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Wu SY, Ou CC, Lee ML, Hsin IL, Kang YT, Jan MS, Ko JL. Polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum Ameliorates Cachectic Myopathy Induced by the Combination Cisplatin plus Docetaxel in Mice. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0313022. [PMID: 37212664 PMCID: PMC10269453 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03130-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a lethal muscle-wasting syndrome associated with cancer and chemotherapy use. Mounting evidence suggests a correlation between cachexia and intestinal microbiota, but there is presently no effective treatment for cachexia. Whether the Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide Liz-H exerts protective effects on cachexia and gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by the combination cisplatin plus docetaxel (cisplatin + docetaxel) was investigated. C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin + docetaxel, with or without oral administration of Liz-H. Body weight, food consumption, complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and muscle atrophy were measured. Next-generation sequencing was also performed to investigate changes to gut microbial ecology. Liz-H administration alleviated the cisplatin + docetaxel-induced weight loss, muscle atrophy, and neutropenia. Furthermore, upregulation of muscle protein degradation-related genes (MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1) and decline of myogenic factors (MyoD and myogenin) after treatment of cisplatin and docetaxel were prevented by Liz-H. Cisplatin and docetaxel treatment resulted in reducing comparative abundances of Ruminococcaceae and Bacteroides, but Liz-H treatment restored these to normal levels. This study indicates that Liz-H is a good chemoprotective reagent for cisplatin + docetaxel-induced cachexia. IMPORTANCE Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome driven by metabolic dysregulation, anorexia, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. Approximately 80% of patients with advanced cancer have cachexia, and cachexia is the cause of death in 30% of cancer patients. Nutritional supplementation has not been shown to reverse cachexia progression. Thus, developing strategies to prevent and/or reverse cachexia is urgent. Polysaccharide is a major biologically active compound in the fungus Ganoderma lucidum. This study is the first to report that G. lucidum polysaccharides could alleviate chemotherapy-induced cachexia via reducing expression of genes that are known to drive muscle wasting, such as MuRF-1 and Atrogin-1. These results suggest that Liz-H is an effective treatment for cisplatin + docetaxel-induced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Yu Wu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Lin Lee
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Lun Hsin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Jan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health Industry Technology Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Lu HJ, Li CH, Kang YT, Wu CM, Wu CH, Ko JL, Wu MF. Efficacy of GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, for head and neck cancer patients with chemotherapy-related oral mucositis: An open-labeled prospective single-arm study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29185. [PMID: 35482987 PMCID: PMC9276401 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer patients usually suffer from intensive chemotherapy-related oral mucositis (OM), yet limited effective treatment can rapidly alleviate OM severity. METHODS This prospective study examined the efficacy of Reishimmune-S containing one fungal immunomodulatory protein, GMI on OM in patients with head and neck cancer. Patients with head and neck cancer and the diagnosis of chemotherapy-related OM were enrolled randomizedly to receive standard supportive care with/without Reishimmune-S 500 mg/day orally for consecutive 14 days. Due to intolerance to standard supportive care alone in the control arm, only the experimental arm with Reishimmune-S supplementation was analyzed in our trial. OM grading was evaluated as the primary outcome on day 1, 8, and 15. Secondary outcomes were absolute neutrophil counts and quality of life assessed by the EORTC-QLQ-H&N 35 questionnaire on day 1, 8, and 15. RESULTS Reishimmune-S supplement significantly reduced OM grading both at day 8 and 15. Trouble with social contact and weight loss conditions were also improved by Reishimmune-S. Reishimmune-S did not significantly affect absolute neutrophil counts during the 15-day follow-up. CONCLUSION Reishimmune-S supplement potentially alleviates the severity of chemotherapy-mediated OM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Ju Lu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Che-Hsing Li
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Program of Immunology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yu-Ting Kang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Mei Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fang Wu
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chen YH, Shin JY, Wei HM, Lin CC, Yu LCH, Liao WT, Chen DC, Chu CL. Prevention of dextran sulfate sodium-induced mouse colitis by the fungal protein Ling Zhi-8 via promoting the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 12:1639-1650. [PMID: 33481975 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02604b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The fungal immunomodulatory protein Ling Zhi-8 (LZ-8) isolated from Ganoderma lucidum (GL) regulates immune cells and inhibits tumor growth; however, the role of LZ-8 in protecting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is unknown. In this study, we aim to investigate the functional effect of LZ-8 on IECs. LZ-8 effectively rescued the pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced loss of tight junctions (TJs) by enhancing transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), reducing permeability, and maintaining the distribution of TJ proteins, in Caco-2 cells. Mechanistically, LZ-8 blocked the upregulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and NF-kB activation by TLR2-mediated suppression of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 expression. Furthermore, LZ-8 pre-treatment reduced the pathological scores of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. These results indicated that LZ-8 protected the barrier function of IECs against inflammation. Thus, LZ-8 may potentially be a novel candidate for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jenn-Yeu Shin
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiu-Mei Wei
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsin University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Linda C H Yu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine and Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Dz-Chi Chen
- Yeastern Biotech Co. Ltd, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Liang Chu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lei X, Zhi C, Huang W, Sun X, Gao W, Yin X, Zhang X, Liang C, Zhang H, Sun F. Recombinant Ganoderma lucidum Immunomodulatory Protein Improves the Treatment for Chemotherapy-Induced Neutropenia. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:956. [PMID: 32676028 PMCID: PMC7333219 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum, also known as LINGZHI, has a long tradition of use in folk medicine of the Far East, which is documented in the oldest Chinese pharmacopoeia, declaring it a superior medicine. LINGZHI-8 (LZ-8) is an immunoregulatory fungal protein isolated from the fruiting body of Ganoderma lucidum. Neutropenia is a condition with an abnormally low levels of neutrophils in the blood, which is caused by numerous medical conditions or medications, such as chemotherapy. The current study demonstrated that recombinant LZ-8 (rLZ-8) from Pichia promoted the differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) into granulocytes in a neutropenia mouse model induced by cyclophosphamide. Also, it regulated the CXCR4-SDF1 axis to promote the mobilization of HSCs and the release of neutrophils from the bone marrow to peripheral blood. Binding of rLZ-8 to the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) promotes the differentiation of HSCs into primitive CFU colonies. These results suggested that rLZ-8 has a potential effect in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Lei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chenyang Zhi
- Anorectal, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of New Drug Development, Changchun Intellicrown Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Changchun, China
| | - Chongyang Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Neurosurgery, Gaoyou People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Fei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Li CH, Ko JL, Ou CC, Lin WL, Yen CC, Hsu CT, Hsiao YP. The Protective Role of GMI, an Immunomodulatory Protein From Ganoderma microsporum, on 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Oral and Intestinal Mucositis. Integr Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1534735419833795. [PMID: 30879354 PMCID: PMC6423674 DOI: 10.1177/1534735419833795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is used in the treatment of head and neck cancer patients.
However, adverse effects experienced such as mucositis and poor appetite may
lead to interruption in chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the
efficacy of GMI, one fungal immunomodulatory protein found in Ganoderma
microsporum, for mucositis induced by 5-FU in a mouse model. Mice
were administered 5-FU intraperitoneally for 4 days per cycle for a total of 2
chemotherapy cycles. In addition, mice were pretreated with GMI or
phosphate-buffered saline 3 days before 5-FU intraperitoneal injection and daily
until day 14. On histological analysis, GMI prevented 5-FU-induced damage to the
intestinal mucosa and tongue epithelium. We also demonstrated that GMI enhanced
the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in 2 oral cancer cell lines, while GMI could not
promote this effect in an oral normal cell. In conclusion, GMI alleviates
5-FU-induced damage and decelerates cell death in normal alimentary tract
tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Hsing Li
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Liang Ko
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Chyn Ou
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wea-Lung Lin
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Yen
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ting Hsu
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ping Hsiao
- 1 Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,2 Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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From nutraceutical to clinical trial: frontiers in Ganoderma development. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:9037-9051. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9326-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Making Use of Genomic Information to Explore the Biotechnological Potential of Medicinal Mushrooms. MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS OF THE WORLD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5978-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Tang C, Hoo PCX, Tan LTH, Pusparajah P, Khan TM, Lee LH, Goh BH, Chan KG. Golden Needle Mushroom: A Culinary Medicine with Evidenced-Based Biological Activities and Health Promoting Properties. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:474. [PMID: 28003804 PMCID: PMC5141589 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Flammulina velutipes (enoki, velvet shank, golden needle mushroom or winter mushroom), one of the main edible mushrooms on the market, has long been recognized for its nutritional value and delicious taste. In recent decades, research has expanded beyond detailing its nutritional composition and delved into the biological activities and potential health benefits of its constituents. Many bioactive constituents from a range of families have been isolated from different parts of the mushroom, including carbohydrates, protein, lipids, glycoproteins, phenols, and sesquiterpenes. These compounds have been demonstrated to exhibit various biological activities, such as antitumour and anticancer activities, anti-atherosclerotic and thrombosis inhibition activity, antihypertensive and cholesterol lowering effects, anti-aging and antioxidant properties, ability to aid with restoring memory and overcoming learning deficits, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-bacterial, ribosome inactivation and melanosis inhibition. This review aims to consolidate the information concerning the phytochemistry and biological activities of various compounds isolated from F. velutipes to demonstrate that this mushroom is not only a great source of nutrients but also possesses tremendous potential in pharmaceutical drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calyn Tang
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Pearl Ching-Xin Hoo
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Loh Teng-Hern Tan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Priyia Pusparajah
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Tahir Mehmood Khan
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacy, Abasyn University PeshawarPeshawar, Pakistan
| | - Learn-Han Lee
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Bey-Hing Goh
- Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University MalaysiaBandar Sunway, Malaysia
- Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety (Cohorts), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PhayaoPhayao, Thailand
| | - Kok-Gan Chan
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of MalayaKuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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