by this lack of information, which necessitates more mechanistic research to support the development of vaccines. Carbohydrate structures-polygalactans, fructans, β-D-glucans, α-D-glucans, D-galactose, and D-glucose-are desirable candidates for the creation of vaccine adjuvants and immunomodulators because they serve important functions in nature and are often biocompatible, safe, and well tolerated. In this review, we have discussed recent advances in microbial-derived carbohydrate-based adjuvants, their immunostimulatory activity, and the implications of this for vaccine development, along with the critical view on the microbial sources, chemical composition, and biosynthetic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abbasi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Yalda Rahbar Saadat
- Kidney Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Production of Enriched Sporidiobolus sp. Yeast Biomass Cultivated on Mixed Coffee Hydrolyzate and Fat/Oil Waste Materials. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091848. [PMID: 34576745 PMCID: PMC8472217 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most addressed topics today is the transfer from a linear model of economics to a model of circular economics. It is a discipline that seeks to eliminate waste produced by various industries. The food industry generates huge amounts of waste worldwide, particularly the coffee industry, and related industries produce millions of tons of waste a year. These wastes have potential utility in biotechnology, and in the production of energy, fuels, fertilizers and nutrients, using green techniques such as anaerobic digestion, co-digestion, composting, enzymatic action, and ultrasonic and hydrothermal carbonization. This work is focused on the biotechnological use of processed spent coffee grounds (SCG) and waste fat/oil materials by some Sporidiobolus sp. carotenogenic yeasts in the model of circular economics. The results show that selected yeast strains are able to grow on SCG hydrolysate and are resistant to antimicrobial compounds present in media. The most productive strain Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was chosen for bioreactor cultivation in media with a mixture of coffee lignocellulose fraction and some fat wastes. Sporidiobolus pararoseus CCY19-9-6 was able to produce more than 22 g/L of biomass in mixture of SCG hydrolysate and both coffee oil and frying oil. The combined waste substrates induced the production of lipidic metabolites, whereby the production of carotenoids exceeded 5 mg/g of dry biomass. On media with coffee oil, this strain produced high amounts of ubiquinone (8.265 ± 1.648 mg/g) and ergosterol (13.485 ± 1.275 mg/g). Overall, the results prove that a combination of waste substrates is a promising option for the production of carotenoid- and lipid-enriched yeast biomass.
Collapse
|
6
|
Byrtusová D, Szotkowski M, Kurowska K, Shapaval V, Márová I. Rhodotorula kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26-The Source of Multifunctional Metabolites. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1280. [PMID: 34208382 PMCID: PMC8231246 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional biomass is able to provide more than one valuable product, and thus, it is attractive in the field of microbial biotechnology due to its economic feasibility. Carotenogenic yeasts are effective microbial factories for the biosynthesis of a broad spectrum of biomolecules that can be used in the food and feed industry and the pharmaceutical industry, as well as a source of biofuels. In the study, we examined the effect of different nitrogen sources, carbon sources and CN ratios on the co-production of intracellular lipids, carotenoids, β-glucans and extracellular glycolipids. Yeast strain R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 was identified as the best co-producer of lipids (66.7 ± 1.5% of DCW), exoglycolipids (2.42 ± 0.08 g/L), β-glucan (11.33 ± 1.34% of DCW) and carotenoids (1.35 ± 0.11 mg/g), with a biomass content of 15.2 ± 0.8 g/L, by using the synthetic medium with potassium nitrate and mannose as a carbon source. It was shown that an increased C/N ratio positively affected the biomass yield and production of lipids and β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dana Byrtusová
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (D.B.); (V.S.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Martin Szotkowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Klára Kurowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Volha Shapaval
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1432 Ås, Norway; (D.B.); (V.S.)
| | - Ivana Márová
- Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (M.S.); (K.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Szotkowski M, Holub J, Šimanský S, Hubačová K, Sikorová P, Mariničová V, Němcová A, Márová I. Bioreactor Co-Cultivation of High Lipid and Carotenoid Producing Yeast Rhodotorula kratochvilovae and Several Microalgae under Stress. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9061160. [PMID: 34071194 PMCID: PMC8228999 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-cultivation of red yeasts and microalgae works with the idea of the natural transport of gases. The microalgae produce oxygen, which stimulates yeast growth, while CO2 produced by yeast is beneficial for algae growth. Both microorganisms can then produce lipids. The present pilot study aimed to evaluate the ability of selected microalgae and carotenogenic yeast strains to grow and metabolize in co-culture. The effect of media composition on growth and metabolic activity of red yeast strains was assessed simultaneously with microalgae mixotrophy. Cultivation was transferred from small-scale co-cultivation in Erlenmeyer flasks to aerated bottles with different inoculation ratios and, finally, to a 3L bioreactor. Among red yeasts, the strain R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 was selected because of the highest biomass production on BBM medium. Glycerol is a more suitable carbon source in the BBM medium and urea was proposed as a compromise. From the tested microalgae, Desmodesmus sp. were found as the most suitable for co-cultivations with R. kratochvilovae. In all co-cultures, linear biomass growth was found (144 h), and the yield was in the range of 8.78–11.12 g/L of dry biomass. Lipids increased to a final value of 29.62–31.61%. The FA profile was quite stable with the UFA portion at about 80%. Around 1.98–2.49 mg/g CDW of carotenoids with torularhodine as the major pigment were produced, ubiquinone production reached 5.41–6.09 mg/g, and ergosterol yield was 6.69 mg/g. Chlorophyll production was very low at 2.11 mg/g. Pilot experiments have confirmed that carotenogenic yeasts and microalgae are capable of symbiotic co-existence with a positive impact om biomass growth and lipid metabolites yields.
Collapse
|
8
|
Makhamrueang N, Sirilun S, Sirithunyalug J, Chaiyana W, Wangcharoen W, Peerajan S, Chaiyasut C. Effect of Pretreatment Processes on Biogenic Amines Content and Some Bioactive Compounds in Hericium erinaceus Extract. Foods 2021; 10:996. [PMID: 34063215 PMCID: PMC8147423 DOI: 10.3390/foods10050996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hericium erinaceus is reported as a source of several nutritional contents and bioactive compounds, especially β-glucan. However, various uncontrolled processes lead to the formation of byproducts that can affect human health, including biogenic amines. These amines are concerning, because their presence is an important indicator of the process of hygiene and food spoilage or quality. A better understanding of various pretreatment processes can control the content of biogenic amines. In this work, we studied the effect of pretreatment processes, i.e., sample size (whole, ripping, and chopping); heating process (non-heating, blanching, and boiling); and drying method (nondrying, hot air drying, and freeze-drying) on biogenic amine contents in H. erinaceus extract. A method of the post-column high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was used for the analysis of putrescine (PUT) and spermidine (SPD) in H. erinaceus extract following the acceptable guidelines. In this study, treatment 20 (chopping/non-heating/hot air drying) was suggested as a good choice for the pretreatment process, because low levels of PUT and SPD were shown in the extract while high levels of the bioactive compounds β-glucan and antioxidant activity were presented. This treatment process can be applied to the industry because of its easy operation and cost-saving.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Netnapa Makhamrueang
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Sasithorn Sirilun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Jakkapan Sirithunyalug
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Wantida Chaiyana
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.M.); (W.C.)
| | - Wiwat Wangcharoen
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand;
| | | | - Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
- Innovation Center for Holistic Health, Nutraceuticals, and Cosmeceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (N.M.); (W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Masuelli L, Benvenuto M, Focaccetti C, Ciuffa S, Fazi S, Bei A, Miele MT, Piredda L, Manzari V, Modesti A, Bei R. Targeting the tumor immune microenvironment with "nutraceuticals": From bench to clinical trials. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 219:107700. [PMID: 33045254 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of immune effector cells in the tissue microenvironment during neoplastic progression is critical in determining tumor growth outcomes. On the other hand, tumors may also avoid immune system-mediated elimination by recruiting immunosuppressive leukocytes and soluble factors, which coordinate a tumor microenvironment that counteracts the efficiency of the antitumor immune response. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy results have indicated a way forward via activation of the immune system against cancer. Widespread evidence has shown that different compounds in foods, when administered as purified substances, can act as immunomodulators in humans and animals. Although there is no universally accepted definition of nutraceuticals, the term identifies a wide category of natural compounds that may impact health and disease statuses and includes purified substances from natural sources, plant extracts, dietary supplements, vitamins, phytonutrients, and various products with combinations of functional ingredients. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the immunomodulatory effects of nutraceuticals with a special focus on the cancer microenvironment, highlighting the conceptual benefits or drawbacks and subtle cell-specific effects of nutraceuticals for envisioning future therapies employing nutraceuticals as chemoadjuvants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, via di Sant'Alessandro 8, 00131 Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Focaccetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Human Science and Promotion of the Quality of Life, San Raffaele University Rome, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ciuffa
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Fazi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Bei
- Medical School, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Martino Tony Miele
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorio Manzari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; CIMER, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evaluation of Polish wild Mushrooms as Beta-Glucan Sources. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197299. [PMID: 33036263 PMCID: PMC7579588 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mushroom beta-glucans show immunomodulatory, anticancer and antioxidant features. Numerous papers have been published in the last years on fungal polysaccharides, especially beta-glucans, demonstrating their various biological activities. However substantial data about beta-glucan contents in many mushroom species, especially wild mushrooms, are still missing. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to evaluate β-glucans in 18 species of wild mushrooms and three species of commercial mushrooms for comparison purposes. The contents of β-glucans were determined by the Megazyme method and with the Congo red method, which differ in analytical procedure. Among wild mushrooms, the highest mean β-glucan content assessed with the Megazyme method was found in Tricholoma portentosum (34.97 g/100 g DM), whereas with the Congo red method in Lactarius deliciosus (17.11 g/100 g DM) and Suillus grevillei (16.97 g/100 g DM). The β-glucans in wild mushrooms assessed with the Megazyme method were comparable to commercial mushrooms, whereas β-glucans assessed with the Congo red method were generally higher in wild mushrooms, especially in Russula vinosa, L. deliciosus and S. grevillei. This study indicates wild mushrooms as interesting material for β-glucan extraction for food industry and medicinal purposes.
Collapse
|
11
|
Revealing the Potential of Lipid and β-Glucans Coproduction in Basidiomycetes Yeast. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8071034. [PMID: 32668638 PMCID: PMC7409317 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta (β)-glucans are polysaccharides composed of D-glucose monomers. Nowadays, β-glucans are gaining attention due to their attractive immunomodulatory biological activities, which can be utilized in pharmaceutical or food supplementation industries. Some carotenogenic Basidiomycetes yeasts, previously explored for lipid and carotenoid coproduction, could potentially coproduce a significant amount of β-glucans. In the present study, we screened eleven Basidiomycetes for the coproduction of lipids and β-glucans. We examined the effect of four different C/N ratios and eight different osmolarity conditions on the coproduction of lipids and β-glucans. A high-throughput screening approach employing microcultivation in microtiter plates, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and reference analysis was utilized in the study. Yeast strains C. infirmominiatum CCY 17-18-4 and R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 were identified as the best coproducers of lipids and β-glucans. In addition, C. infirmominiatum CCY 17-18-4, R. kratochvilovae CCY 20-2-26 and P. rhodozyma CCY 77-1-1 were identified as the best alternative producers of β-glucans. Increased C/N ratio led to increased biomass, lipid and β-glucans production for several yeast strains. Increased osmolarity had a negative effect on biomass and lipid production while the β-glucan production was positively affected.
Collapse
|
12
|
Muszyńska B, Kała K, Włodarczyk A, Krakowska A, Ostachowicz B, Gdula-Argasińska J, Suchocki P. Lentinula edodes as a Source of Bioelements Released into Artificial Digestive Juices and Potential Anti-inflammatory Material. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:603-613. [PMID: 31256391 PMCID: PMC7015957 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01782-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Lentinula edodes (shiitake), an edible and medicinal mushroom, was chosen for this study with the aim of evaluating the possibility of release of bioelements into artificial digestive juices and analyzing the anti-inflammatory properties. The extracts were prepared from fruiting bodies and biomass enriched with copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se). The content of bioelements was analyzed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence method. Relatively low content of elements was observed in the fruiting bodies: Cu-1.6, Zn-7.6, and Se-0.12 mg/100 g d.w. compared to mycelial cultures. The anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated in RAW 264.7 cells. Based on the levels of cyclooxygenase 2 protein, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ determined using Western blot technique, it was found that the addition of bioelements enhanced the anti-inflammatory properties of mycelium. This indicates that L. edodes cultured on a suitable medium may be used as a potential component of anti-inflammatory products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kała
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Włodarczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Gdula-Argasińska
- Department of Radioligands, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Piotr Suchocki
- Department of Bioanalysis and Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097, Warszawa, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahfuz S, Long S, Piao X. Role of medicinal mushroom on growth performance and physiological responses in broiler chicken. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1729670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S.U. Mahfuz
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - S.F. Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - X.S. Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gründemann C, Reinhardt JK, Lindequist U. European medicinal mushrooms: Do they have potential for modern medicine? - An update. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 66:153131. [PMID: 31790898 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of mushrooms for health purposes has a long tradition and is very common in Asian countries. This trend is also becoming increasingly popular in the western hemisphere. However, mushrooms from European tradition are being treated in a restrained manner despite having significant potential as drugs or as sources of pure bioactive substances. AIM The present review provides an overview of the most important mushrooms used in European ethnomedical traditions and explores their pharmacological potential and the challenges for the development of new drugs from these sources of natural products. METHOD Mushroom species were selected based on information in old herbal books and dispensaries, uninterrupted use and scientific literature in the PubMed database up to June 2019. RESULTS Traditional experiences and modern studies have demonstrated that medical mushrooms used in European traditions have promising distinct pharmacological potential mediated through defined mechanisms (anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial). However, the number of modern chemical, biological and pharmacological studies remains relatively small, and some mushroom species have not been studied at all. Unfortunately, no valid clinical studies can be found. Unlike the case with herbal and fungal drugs from traditional Chinese medicine, we are far from comprehensively exploring this potential. CONCLUSIONS Mushrooms from traditional European medicine have the potential to be used in modern medicine. Considerable research, interdisciplinary collaboration, involvement of the pharmaceutical industry, time and money are necessary to explore this potential not only in the form of dietary supplements but also in the form of approved drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115B, 79111 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Jakob K Reinhardt
- Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-l.-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Irshad A, Sarwar N, Sadia H, Malik K, Javed I, Irshad A, Afzal M, Abbas M, Rizvi H. Comprehensive facts on dynamic antimicrobial properties of polysaccharides and biomolecules-silver nanoparticle conjugate. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 145:189-196. [PMID: 31838065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Based on progress for the green synthesis of nanoparticle (NPs), the mushrooms have also been utilized extensively for the biogenic synthesis of NPs. In recent years, silver NPs have been fabricated using mushrooms. The antimicrobial drugs are efficient to control the infectious diseases, but due to widespread of drugs, microbes became resistant to drugs, which demands develop of new bioactive agents. The silver NPs have been recognized as efficient broad spectrum antimicrobial agents, which have been fabricated using polysaccharides from mushrooms as reducing and capping agent. This review focused on the comprehensive study that deals silver NPs polysaccharides from Pleurotus mushroom, their synthesis mechanism, action mechanism of silver NPs and their characterization using advanced techniques i.e., ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), dynamic light scattering, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and XRD. The Pleurotus mushroom showed promising efficiency for the biogenic synthesis of polysaccharides‑silver NPS and as-prepared NPs showed excellent antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asma Irshad
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Nadeem Sarwar
- Department of Computer Science, Bahria University (Lahore Campus), Pakistan
| | - Haleema Sadia
- Department of Biotechnology, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Kausar Malik
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irum Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Irshad
- Department of General Surgery, Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhung Campus), Pakistan
| | - Hina Rizvi
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Study of Metabolic Adaptation of Red Yeasts to Waste Animal Fat Substrate. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110578. [PMID: 31752339 PMCID: PMC6920810 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenogenic yeasts are non-conventional oleaginous microorganisms capable of utilizing various waste substrates. In this work, four red yeast strains (Rhodotorula, Cystofilobasidium, and Sporobolomyces sp.) were cultivated in media containing crude, emulsified, and enzymatically hydrolyzed animal waste fat, compared with glucose and glycerol, as single C-sources. Cell morphology (cryo-SEM (cryo-scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy)), production of biomass, lipase, biosurfactants, lipids (gas chromatography/flame ionization detection, GC/FID) carotenoids, ubiquinone, and ergosterol (high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC/PDA) in yeast cells was studied depending on the medium composition, the C source, and the carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratio. All studied strains are able to utilize solid and processed fat. Biomass production at C/N = 13 was higher on emulsified/hydrolyzed fat than on glucose/glycerol. The production of lipids and lipidic metabolites was enhanced for several times on fat; the highest yields of carotenoids (24.8 mg/L) and lipids (54.5%/CDW (cell dry weight)) were found in S. pararoseus. Simultaneous induction of lipase and biosurfactants was observed on crude fat substrate. An increased C/N ratio (13-100) led to higher biomass production in fat media. The production of total lipids increased in all strains to C/N = 50. Oppositely, the production of carotenoids, ubiquinone, and ergosterol dramatically decreased with increased C/N in all strains. Compounds accumulated in stressed red yeasts have a great application potential and can be produced efficiently during the valorization of animal waste fat under the biorefinery concept.
Collapse
|
17
|
Morales D, Smiderle FR, Villalva M, Abreu H, Rico C, Santoyo S, Iacomini M, Soler-Rivas C. Testing the effect of combining innovative extraction technologies on the biological activities of obtained β-glucan-enriched fractions from Lentinula edodes. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
18
|
Irshad A, Sarwar N, Sadia H, Riaz M, Sharif S, Shahid M, Khan JA. Silver nano-particles: synthesis and characterization by using glucans extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-019-01103-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
19
|
Zhang Y, Zheng Z, Yang X, Pan X, Yin L, Huang X, Li Q, Shu Y, Zhang Q, Wang K. A sensitive and rapid radiolabelling method for the in vivo pharmacokinetic study of lentinan. Food Funct 2018; 9:3114-3125. [PMID: 29876541 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00272j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to establish a rapid and sensitive method for detecting lentinan (LNT) in biosamples and to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of LNT in mice and rats. A diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) derivative of LNT (DTPA-LNT) was synthesized first to allow labelling with 99m-technetium (99mTc). After purification and identification, 99mTc-DTPA-LNT was intravenously administered to mice (2 mg kg-1) and rats at different doses (0.5, 2 and 8 mg kg-1). The results showed that the 99mTc-labelling method was suitable for the quantification of the LNT concentration in biological samples, with satisfactory linearity (r2 > 0.998), precision (<7%), accuracy (95.01-104.51%) and total recovery (∼90%). The blood concentration-time profiles of 99mTc-DTPA-LNT were consistent with the two-compartment model and showed a rapid distribution phase and a slow elimination, and no significant difference in the blood level of LNT was found among the tested doses (0.5, 2 and 8 mg kg-1). LNT was predominantly incorporated into the liver and spleen, and there was a small amount of aggregation in the bile, kidneys, lungs and stomach. Approximately 40% of the administered radioactivity was detected in urine and faeces within 24 h post-dosing. In addition, SPECT imaging of 99mTc-DTPA-LNT was performed to visually reveal the pharmacokinetic characteristics of LNT. These findings provide a reference for further study and for use of LNT and other β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jin Y, Li P, Wang F. β-glucans as potential immunoadjuvants: A review on the adjuvanticity, structure-activity relationship and receptor recognition properties. Vaccine 2018; 36:5235-5244. [PMID: 30049632 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
β-glucans, a group of polysaccharides exist in many organism species such as mushrooms, yeasts, oats, barley, seaweed, but not mammalians, have a variety of biological activities and applications in drugs and other healthcare products. In recent years, β-glucans have been studied as adjuvants in anti-infection vaccines as well as immunomodulators in anti-cancer immunotherapy. β-glucans can regulate immune responses when administered alone and can connect innate and adaptive immunity to improve immunogenicity of vaccines. When β-glucans act as immunostimulants or adjuvants, a set of receptors have been revealed to recognize β-glucans, including dectin-1, complement receptor 3 (CR3), CD5, lactosylceramide, and so on. Therefore, this review is mainly focused on the application of β-glucans as immune adjuvants, the receptors of β-glucans, as well as their structure and activity relationship which will benefit future research of β-glucans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pingli Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, No. 44 Wenhuaxi Road, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Morales D, Piris AJ, Ruiz-Rodriguez A, Prodanov M, Soler-Rivas C. Extraction of bioactive compounds against cardiovascular diseases from Lentinula edodes using a sequential extraction method. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:746-755. [PMID: 29388355 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three extraction methods were sequentially combined to obtain fractions from Lentinula edodes (shiitake mushrooms) containing bioactive compounds against cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Fruiting bodies were first extracted with plain water, obtained residue was then submitted to supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and remaining residue submitted to hot water extraction. Sequential design allowed reutilization of the nonextracted material as raw material for the successive extractions increasing extraction yields and separating interesting compounds. Obtained fractions contained different amounts of ß-glucans, chitins, eritadenine, lenthionine, ergosterol, proteins/peptides and phenolic compounds conferring them different bioactivities. Water soluble fractions showed high antioxidant activities (ABTS+• and DPPH• scavenging capacity and reducing power), they were also able to inhibit one of the main enzymes involved in hypertension (angiotensin-I converting enzyme) and the key enzyme of cholesterol metabolism (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). The latter inhibitory activity was also noticed in SFE extracts although ergosterol and other lipid-like molecules were isolated. Dietary fibers were separated in the third extraction. Therefore, with this sequential extraction procedure bioactive compounds against CVDs can be selectively separated from a single batch of shiitake powder. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:746-755, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Morales
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Adriana J Piris
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alejandro Ruiz-Rodriguez
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Marin Prodanov
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Cristina Soler-Rivas
- Dept. of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM+CSIC), C/Nicolas Cabrera 9, Campus de Cantoblanco, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hsu KD, Wu SP, Lin SP, Lum CC, Cheng KC. Enhanced active extracellular polysaccharide production from Ganoderma formosanum using computational modeling. J Food Drug Anal 2017; 25:804-811. [PMID: 28987356 PMCID: PMC9328880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is one of the major bioactive ingredients contributing to the health benefits of Ganoderma spp. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to determine the optimal culture conditions for EPS production of Ganoderma formosanum. The optimum medium composition was found to be at initial pH 5.3, 49.2 g/L of glucose, and 4.9 g/L of yeast extract by implementing a three-factor–three-level Box –Behnken design. Under this condition, the predicted yield of EPS was up to 830.2 mg/L, which was 1.4-fold higher than the one from basic medium (604.5 mg/L). Furthermore, validating the experimental value of EPS production depicted a high correlation (100.4%) with the computational prediction response model. In addition, the percentage of β-glucan, a well-recognized bioactive polysaccharide, in EPS was 53 ± 5.5%, which was higher than that from Ganoderma lucidum in a previous study. Moreover, results of monosaccharide composition analysis indicated that glucose was the major component of G. formosanum EPS, supporting a high β-glucan percentage in EPS. Taken together, this is the first study to investigate the influence of medium composition for G. formosanum EPS production as well as its β-glucan composition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Di Hsu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Shu-Pei Wu
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ping Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chin Lum
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617,
Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chen Cheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617,
Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Food Science Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617,
Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung,
Taiwan
- Corresponding author. Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. E-mail address: (K.-C. Cheng)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Screening of beta-glucan contents in commercially cultivated and wild growing mushrooms. Food Chem 2017; 216:45-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|