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Zhang JJ, Xu X, Zeng Q, Li C, Xi BN, Shu Y, Ma T, Dong H, Shen Y. Lipidomics and metabolomics reveal the molecular mechanisms underlying the effect of thermal treatment on composition and oxidative stability of walnut oil. Food Res Int 2024; 191:114695. [PMID: 39059908 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Roasting walnut kernel significantly improves the oxidative stability and sensory properties of its oil. However, the effect of roasting temperatures on the molecular change of main components and micronutrients in walnut oil is still unclear. Herein, lipidomics and metabolomics were integrated to comprehensively profile the walnut oil obtained at different roasting temperatures (30 °C, 120 °C, 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C). Lipidomics showed that the content of glycerolipids, sphingolipids, and glycerophospholipids decreased with roasting temperatures, while the oxidized fatty acids and triglycerides increased. Ratios of linoleic acid and linolenic acid varied with roasting temperatures and were most close to 4-6:1 at 140 °C, 160 °C, and 180 °C. Major classes of micronutrients showed a tendency to increase at the roasting temperature of 120 °C and 140 °C, then decrease at 160 °C and 180 °C. Liposoluble amino acids identified for the first time in walnut oil varied with roasting temperatures. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the higher contents of liposoluble amino acids and phenolics are positively associated with enhanced oxidative stability of walnut oil obtained at 140 °C. Furthermore, glutamine and 5-oxo-D-proline were expected to be potential biomarkers to differentiate the fresh and roasted walnut oil. The study is expected to provide new insight into the change mechanism of both major lipids and micronutrients in walnut oil during the roasting process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China; State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Department of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710048, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Qin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China.
| | - Bo-Nan Xi
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Tianchen Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Hengtao Dong
- Shimadzu (China) Co., Ltd., Xi'an, Shaanxi 710000, China
| | - Yehua Shen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Chemistry Education, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, China; Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an 710048, China.
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2
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Kruk M, Ponder A, Horoszewicz J, Popławski D, Król K, Leszczyńska J, Jaworska D, Trząskowska M. By-product hazelnut seed skin characteristics and properties in terms of use in food processing and human nutrition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18835. [PMID: 39138272 PMCID: PMC11322380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69900-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The hazelnut seed skins (HSS) are by-products from roasting or blanching hazelnuts without direct second utilization. The generation of HSS creates an economic and environmental problem. The object of the study was a comprehensive analysis of the properties for reuse of HSS. Water extraction of industrial HSS was applied (water with sonication of the HSS for 10 min at 90 ℃). The extracts obtained were freeze-dried to facilitate analysis and future application. The HSS and their extracts were analysed. Polyphenols, antioxidants, allergens, antimicrobial properties and instrumental sensory analysis were examined. The total polyphenol content in the samples was 37.8-44.0 mg gallic acid equivalent g-1. Gallic acid was the major phenolic compound. The antioxidant capacity of the samples was 198.9-250.6 mg VCEAC g-1 (vitamin C equivalent) according to the ABTS method and 98.4-106.8 mg VCEAC g-1 in the DPPH method. The extracts inhibited all tested strains of pathogenic bacteria. Allergen content was reduced in HSS and the extracts. Instrumental sensory analysis showed differences between taste parameters and odour profile samples. HSS can be reused in food production as a bacteriostatic, antioxidant additive and sensory-creating factor due to various chemical compounds corresponding with taste and odour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kruk
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Alicja Ponder
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Horoszewicz
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Popławski
- Faculty of Human Nutrition, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Król
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Leszczyńska
- Institute of General Food Chemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Łódz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego St. 4/10, 90-924, Lodz, Poland
| | - Danuta Jaworska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Trząskowska
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), Nowoursynowska St. 159c, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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Pulido-Mateos EC, Lessard-Lord J, Desjardins Y, Roy D. Biotransformation of camu-camu galloylated ellagitannins by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum with extracellular tannase activity. Food Funct 2024; 15:7189-7199. [PMID: 38895881 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00149d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Some strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum produce specific tannases that could enable the metabolism of ellagitannins into more bioavailable phenolic metabolites, thereby promoting the health effects of these polyphenols. However, the metabolic ability of these strains remains poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the ability of broad esterase-producing (Est_1092+) and extracellular tannase-producing (TanA+) strains to convert a wide assortment of ellagitannins from camu-camu (Myrciaria dubia) fruit. To this end, forty-three strains were screened to identify and sequence (WGS) those producing Est_1092. In addition, six previously reported TanA+ strains were included in the study. Each strain (Est_1092+ or TanA+) was inoculated into a minimal culture medium supplemented with an aqueous camu-camu extract. After fermentation, supernatants were collected for semi-quantification of ellagitannins and their metabolites by mass spectrometry. For analysis, the strains were grouped according to their enzyme type and compared with an Est_1092 and TanA-lacking strain. Out of the forty-three isolates, three showed Est_1092 activity. Of the Est_1092+ and TanA+ strains, only the latter hydrolyzed the tri-galloyl-HHDP-glucose and various isomers of HHDP-galloyl-glucose, releasing HHDP-glucose and gallic acid. TanA+ strains also transformed three isomers of di-HHDP-galloyl-glucose, liberating di-HHDP-glucose and gallic acid. Overall, TanA+ strains released 3.6-4.9 times more gallic acid than the lacking strain. In addition, those exhibiting gallate decarboxylase activity pursued gallic acid metabolism to release pyrogallol. Neither Est_1092+ nor TanA+ strains transformed ellagitannin-core structures. In summary, TanA+ L. plantarum strains have the unique ability to hydrolyze a wide range of galloylated ellagitannins, releasing phenolic metabolites with additional health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena C Pulido-Mateos
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels de l'Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Laboratoire de génomique microbienne, Département des sciences des aliments, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels de l'Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| | - Yves Desjardins
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels de l'Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
| | - Denis Roy
- Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels de l'Université Laval, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Laboratoire de génomique microbienne, Département des sciences des aliments, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Bouzaiene A, Mansour RB, Jemaa-Guirat MB, Hammami I, Trabelsi D, Msaada K, Labidi N. Exploring the bioactive potential of dried fruit by-products: a focus on hazelnut, peanut, and almond teguments and shells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38944750 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2373174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Dried fruits are renowned for their nutritional value, particularly their seeds. However, their skins, shells, and hulls also hold significant nutritional and commercial potential, yet remain largely unexplored for their bioactive compounds. This study examines the teguments and shells of three types of dried fruits - hazelnut, peanut, and two almond varieties. Ethanol extracts from these by-products reveal a variety of phytochemicals with antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties, confirmed through in vitro and in vivo assays. Teguments contain higher polyphenol levels compared to shells, with 24 compounds identified via HPLC analysis. The Achak almond tegument extract demonstrates strong antiradical activity, significant antimicrobial effects, and notable antiviral properties at a low concentration. Moreover, extracts from Achak almond tegument and hazelnut shells exhibit notable anti-inflammatory properties. This underscores the potential of utilizing dried fruit by-products to create innovative, value-added products, supporting environmental sustainability and boosting the competitiveness of the dried fruit industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arij Bouzaiene
- Département de Biologie, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences et Techniques de la Santé de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rim Ben Mansour
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Mariem Ben Jemaa-Guirat
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Imran Hammami
- LR: Bioressources, Environment and Biotechnology - ISSBAT, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Darine Trabelsi
- Laboratoire des Légumineuses, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Msaada
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Nehla Labidi
- Laboratoire des Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj Cédria (CBBC), Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
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5
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An R, Perez-Cruet J, Wang J. We got nuts! use deep neural networks to classify images of common edible nuts. Nutr Health 2024; 30:301-307. [PMID: 35861193 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221113928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuts are nutrient-dense foods that contribute to healthier eating. Food image datasets enable artificial intelligence (AI) powered diet-tracking apps to help people monitor daily eating patterns. AIM This study aimed to create an image dataset of commonly consumed nut types and use it to build an AI computer vision model to automate nut type classification tasks. METHODS iPhone 11 was used to take photos of 11 nut types-almond, brazil nut, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, macadamia, peanut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut. The dataset contains 2200 images, 200 per nut type. The dataset was randomly split into the training (60% or 1320 images), validation (20% or 440 images), and test sets (20% or 440 images). A neural network model was constructed and trained using transfer learning and other computer vision techniques-data augmentation, mixup, normalization, label smoothing, and learning rate optimization. RESULTS The trained neural network model correctly predicted 338 out of 440 images (40 per nut type) in the validation set, achieving 99.55% accuracy. Moreover, the model classified the 440 images in the test set with 100% accuracy. CONCLUSION This study built a nut image dataset and used it to train a neural network model to classify images by nut type. The model achieved near-perfect accuracy on the validation and test sets, demonstrating the feasibility of automating nut type classification using smartphone photos. Being made open-source, the dataset and model can assist the development of diet-tracking apps that facilitate users' adoption and adherence to a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Kinesiology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
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6
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An R, Perez-Cruet JM, Wang X, Yang Y. Build Deep Neural Network Models to Detect Common Edible Nuts from Photos and Estimate Nutrient Portfolio. Nutrients 2024; 16:1294. [PMID: 38732541 PMCID: PMC11085677 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts are nutrient-dense foods and can be incorporated into a healthy diet. Artificial intelligence-powered diet-tracking apps may promote nut consumption by providing real-time, accurate nutrition information but depend on data and model availability. Our team developed a dataset comprising 1380 photographs, each in RGB color format and with a resolution of 4032 × 3024 pixels. These images feature 11 types of nuts that are commonly consumed. Each photo includes three nut types; each type consists of 2-4 nuts, so 6-9 nuts are in each image. Rectangular bounding boxes were drawn using a visual geometry group (VGG) image annotator to facilitate the identification of each nut, delineating their locations within the images. This approach renders the dataset an excellent resource for training models capable of multi-label classification and object detection, as it was meticulously divided into training, validation, and test subsets. Utilizing transfer learning in Python with the IceVision framework, deep neural network models were adeptly trained to recognize and pinpoint the nuts depicted in the photographs. The ultimate model exhibited a mean average precision of 0.7596 in identifying various nut types within the validation subset and demonstrated a 97.9% accuracy rate in determining the number and kinds of nuts present in the test subset. By integrating specific nutritional data for each type of nut, the model can precisely (with error margins ranging from 0.8 to 2.6%) calculate the combined nutritional content-encompassing total energy, proteins, carbohydrates, fats (total and saturated), fiber, vitamin E, and essential minerals like magnesium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and selenium-of the nuts shown in a photograph. Both the dataset and the model have been made publicly available to foster data exchange and the spread of knowledge. Our research underscores the potential of leveraging photographs for automated nut calorie and nutritional content estimation, paving the way for the creation of dietary tracking applications that offer real-time, precise nutritional insights to encourage nut consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruopeng An
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | | | - Xi Wang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
| | - Yuyi Yang
- Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA;
- Division of Computational and Data Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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7
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Mukarram SA, Wandhekar SS, Ahmed AEM, Pandey VK, Csaba O, Lajos D, József P, Harsányi E, Bela K. Exploring the Ecological Implications, Gastronomic Applications, and Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Juglans regia L. (Green Walnut): A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:1183. [PMID: 38674873 PMCID: PMC11055045 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The green walnut, which is frequently overlooked in favor of its more mature sibling, is becoming a topic of great significance because of its unique ecological role, culinary flexibility, and therapeutic richness. The investigation of the bioactive substances found in green walnuts and their possible effects on human health has therapeutic potential. Juglans regia L. is an important ecological component that affects soil health, biodiversity, and the overall ecological dynamic in habitats. Comprehending and recording these consequences are essential for environmental management and sustainable land-use strategies. Regarding cuisine, while black walnuts are frequently the main attraction, green walnuts have distinct tastes and textures that are used in a variety of dishes. Culinary innovation and the preservation of cultural food heritage depend on the understanding and exploration of these gastronomic characteristics. Omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals are abundant in green walnuts, which have a comprehensive nutritional profile. Walnuts possess a wide range of pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-function-enhancing properties. Consuming green walnuts as part of one's diet helps with antioxidant defense, cardiovascular health, and general well-being. Juglans regia L., with its distinctive flavor and texture combination, is not only a delicious food but also supports sustainable nutrition practices. This review explores the nutritional and pharmacological properties of green walnuts, which can be further used for studies in various food and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaikh Ayaz Mukarram
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (K.B.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Young Scientist, World Food Forum, I-00100 Rome, Italy
| | - Sangram S. Wandhekar
- Department of Food Engineering, College of Food Technology, Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani 431402, Maharashtra, India
| | - Abdelhakam Esmaeil Mohamed Ahmed
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (K.B.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum North 13314, Sudan
| | - Vinay Kumar Pandey
- RDC, Biotechnology Department, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad 121004, Haryana, India;
| | - Oláh Csaba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Borsod County Teaching Hospital, 3526 Miskolc, Hungary;
| | - Daróczi Lajos
- Y-Food Ltd., Dózsa György út 28/A, 4100 Berettyóújfalu, Hungary;
| | - Prokisch József
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Institute of Animal Science, Biotechnology and Nature Conservation, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Endre Harsányi
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management, Agricultural Research Institutes and Academic Farming (AKIT), University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Kovács Bela
- Faculty of Agriculture, Food Science & Environmental Management, Institute of Food Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (A.E.M.A.); (K.B.)
- Doctoral School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi út 138, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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8
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Badgujar KC, Badgujar JK, Bhanage BM. Improved biocatalytic activity of steapsin lipase in supercritical carbon dioxide medium for the synthesis of benzyl butyrate: A commercially important flavour compound. J Biotechnol 2024; 384:55-62. [PMID: 38401645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of flavours, fragrances and food additives compounds have great demand and market value. Benzyl butyrate is commercially important flavour and food additive compound having global use around 100 metric tons/year and widely used in various industrial sectors. However, industrial synthesis of food additive benzyl butyrate is carried out by conventional chemical process which demands for the green biobased sustainable synthetic process. The present work reports steapsin catalyzed synthesis of benzyl butyrate for the first time in supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) reaction medium. All reaction variables are optimized in details to obtain competent conversion of 99% in Sc-CO2 reaction medium. The developed steapsin catalyzed synthesis in Sc-CO2 medium offered almost four-fold higher conversion to benzyl butyrate than organic (conventional) solvent. The steapsin biocatalyst was effectually recycled up to five reaction cycles in Sc-CO2 medium. Moreover, the developed steapsin catalyzed protocol in Sc-CO2 medium was extended to synthesize different ten industrially significant flavour fragrance compounds that offers 99% conversion and three to five-folds higher conversion than organic medium. Thus, the present steapsin catalyzed protocol offered improved synthesis of various commercially significant flavour compounds in Sc-CO2. medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirtikumar C Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Jagruti K Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Bhalchandra M Bhanage
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
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9
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Sabzi F, Kuhnert N. Identification of oxygenated triacylglycerols in pistachio nuts' lipids by reverse-phase high-resolution-liquid chromatography-ESI mass spectrometry. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113750. [PMID: 38309857 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydroxy- and peroxy-triacylglycerols are common products of lipid peroxidation formed during oil storage or heating or as enzymatic oxidation product of arachidonic acid as signaling molecules in mammals. In this study, oxygenated triacylglycerides (TAG) were identified in pistachio oil based on reverse phase(RP), high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization and mass spectrometry (HPLC- ESI -MS). 20 novel lipid plant metabolites, classified based on their fragment spectra into a hydroxy (TAG-OH), an epoxy (TAG-O), and hydroperoxide (TAG-OOH) groups. We believe that this class of compounds has been for the first time observed as genuine secondary plant metabolites in a natural source in this case pistachio lipids of dietary relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Sabzi
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Nikolai Kuhnert
- School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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10
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Xu K, Zhang Z, Jiang K, Yang A, Wang T, Xu L, Li X, Zhang X, Meng F, Wang B. Elucidating the effect of different processing methods on the sensory quality of chestnuts based on multi-scale molecular sensory science. Food Chem 2024; 431:136989. [PMID: 37572488 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Chestnuts are known for their unique flavor and nutritional value. However, the flavor changes in chestnuts after processing remain unclear. Multi-intelligent sensory technologies and headspace solid-phase microextraction-arrow gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-Arrow-GC-MS) combined with multivariate statistical analysis were applied to evaluate the effect of packaging and heat sterilization procedures on the sensory quality of chestnuts. The results showed that the significant variations (p < 0.05) between the different chestnut processing methods were revealed via the electronic eye (E-eye), electronic nose (E-nose), and electronic tongue (E-tongue). The packaging had a more significant influence on the sensory quality of the chestnuts than heat sterilization procedures. HS-SPME-Arrow-GC-MS identified 83 volatile compounds. The processed chestnuts exhibited higher aldehyde, ester, and alkene concentrations, while N2 packaging was more favorable to flavor elicitation and retention. Therefore, combining intelligent sensory techniques with GC-MS can rapidly determine the chestnut quality and guide industrial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunli Xu
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zheting Zhang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Kexin Jiang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Aolin Yang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Tielong Wang
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Lingyun Xu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Shimadzu CO., LTD., China Innovation Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Shimadzu CO., LTD., China Innovation Center, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Fanyu Meng
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bei Wang
- School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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11
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Olas B. The Cardioprotective Properties of Selected Nuts: Their Functional Ingredients and Molecular Mechanisms. Foods 2024; 13:242. [PMID: 38254543 PMCID: PMC10814286 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuts have been known as a nutritious food since ancient times and can be considered part of our original diet: they are one of the few foods that have been eaten in the same form for thousands of years. They consist of various dry fruits and seeds, with the most common species being almonds (Prunus dulcis), hazelnuts (Corylus avellana), cashews (cashew nuts, Anacardium occidentale), pistachios (Pistacia vera), walnuts (Italian nuts, Juglans regia), peanuts (Arachia hypogaca), Brazil nuts (Bartholletia excels), pecans (Corya illinoinensis), macadamia nuts (Macademia ternifolia) and pine nuts. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have found nuts to possess a range of bioactive compounds with cardioprotective properties, and hence, their consumption may play a role in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The present work reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the functional ingredients of various nuts (almonds, Brazil nuts, cashew nuts, hazelnuts, macadamia nuts, peanuts, pecan nuts, pine nuts, pistachios, and walnuts) and the molecular mechanisms of their cardioprotective action. The data indicate that almonds, walnuts and pistachios are the best nut sources of bioactive ingredients with cardioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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12
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Chukwuma IF, Ossai EC, Nworah FN, Apeh VO, Abiaziem EO, Iheagwam FN, Skendrović H, Juchniewicz S, Leicht K, Okpala COR, Korzeniowska M. Changes in nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potential of raw and roasted tropical almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) nuts from Nigeria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287840. [PMID: 38165984 PMCID: PMC10760739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical almond (Terminalia catappa Linn.) is highly distributed within the tropics, but appears rather underutilized in developing countries like Nigeria. Specifically, relevant information regards the nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potential of roasted T. catappa nuts remains scanty. Comparing both raw and roasted T. catappa nuts should provide additional information especially from product development and potential commercial prospect standpoints. The changes in nutritional, health benefits, and pharmaceutical potentials of raw and roasted T. catappa nuts were, therefore, investigated. Whereas the raw T. catappa nuts obtained significantly (p < 0.05) higher protein, ash, moisture, crude fiber, as well as vitamins C, and B1-3 compared to the roasted ones, some contents like carbohydrates, energy, vitamin A, calcium, manganese, zinc, hydrogen cyanide, as well as oxalate would noticeably change (p < 0.05) after the roasting process. Twenty phytochemicals were identified in both raw and roasted samples with the concentrations of quinine, ribalinidine, sapogenin, flavan-3-ol and tannin significantly reduced, while catechin seemed enhanced upon roasting. Promising drug-likeness, pharmacokinetic properties, and safety profiles could be predicted among the phytochemicals. Overall, roasting T. catappa nuts should enhance the nutritional contents, which could aid both absorption and palatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Felicia Chukwuma
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Chekwube Ossai
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Florence Nkechi Nworah
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Victor Onukwube Apeh
- Department of Applied Sciences, Federal College of Dental Technology and Therapy, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Osinachi Abiaziem
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Franklyn Nonso Iheagwam
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Covenant University Public Health and Wellbeing Research Cluster (CUPHWERC), Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Hanna Skendrović
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Szymon Juchniewicz
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Leicht
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Charles Odilichukwu R. Okpala
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- UGA Cooperative Extension, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Małgorzata Korzeniowska
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
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13
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Gheise NJE, Riasi A, Shahneh AZ, Naseri V, Kafilzadeh F, Bolandnazar A, Ahmadi F. Comparative evaluation of nutrient composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant activity of de-oiled meals from walnut, hazelnut, almond, and sesame. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:333. [PMID: 37768412 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to establish a comparative database on the chemical composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant activity of the de-oiled meals produced from walnut, hazelnut, almond, and sesame seeds from the ruminant nutrition perspective. The meals were provided in dried form after their oil harvest using the cold-pressing oil extraction method. Crude protein (CP) constituted the major component of the meals and was the greatest in walnut and almond (average of 45.6% of dry matter (DM)], intermediate in hazelnut meal (41.4%), and least in sesame meal (33.3%)). Potassium was the most abundant mineral in walnut, hazelnut, and almond meals, followed by phosphorus, calcium, and magnesium. The CP fractions determined using the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System were largely different across the meals, with fraction A being the greatest in hazelnut (40.9% of CP) and intermediate in almond, sesame, and walnut meals (11.4% of CP). The unavailable CP fraction (fraction C) was the least abundant fraction in all meals, ranging from 0.13% of CP in walnut to 3.30% of CP in hazelnut meal. Oleic and linoleic acids were the predominant unsaturated fatty acids, and palmitic acid was the principal fatty acid in all meals analyzed. The fractional degradation rate (h-1) ranged from 0.043 in almond meal to 0.017 in walnut meal. In vitro intestinal CP digestibility (% of rumen-undegraded protein) ranged from 91.6 in hazelnut meal to 97.2 in almond meal. Total phenolics expressed as milligram tannic acid equivalent/gram DM was greatest in walnut meal (11.9), resulting in the greatest antioxidant activity recorded for walnut meal (83.2%). This study provided a database on the nutrient composition, in vitro nutritional value, and antioxidant capacity of the selected de-oiled meals. Additional investigation is needed to identify the in vivo response of their inclusion in the diet of ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Jamali Emam Gheise
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Riasi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Zare Shahneh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
| | - Veria Naseri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Farokh Kafilzadeh
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Ahmadi
- Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, South Korea
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14
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Dong Y, Toume K, Kimijima S, Zhang H, Zhu S, He Y, Cai S, Maruyama T, Komatsu K. Metabolite profiling of Drynariae Rhizoma using 1H NMR and HPLC coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. J Nat Med 2023; 77:839-857. [PMID: 37535166 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-023-01726-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Drynariae Rhizoma has been used to treat bone diseases and kidney deficiency in traditional medicine. Recently its aqueous extract was reported to enhance memory function. Although the Japanese standards for non-Pharmacopoeial crude drugs 2022 prescribed Drynaria roosii as the botanical origin, some counterfeits and both raw and stir-fired crude drugs are available in markets. To distinguish Drynariae Rhizoma derived from D. roosii appropriately from others and verify the validity of uses of stir-fried ones, 1H NMR-based metabolite profiling coupled with HPLC were performed. Raw samples derived from D. roosii contained naringin (1), neoeriocitrin (2), 5,7-dihydroxychromone-7-O-neohesperidoside (3), caffeic acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside (4), protocatechuic acid (5), trans-p-coumaric acid 4-O-β-D-glucoside (6), and kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside 7-O-β-D-glucoside (8). Stir-fried samples were characterized by presence of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (13), and were divided into two types; one possessing similar composition to raw samples (Type I) and another without above components except 5 (Type II). Quantitative analyses using qHNMR and HPLC, followed by principal component analysis demonstrated that the raw samples had higher contents of 1 (0.93-9.86 mg/g), 2 (0.74-7.59 mg/g), 3 (0.05-2.48 mg/g), 4 (0.27-2.51 mg/g), 6 (0.14-1.26 mg/g), and 8 (0.04-0.52 mg/g), and Type II had a higher content of 5 (0.84-1.32 mg/g). The counterfeit samples derived from Araiostegia divaricata var. formosana were characterized by higher content of ( -)-epicatechin 3-O-β-D-allopyranoside (10) (1.44-11.49 mg/g) without 1 and 2. These results suggested that Drynariae Rhizoma samples derived from other botanical origins and Type II stir-fried samples cannot substitute for D. roosii rhizome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhuo Dong
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Toume
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
| | - Shin Kimijima
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hanpei Zhang
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Shu Zhu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, 25-1 Shichibancho, Wakayama, Wakayama, 640-8156, Japan
| | - Yumin He
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
- Medical College of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Takuro Maruyama
- National Institute of Health Science, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan
| | - Katsuko Komatsu
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan.
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15
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Duta-Bratu CG, Nitulescu GM, Mihai DP, Olaru OT. Resveratrol and Other Natural Oligomeric Stilbenoid Compounds and Their Therapeutic Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2935. [PMID: 37631147 PMCID: PMC10459741 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The use of natural compounds as an alternative to synthetic molecules has become a significant subject of interest in recent decades. Stilbenoids are a group of phenolic compounds found in many plant species and they have recently gained the focus of a multitude of studies in medicine and chemistry, resveratrol being the most representative molecule. In this review, we focused on the research that illustrates the therapeutic potential of this class of natural molecules considering various diseases with higher incidence rates. PubChem database was searched for bioactivities of natural stilbenoids, while several keywords (i.e., "stilbenoids", "stilbenoid anticancer") were used to query PubMed database for relevant studies. The diversity and the simplicity of stilbenes' chemical structures together with the numerous biological sources are key elements that can simplify both the isolation of these compounds and the drug design of novel bioactive molecules. Resveratrol and other related compounds are heterogeneously distributed in plants and are mainly found in grapes and wine. Natural stilbenes were shown to possess a wide range of biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antihyperglycemic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antineoplastic properties. While resveratrol is widely investigated for its benefits in various disorders, further studies are warranted to properly harness the therapeutic potential of less popular stilbenoid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Mihai Nitulescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (O.T.O.)
| | - Dragos Paul Mihai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania (O.T.O.)
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16
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Tomar GS, Gundogan R, Can Karaca A, Nickerson M. Valorization of wastes and by-products of nuts, seeds, cereals and legumes processing. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 107:131-174. [PMID: 37898538 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Wastes and by-products of nuts, seeds, cereals and legumes carry a unique potential for valorization into value-added ingredients due to their protein, dietary fiber, antioxidant, vitamin and mineral contents. The most crucial factor in the recovery of value-added ingredients and bioactives from the wastes and by-products is the utilization of the most efficient extraction technique. This work is an overview of the classification of wastes and by-products of nuts, seeds, cereals and legumes processing, the methods used in the extraction of valuable compounds such as proteins, dietary fibers, phenolics, flavonoids and other bioactives. This chapter provides insights on the promising applications of extracted ingredients in various end products. A special emphasis is given to the challenges and improvement methods for extraction of value-added compounds from wastes and by-products of nuts, seeds, cereals and legumes processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Sevval Tomar
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Rukiye Gundogan
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Asli Can Karaca
- Department of Food Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Michael Nickerson
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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17
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Li M, Lu P, Wu H, de Souza TSP, Suleria HAR. In vitro digestion and colonic fermentation of phenolic compounds and their bioaccessibility from raw and roasted nut kernels. Food Funct 2023; 14:2727-2739. [PMID: 36852611 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03392e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Roasting and digestion affect nut kernel phenolic compounds' bioaccessibility and bioactivity. In this study, three types of raw and commercially roasted nut kernels (almonds, cashews, and walnuts) were treated by in vitro digestion and colonic fermentation. The objective was to analyze the effect of roasting on their phenolic content, associated antioxidant potential, bioaccessibility, and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis altering. Among these, raw and roasted walnuts performed best, with significantly higher total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), free radical scavenging (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay) values, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values after completing gastrointestinal digestion. With the exception of cashews, roasting had no significant effect on antioxidant capacity during digestion from oral to small intestinal phase. Almonds showed the highest DPPH values after 16-hour colonic fermentation, reaching above 7.60 mg TE per g. Roasting had a positive effect on the free radical savagery capacity of walnuts within 16-24 hours of fecal fermentation. Significant differences were found in the bioaccessibility of individual compounds in raw and roasted nuts. As for almond and walnut, roasting increases the release and breakdown of phenolic compounds during colonic fermentation and have a positive impact on the bioaccessibility of specific phenolic compounds. The colonic bioaccessibility of most phenolic compounds was the highest. Due to heat polysaccharide breakdown, the total SCFAs produced were limited up to 0.03 mM. Raw almonds produced the most SCFAs at 16-hour fermentation and illustrated more benefits to gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Li
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Peiyao Lu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, 35 South Changjiang Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu Province, 214000, China
| | - Hanjing Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thaiza S P de Souza
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
| | - Hafiz A R Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
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18
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Gonçalves B, Pinto T, Aires A, Morais MC, Bacelar E, Anjos R, Ferreira-Cardoso J, Oliveira I, Vilela A, Cosme F. Composition of Nuts and Their Potential Health Benefits-An Overview. Foods 2023; 12:942. [PMID: 36900459 PMCID: PMC10000569 DOI: 10.3390/foods12050942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that nut intake may defend human health is an interesting point of view and has been investigated worldwide. Consequently, nuts are commonly promoted as healthy. In recent decades, the number of investigations proposing a correlation between nut consumption and a decrease in the risk of key chronic diseases has continued to increase. Nuts are a source of intake of fiber, and dietary fiber is associated with a reduced occurrence of obesity and cardiovascular diseases. Nuts likewise provide minerals and vitamins to the diet and supply phytochemicals that function as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and phytoestrogens agents and other protective mechanisms. Therefore, the main goal of this overview is to summarize current information and to describe the utmost new investigation concerning the health benefits of certain nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Gonçalves
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinto
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alfredo Aires
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Morais
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eunice Bacelar
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rosário Anjos
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Jorge Ferreira-Cardoso
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Ivo Oliveira
- CITAB, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, Inov4Agro, Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Trás-of-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Alice Vilela
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Cosme
- CQ-VR, Chemistry Research Centre—Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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19
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Characterization of OSA starch-based films with nut-byproducts extracts for potential application as natural wound dressing. Polym Bull (Berl) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-023-04707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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20
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Reduction of Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin on almond kernels using gaseous chlorine dioxide fumigation. Food Chem 2023; 402:134161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Dar GJ, Nazir R, Wani SA, Farooq S. Isolation, molecular characterization and first report of Dothiorella gregaria associated with fruit rot of walnuts of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Microb Pathog 2023; 175:105989. [PMID: 36646293 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.105989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnuts are known for their high levels of antioxidants, which are linked to various health benefits. However, challenges related to distribution and storage, as well as the risk of fungal infections, can affect the quality of walnut kernels. Fungal pathogens from the Botryosphaeriaceae family, including Dothiorella species and Diplodia species, can damage fruit and reduce its antioxidant content. To comprehend the cause of fruit rot in walnuts, Dothiorella gregaria isolates were studied using polyphasic methods, including multiple gene sequences and morphological identification, as well as analysis of polyphenol content and pathogenicity. The walnuts kernels purchased from market places of Jammu and Kashmir (J&K), India were observed to be affected by Dothiorella gregaria species causing the quality detoriation and decrease in polyphenol content thus undeniably with decreased antioxidant properties. D. gregaria Infected walnut kernels were having some brown and black spots and some were having white mycelial growth and however, most samples were asymptomatic. Pathogenicity testing revealed that the pathogen was able to develop all the symptoms under experimental conditions and the reisolated pathogen was morphologically similar to D. gregaria. The samples infected with this pathogen showed considerable decrease in polyphenol content, 10.9 ± 2.66 mgGAE/g (mean ± standard deviation) thus decreased antioxidant quality as compared to the samples which showed zero incidence of this pathogen, 52.50 ± 4.27 mgGAE/g (mean ± standard deviation). Furthermore, the pathogen was studied using polyphasic approach involving morphological, molecular and phylogenetic analysis. Combined nucleotide dataset of nuclear ribosomal ITS and tef1-α revealed that Dothiorella gregaria (NY6) formed a clade with Dothiorlla iberica (MAEC33), Dothiorella sarmentorium (MAEC28) and Dothiorella iberica (CAA905) strains with 83% bootstrap support. Besides, we observed six nucleotide changes, four were insertions or deletions and two were substitutions in the 502-bp region of the ITS rRNA gene when we compared our isolate to the most equivalent sequences submitted to NCBI GenBank. This is the first report of Dothiorella gregaria affecting walnuts purchased from various markets in J&K, India, causing fruit rot in walnuts after harvest. Given that local farmers store and export walnuts, it could pose an emerging threat to their livelihood. Thus, creating post-harvesting interventions for D. gregaria and knowing more about the fruit rot in walnuts can be benefited from morphological and molecular identification using several gene loci, genetic variability in the ITS rRNA gene, and total phenol analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulam Jeelani Dar
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ruqeya Nazir
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Shakil A Wani
- Division of Veterinary Microbiology & Immunology, SK University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Saleem Farooq
- Centre of Research for Development (CORD), University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India; Department of Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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22
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Li H, Han J, Zhao Z, Tian J, Fu X, Zhao Y, Wei C, Liu W. Roasting treatments affect oil extraction rate, fatty acids, oxidative stability, antioxidant activity, and flavor of walnut oil. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1077081. [PMID: 36687692 PMCID: PMC9846541 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1077081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The quality of pressed walnut oil can be improved by moderate roasting treatment. Methods This study compared physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant ability of walnut oils pressed from differently roasted pretreated walnuts, analyzed the correlation among these indicators by using Pearson correlation coefficient and correlation coefficient heatmap, and evaluated the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of walnut oil under optimal pretreatment roasting conditions using headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS). Results Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were able to remarkably distinguish walnut oil produced by different roasting processes. In addition, correlation analysis showed that there was a significant impact among indicators. There were 73 VOCs were identified in the optimum roasted treated walnut oil, consisting of 30 aldehydes, 13 alcohols, 11 ketones, 10 esters, 5 acids, 2 oxygen-containing heterocycles, 1 nitrogen-containing heterocycle and 1 other compound. GC-IMS results showed that aldehydes contributed significantly to the volatile flavor profile of walnut oil, especially (E)-2-heptenal, (E)-2-pentenal and hexenal. Discussion The properties of walnut oil based on varying roasting pretreatment of walnut kernels were significantly differentiated. Roasting at 120°C for 20 min is a suitable pretreatment roasting condition for pressing walnut oil. Roasting at 120°C for 20 min is a suitable pretreatment roasting condition for pressing walnut oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huankang Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jiajia Han
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhongkai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Jinhu Tian
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xizhe Fu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Changqing Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China,Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China,*Correspondence: Changqing Wei,
| | - Wenyu Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China,Wenyu Liu,
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23
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Xu Y, Ye Y, Sun X. Memory enhancement of the new tryptamine-like components in the walnut kernel. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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24
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Kang MJ, Suh JH. Metabolomics as a tool to evaluate nut quality and safety. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhang Y, Yan Y, Li W, Huang K, Li S, Cao H, Guan X. Microwaving released more polyphenols from black quinoa grains with hypoglycemic effects compared with traditional cooking methods. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:5948-5956. [PMID: 35442520 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyphenols were reported to exhibit inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes to regulate carbohydrates and lipid digestion. However, different cooking methods might cause differences in the composition of polyphenols in cereal grains and thus further affect their activities. RESULTS The present study used boiling, roasting and microwaving to cook black quinoa and extracted polyphenols from them. Their total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content were determined, and phenolic composition was analyzed via high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Compared with other cooking methods, phenolic extract from microwaved black quinoa (PEM) showed the highest TPC value (about 2.64 mg GAE g-1 ). Microwaving released more phenolic acids (ferulic acid and gallic acid) from black quinoa grains. PEM also exhibited the strongest antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Lineweaver-Burk plots showed that PEM inhibited α-glucosidase in an uncompetitive mode, which was supported by circular dichroism analysis. PEM further reduced about 20.04% of digested starch in an in vitro digestion model and suppressed postprandial blood glucose increases (about 16.91% reduction) in vivo. CONCLUSION Collectively, our data suggested that microwaving could be an ideal method to cook quinoa in regards of its polyphenols in management of postprandial blood glucose. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanqi Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Huang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Cao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Guan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- National Grain Industry (Urban Grain and Oil Security) Technology Innovation Center, Shanghai, China
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Lu P, Wu H, Gu J, Nawaz MA, Ma X, Suleria HA. Impact of processing on bioaccessibility of phytochemicals in nuts. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2122990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Lu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Province China
| | - Hanjing Wu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jingyu Gu
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Malik A. Nawaz
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Xueying Ma
- Wuxi Food Safety Inspection and Test Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, Province China
| | - Hafiz A.R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Mateos R, Salvador MD, Fregapane G, Goya L. Why Should Pistachio Be a Regular Food in Our Diet? Nutrients 2022; 14:3207. [PMID: 35956383 PMCID: PMC9370095 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pistachio is regarded as a relevant source of biologically active components that, compared to other nuts, possess a healthier nutritional profile with low-fat content composed mainly of monounsaturated fatty acids, a high source of vegetable protein and dietary fibre, remarkable content of minerals, especially potassium, and an excellent source of vitamins, such as vitamins C and E. A rich composition in terms of phytochemicals, such as tocopherols, carotenoids, and, importantly, phenolic compounds, makes pistachio a powerful food to explore its involvement in the prevention of prevalent pathologies. Although pistachio has been less explored than other nuts (walnut, almonds, hazelnut, etc.), many studies provide evidence of its beneficial effects on CVD risk factors beyond the lipid-lowering effect. The present review gathers recent data regarding the most beneficial effects of pistachio on lipid and glucose homeostasis, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and inflammation that essentially convey a protective/preventive effect on the onset of pathological conditions, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, CVD, and cancer. Likewise, the influence of pistachio consumption on gut microbiota is reviewed with promising results. However, population nut consumption does not meet current intake recommendations due to the extended belief that they are fattening products, their high cost, or teething problems, among the most critical barriers, which would be solved with more research and information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Mateos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Desamparados Salvador
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela n° 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Fregapane
- Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Camilo José Cela n° 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Luis Goya
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), José Antonio Nováis 10, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Characteristics and Antioxidant Activity of Walnut Oil Using Various Pretreatment and Processing Technologies. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121698. [PMID: 35741896 PMCID: PMC9222277 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was the first time the effects of pretreatment technology (microwave roasting, MR; oven roasting, OR; steaming roasting, SR) and processing technology (screw pressing, SP; aqueous enzymatic extraction, AEE; subcritical butane extraction, SBE) on the quality (physicochemical properties, phytochemical content, and antioxidant ability) of walnut oil were systematically compared. The results showed that the roasting pretreatment would reduce the lipid yield of walnut oil and SBE (59.53−61.19%) was the processing method with the highest yield. SR-AEE oil provided higher acid value (2.49 mg/g) and peroxide value (4.16 mmol/kg), while MR-SP oil had the highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acid (73.69%), total tocopherol (419.85 mg/kg) and total phenolic compounds (TPC, 13.12 mg/kg). The DPPH-polar and ABTS free radicals’ scavenging abilities were accorded with SBE > AEE > SP. SBE is the recommended process for improving the extraction yield and antioxidant ability of walnut oil. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that processing technology had a greater impact on walnut oil than pretreatment technology. In addition, multiple linear regression revealed C18:0, δ-tocopherol and TPC had positive effects on the antioxidant ability of walnut oil, while C18:1n-9, C18:3n-3 and γ-tocopherol were negatively correlated with antioxidant activity. Thus, this a promising implication for walnut oil production.
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Żurek N, Pawłowska A, Pycia K, Grabek-Lejko D, Kapusta IT. Phenolic Profile and Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Antiproliferative Activity of Juglans regia L. Male Flowers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092762. [PMID: 35566113 PMCID: PMC9101975 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia L., walnut, is a large, long-living tree, cultivated in temperate climates around the world. It is highly appreciated for its nutritional kernels and high-quality timber. Its barks, leaves, and husk are used as dyes and in folk medicine as herbal remedies for several diseases. From a biological and chemical standpoint, relatively little is known about the male flowers of the tree. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the phenolic profile as well as in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiproliferative activity of male Juglans regia L. flowers. Phenolic content was determined by UPLC/PDA/MS/MS analyses; antioxidant activity was assessed by five different methods; antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the six most common pathogenic strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and antiproliferative properties were assessed against six cell lines. Most of the analyses carried out in this study were performed for the first time for this raw material. J. regia flower extract was characterized by a strong ability to scavenge DPPH˙ free radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and chelating metal ions. Among the examined bacterial strains and neoplastic lines, the strongest antimicrobial activity was shown against S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, and B. cereus, and cytotoxic activity against breast cancer, glioblastoma, and astrocytoma cells. Male J. regia flowers have also been found to be a rich source of phenolic compounds. The content of polyphenols in the extract was 4369.73 mg/100 g d.w., and 24 compounds from the group of flavonoids, phenolic acids, and juglunosides were identified. Additionally, a strong correlation between the content of polyphenols and the antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic activity was observed. This is why the tested J. regia flowers are an excellent source of effective natural antioxidant, antibacterial, and chemopreventive compounds that have potential to be used in the pharmaceutical or food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Żurek
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Agata Pawłowska
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Karolina Pycia
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
| | - Dorota Grabek-Lejko
- Department of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Ireneusz Tomasz Kapusta
- Department Food Technology and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 4 Zelwerowicza St., 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland; (N.Ż.); (A.P.); (K.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-17-785-5238
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30
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Polmann G, Badia V, Danielski R, Ferreira SRS, Block JM. Nuts and Nut-Based Products: A Meta-Analysis from Intake Health Benefits and Functional Characteristics from Recovered Constituents. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2045495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Polmann
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Badia
- Department of Food Engineering and Chemical Engineering, Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), Pinhalzinho, Brazil
| | - Renan Danielski
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | | | - Jane Mara Block
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
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31
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Mir SA, Shah MA, Mir MM, Sidiq T, Sunooj KV, Siddiqui MW, Marszałek K, Mousavi Khaneghah A. Recent developments for controlling microbial contamination of nuts. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:6710-6722. [PMID: 35170397 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2038077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the consumption of nuts has shown an increasing trend worldwide. Nuts are an essential part of several countries' economies as an excellent source of nutrients and bioactive compounds. They are contaminated by environmental factors, improper harvesting practices, inadequate packaging procedures, improper storage, and transportation. The longer storage time also leads to the greater chances of contamination from pathogenic fungi. Nuts are infected with Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes. Therefore, nuts are associated with a high risk of pathogens and mycotoxins, which demand the urgency of using techniques for enhancing microbial safety and shelf-life stability. Many techniques such as ozone, cold plasma, irradiation, radiofrequency have been explored for the decontamination of nuts. These techniques have different efficiencies for reducing the contamination depending on processing parameters, type of pathogen, and conditions of food material. This review provides insight into decontamination technologies for reducing microbial contamination from nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabir Ahmad Mir
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government College for Women, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Manzoor Ahamd Shah
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Government Degree College for Women, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Mohammad Maqbool Mir
- Division of Fruit Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Tahira Sidiq
- Department of Home Science, Government College for Women, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | | | - Mohammed Wasim Siddiqui
- Department of Food Science & Postharvest Technology, Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, India
| | - Krystian Marszałek
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of General Food Technology and Nutrition, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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32
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Reguengo LM, Salgaço MK, Sivieri K, Maróstica Júnior MR. Agro-industrial by-products: Valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110871. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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33
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Dhankhar J, Yadav M, Kundu P, Indumathi KP. Storage stability of almond paste fortified with almond skin as antioxidant. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Dhankhar
- Department of Food Technology Maharishi Dayanand University Rohtak Haryana India
| | - Meenu Yadav
- Department of Food Technology Maharishi Dayanand University Rohtak Haryana India
| | - Preeti Kundu
- Department of Food Technology Maharishi Dayanand University Rohtak Haryana India
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Liaquat M, Pasha I, Ahsin M, Salik A. Roasted fox nuts (Euryale Ferox L.) contain higher concentration of phenolics, flavonoids, minerals and antioxidants, and exhibit lower Glycemic Index (GI) in human subjects. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00081-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractFox nut (Euryale ferox) is categorized among superior quality foods because of its highly nutritious profile. It also serves as a good protein source for vegetarian diets. However, it is not widely consumed, due to soggy texture and bland flavor as compared to other nuts. In this study, we used roasting and seasoning to enhance its consumer acceptance. Furthermore, we have also compared biochemical, nutritional and physical properties of the roasted and unroasted fox nuts; and their Glycemic Index (GI) in human subjects. Results showed that roasting significantly (P ≤ 0.05) improved the minerals content (from 0.58 to 0.66%), protein content (from 11.40 to 14.57%), total phenolics (from 346.02 to 470.62 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (from 4.15 to 4.43 mg CE/g), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (from 48.54 to 79.13% inhibition) and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (from 662.46 to 957.14 μmol FeSO4/g). Consumer acceptance was evaluated with and without seasoning; both salt and spice seasoned roasted nuts had greater overall acceptability as compared to plain roasted and unroasted nuts. Fox nuts also reported low GI (37%) in human subjects (ethical approval #1772/01-06-2020). Thus, roasted fox nuts can be consumed as nutrient rich and low GI snack; not only as a component of healthy diet but can also be served to patients with metabolic disorders like obesity and diabetes.
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Verde A, Míguez JM, Leao-Martins JM, Gago-Martínez A, Gallardo M. Melatonin content in walnuts and other commercial nuts. Influence of cultivar, ripening and processing (roasting). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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36
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Huang M, Hayat K, Kurtz NC, Wu X, Ahmad M, Zheng F. Ultrasound-assisted alkaline proteinase extraction enhances the yield of pecan protein and modifies its functional properties. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 80:105789. [PMID: 34689068 PMCID: PMC8551211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To enhance the extraction yield of pecan protein and modify its functional properties, this study investigated whether both ultrasound and enzyme have a synergistic impact on the extraction of pecan (Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch) protein. The highest protein extraction rate (25.51%) was obtained under the conditions of 1415.43 W.cm-2, 15 min, pH 10.0, 50 °C, and 1% (w/w) alkaline proteinase. Owing to its high shear, mechanical energy and cavitation, the ultrasound process increased the solubility of the substrate making it readily accessible to the enzyme, thereby accelerating the chemical reaction and improving the yield of the protein. The optimized ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method (400 W, 20 kHz, 5 s/3s) effectively changed the secondary and tertiary structure of the pecan protein. The results of surface hydrophobicity, intrinsic fluorescence spectra, sulfhydryl content and scanning electron microscopy all indicated the unfolding of protein and exposure of hydrophobic groups and sulfhydryl groups. Moreover, the protein obtained by this method showed higher solubility (70.77%), higher emulsifying activity (120.56 m2/g), smaller particle size (326.7 nm), and better dispersion (0.305) than single ultrasound and non-ultrasound methods (p < 0.05). To conclude, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic method could be an appropriate technique to improve the yield and quality of the pecan protein. The study also provides a theoretical basis for the application of pecan protein in food processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; Key Laboratory of Lipid Resources Utilization and Children's Daily Chemicals, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Meigui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Khizar Hayat
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicole C Kurtz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA
| | - Mehraj Ahmad
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
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Polmann G, Badia V, Danielski R, Ferreira SRS, Block JM. Non-conventional nuts: An overview of reported composition and bioactivity and new approaches for its consumption and valorization of co-products. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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38
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Shen H, Hou Y, Xi M, Cai Y, Ao J, Wang J, Li M, Luo A. Electron beam irradiation enhanced extraction and antioxidant activity of active compounds in green walnut husk. Food Chem 2021; 373:131520. [PMID: 34753662 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Green walnut husk (GWH) contains abundant active compounds and is valued as a potential source of natural antioxidants. This study aimed at assessing the impact of electron beam irradiation (EBI) pretreatment on the extraction yield and antioxidant activity of active compounds in GWH. The ultrasonic extraction of active substances was optimized by response surface method (RSM). Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction revealed physical structure changes in GWH powder. After EBI pretreatment, the content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and triterpenes in GWH increased by 18.88%, 43.00%, and 11.08%, respectively. Irradiation doses up to 30 kGy, DPPH, OH, and ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power of the crude extract were enhanced by 9.56%, 15.62%, 15.60%, and 36.98%, respectively. This was significantly different (P < 0.05) than the non-irradiated GWH. Therefore, EBI is a new pretreatment technology with potential application in the extraction and utilization of GWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heyu Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yujie Hou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Meihua Xi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Yingying Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jingfang Ao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Mei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
| | - Anwei Luo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.
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Recent progress in the thermal treatment of oilseeds and oil oxidative stability: A review. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Study of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity of Spanish Almonds. Foods 2021; 10:foods10102334. [PMID: 34681383 PMCID: PMC8534883 DOI: 10.3390/foods10102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds have an important influence on fruit and nut quality. Almonds have been shown to be rich sources of phenolic compounds, which possess health-beneficial properties. The objectives of the study were to optimize an extraction method to determine the total amount of polyphenols, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins as well as the antioxidant capacity. In addition, the same extract was used for the identification and quantification of flavonoids by HPLC. The study was conducted on 11 Spanish almond genotypes. The results highlight the differences in the content of antioxidants, which add value to the quality of the fruit. It has been shown that genotype may strongly influence antioxidant capacity and total phenolic compounds. In this work, the almonds with higher results were (Belona, Guara and Vialfas) varieties.
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Morales-de la Peña M, Rábago-Panduro L, Martín-Belloso O, Welti-Chanes J. Challenges and Benefits of Using Pecan Kernels, Derivatives, and Byproducts as Alternative Ingredients in Food Product Development. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1961269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.M. Rábago-Panduro
- Escuela De Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro De Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Monterrey, México
- Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos – Centro AGROTECNIO, Universidad De Lleida, Lleida, España
| | - O. Martín-Belloso
- Escuela De Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro De Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Monterrey, México
- Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos – Centro AGROTECNIO, Universidad De Lleida, Lleida, España
| | - J. Welti-Chanes
- Escuela De Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro De Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Monterrey, México
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Enhanced Recovery of Phenolic and Tocopherolic Compounds from Walnut ( Juglans Regia L.) Male Flowers Based on Process Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted-Extraction: Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040607. [PMID: 33920912 PMCID: PMC8071334 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The extraction of bioactive compounds present in walnut (Juglans regia L.) male flowers (WMFs) was performed based on an experimental design using ultrasonic-assisted extraction. Solvent nature, extraction time, and water content were selected as experimental variables, and phenolic, flavonoidic, and condensed tannins contents and antioxidant properties were evaluated. Acetone was the solvent with the highest extraction performance, with the extracts obtained using this solvent displaying an increased concentration of bioactive compounds and increased antioxidant activities. For several extracts with high bioactive content, individual polyphenolic and tocopherolic compounds were evaluated by means of LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. The best extraction conditions for polyphenolic (2.86 mg gallic acid equivalents/g WMF) and tocopherolic compounds (29.4 µg/g WMF) were acetone with 40% water content (N20) and acetone with 20% water content (N15), respectively. Although the total tocopherol concentrations were lower than in other Juglans regia parts, most of the total tocopherol quantity was provided by the highly biologically active δ-tocopherol (84%). Significant quantities of quercetin (101.9 µg/g), hyperoside (2662.9 µg/g), quercitrin (405.7 µg/g), and isoquercitrin (1293.7 µg/g) were determined in WMF (N20). Both extracts inhibited the enzymatic activity of α-glucosidase and tyrosinase; however, an increased inhibition was observed for N20, the extract with the higher polyphenolic content. Conversely, N15 had higher anticancerous activity on the cell lines used, with a moderate selectivity towards the cancerous phenotype being observed for both extracts. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, both extracts displayed good antioxidant activities in cellular cultures, decreasing basal and H2O2-induced oxidative stress. This is the first characterization of both hydrophilic and lipophilic phytochemicals in WMF extracts. The outcomes of our study reveal that walnut male flowers have strong biological activities, thus justifying further research to demonstrate their usefulness in the food, pharmaceutical, and/or cosmetic industries.
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Verghese M, Willis S, Boateng J, Gomaa A, Kaur R. Effect of Food Processing on Antioxidant Potential, Availability, and Bioavailability. Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2021; 12:307-329. [PMID: 33492989 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-062420-105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidants are understood to play a key role in disease prevention; because of this, research and interest in these compounds are ever increasing. Antioxidative phytochemicals from natural sources are preferred, as some negative implications have been associated with synthetic antioxidants. Beans, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables, to name a few, are important sources of phytochemicals, which have purported health benefits. The aforementioned plant sources are reportedly rich in bioactive compounds, most of which undergo some form of processing (boiling, steaming, soaking) prior to consumption. This article briefly reviews selected plants (beans, nuts, seeds, fruits, and vegetables) and the effects of processing on the antioxidant potential, availability, and bioavailability of phytochemicals, with research from our laboratory and other studies determining the health benefits of and processing effects on bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Verghese
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama 35762-4900, USA;
| | - Shantrell Willis
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama 35762-4900, USA;
| | - Judith Boateng
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama 35762-4900, USA;
| | - Ahmed Gomaa
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama 35762-4900, USA;
| | - Rajwinder Kaur
- Department of Food and Animal Sciences, Alabama A&M University, Normal, Alabama 35762-4900, USA;
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Tu X, Wu B, Xie Y, Xu S, Wu Z, Lv X, Wei F, Du L, Chen H. A comprehensive study of raw and roasted macadamia nuts: Lipid profile, physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:1688-1697. [PMID: 33747479 PMCID: PMC7958573 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Macadamia nuts have high nutritional value and positive health attributes. Changes to the composition and availability of these compounds during roasting contribute to product quality. In this study, changes to the chemical composition of lipids (fatty acids, triglycerides, and free fatty acids) and other phytochemicals were analyzed, and a sensory evaluation was carried out of two major varieties of macadamia nuts planted in China, after roasting. Only small changes in fatty acid (FA) content and a slight decrease in total triglycerides (TAGs) were observed after roasting. The free fatty acid (FFA) content and the peroxide value were increased by roasting. The total available polyphenol content increased by 25.6% and the oxidative stability index of kernels increased by 21.6%. The sensory scores for taste and aroma were doubled by roasting. Overall, the sensory, nutritional quality, and oxidative stability of roasted macadamia nuts were greatly improved, compared with raw nuts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing‐Hao Tu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
- South Subtropical Crop Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit BiologyMinistry of AgricultureZhanjiangChina
| | - Bang‐fu Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
| | - Ya Xie
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
| | - Shu‐Ling Xu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
| | - Zong‐Yuan Wu
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
| | - Xin Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
| | - Li‐Qing Du
- South Subtropical Crop Research InstituteChinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science/Key Laboratory of Tropical Fruit BiologyMinistry of AgricultureZhanjiangChina
| | - Hong Chen
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing of Ministry of Agriculture and Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and NutritionWuhanChina
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45
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Tsamo AT, Mohammed M, Dakora FD. Metabolite Fingerprinting of Kersting's Groundnut [ Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Maréchal & Baudet] Seeds Using UPLC-qTOF-MS Reveals the Nutraceutical and Antioxidant Potentials of the Orphan Legume. Front Nutr 2021; 7:593436. [PMID: 33385005 PMCID: PMC7770220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.593436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and subsequent quantification of phenolic compounds in plants is the first step toward harnessing their associated nutritional and health benefits. Due to their diverse phenolic compound compositions, grain legumes are known for their high nutritional and health values. The aim of this study was to assess the inter-variations in chemical composition, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity of seed extracts from eight Kersting's groundnut [Macrotyloma geocarpum (Harms) Marechal & Baudet] landraces. The chemical profiles were evaluated using UPLC-qTOF-MS. Total phenolics and flavonoids content were determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. The antioxidant capacities in the forms of DPPH and ABTS were evaluated using spectrophotometric methods. Principal component analysis was used to define similarities/differences between the landraces. Based on untargeted metabolomics analysis, 57 metabolites were identified, with phenolics, triterpenes, fatty acids, and sphingolipids being the most predominant. The results showed that the black seeded KG1 (Puffeun) had the highest total phenolic (9.44 mg GAE/g) and flavonoid (3.01 mg QE/g) contents, as well as antioxidant capacity (9.17 μg/mL and 18.44 μg/mL based on DDPH and ABTS assays, respectively). The concentrations of ferulic acid hexoside, procyanidin B2, eryodictyiol-7-rutinoside and quercetin pentoside ranged from 51.78–441.31, 1.86–18.25, 3.26–13.95 to 5.44–63.85 μg/mg, respectively. This study presents a useful report on the phytochemical characterization of Kersting's groundnuts and shows that the grains can be used as a source of nutraceuticals for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle Tontsa Tsamo
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Yaoundé I, Yaounde, Cameroon.,Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Mustapha Mohammed
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.,Department of Crop Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Felix Dapare Dakora
- Department of Chemistry, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
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46
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Amarowicz R, Pegg RB. Tree Nuts and Peanuts as a Source of Natural Antioxidants in our Daily Diet. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1898-1916. [PMID: 32186272 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200318125620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tree nuts and peanuts are healthy foods with a proven track record of helping to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases, most notably cardiovascular disease. At the point of consumption, all nuts contain low moisture and ≥ 50% lipid contents, but this is where similarities end. The levels of key nutrients and bioactives including vitamin C, vitamin E, L-arginine, minerals (such as selenium and zinc), and phenolics can differ markedly. Distinctions in the types and quantities of phenolic constituents for tree nut species, as well as the impact of digestion, will affect the nuts' antioxidant potential in vivo. This work provides some insight into the different types of phenolics found in tree nuts and peanuts, the antioxidant potential of their phenolic extracts using in vitro chemical assays, the effect of thermal processing on the stability of the nuts' endogenous phenolics, and the impact on biomarkers of human health arising from randomized clinical trials. Key biomarkers include measures in the reduction of LDL oxidation as well as increases in the levels of vitamin E and selected phenolic compounds in blood plasma postprandially from those of baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ronald B Pegg
- Department of Food Science & Technology, The University of Georgia, 100 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602-2610, United States
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47
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Deficit Irrigation as a Suitable Strategy to Enhance the Nutritional Composition of HydroSOS Almonds. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12123336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is one of the most water-scarce areas worldwide and is considered a climate-change hotspot. To assure the viability and competitiveness of irrigated agriculture, it is vital to implement strategies that can maximize water saving without compromising yield. Deficit irrigation (DI) for cultivating drought-tolerant species such as almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb) can help in achieving this goal, while at the same time improving fruit chemical composition. This work evaluated the effect of DI techniques and cultivars on the chemical composition of almonds (cvs. Marta, Guara, and Lauranne) in order to elucidate the most suitable irrigation dose under water-scarcity scenarios. Three irrigation regimes were imposed: a control treatment (FI), which was fully irrigated, receiving 100% of the irrigation requirement (IR), and two sustained-deficit irrigation (SDI) strategies that received 75% (SDI75) and 65% (SDI65) of IR. Significant differences among cultivars and irrigation treatments were observed for antioxidant activity and organic acid, sugar, and fatty acid content, which were increased by the SDI strategies. In addition, highly significant correlations were found between leaf-water potential and components such as fumaric acid, sugars, and fatty acids. In terms of the cultivars, cv. Marta showed the highest antioxidant activity, cv. Guara was the richest in organic acids, and cv. Lauranne had the highest fatty acid content. Consequently, SDI strategies improved almond quality parameters related to their nutritional and sensory composition, with significant water savings (reductions of 25–35%) and without important yield loss.
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Renna M, Lussiana C, Malfatto V, Gerbelle M, Turille G, Medana C, Ghirardello D, Mimosi A, Cornale P. Evaluating the Suitability of Hazelnut Skin as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091653. [PMID: 32938019 PMCID: PMC7552223 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Agriculture is estimated to generate about 700 million tons of waste annually in the Eurpoean Union (EU). Most of the by-products derived from the agricultural industry become organic waste, thus resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds and causing environmental and economic issues. Increasing the efficiency of waste management is a major global challenge that must be met in order to minimize the abovementioned negative impacts. Some agro-industrial by-products can be valorized by their inclusion in feed formulations. Hazelnut skin is a by-product of the hazelnut industry. It is a good source of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E. In this study, we evaluated the productive performance of dairy cows in response to the inclusion of hazelnut skin in the diet. We observed no effects of hazelnut skin on either the milk production level or fat and protein contents. The oleic acid concentration in milk was strongly increased by including hazelnut skin in the cows’ diet. Improvements in the antioxidant activity and sustainability of milk production in terms of food–feed competition were also observed. These results are of practical application for feed manufacturers and farmers, as they support the inclusion of sustainable and low-cost feed ingredients in ruminant diets, with the aim of supporting the expected increase in livestock production in the upcoming years. Abstract Hazelnut skin (HS) was evaluated as a source of nutrients for dairy cows. In total, 26 Aosta Red Pied cows were divided into two balanced groups. All cows were fed hay ad libitum. The control group was also given 6 kg of concentrate, while the hazelnut skin group (HAZ) was given 1 kg of the same concentrate that was substituted by 1 kg of HS. The dry matter intake of the cows was reduced by the dietary inclusion of HS (p ≤ 0.001). The milk yield and main constituents were unaffected by treatment. Milk from HAZ cows showed decreased concentrations of de novo saturated fatty acids (FAs), odd- and branched-chain FA, α-linolenic acid, and long-chain n-3 FAs, as well as increased concentrations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, total monounsaturated FAs, trans biohydrogenation intermediates, and α–tocopherol. Replacing the concentrate with HS increased the human-inedible feed quota in the diet and improved the sustainability of milk production in terms of the food-feed competition. Our results suggest that it is possible to add economic value to organic waste from the hazelnut industry using HS as a feed ingredient for dairy cows, enhancing the feed efficiency and milk antioxidant activity and having expected impacts on the nutraceutical quality of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-8023
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Vanda Malfatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Germano Turille
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (M.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ghirardello
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
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Combined treatment of nut by-product extracts and peracetic acid against Listeria monocytogenes on red mustard and kale leaves. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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50
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Galali Y, Omar ZA, Sajadi SM. Biologically active components in by-products of food processing. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3004-3022. [PMID: 32724565 PMCID: PMC7382179 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Food by-products happen at various stages of production and processing at home and on commercial scales. In the recent years, because of the fast-growing food companies and production, food processing by-products have gained a lot of interest and attracted many technical and health professionals as well as policy makers internally and internationally. Also, concerns are increasing about food by-products due to their ecological and environmental impact on the planet. This is particularly of concern when large companies emit. Large quantities of food by-products are thrown into environment in which they can be exploited technically, medicinally, and pharmaceutically. This is due to their chemical component and biologically active compounds of the by-products. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on the food by-product biological compounds present in different parts of the food products, particularly in some common foods such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products, meat, eggs, nuts, coffee, and tea. Moreover, the review also explains the kind of biologically active compounds and their quantity not just in edible foods, but also in part and types of the by-product which then can be reused and recycled into different processes in order to extract and get benefit from.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Galali
- Food Technology DepartmentCollege of Agricultural Engineering SciencesSalahaddin University‐ErbilErbilKRG‐Iraq
- Department of NutritionCihan University‐ErbilErbilIraq
| | - Zagros A. Omar
- Department of PhytochemistryScientific Research CentreSoran UniversitySoranIraq
- Department of PharmacyRwanduz Private Technical InstituteRwandusIraq
| | - S. Mohammad Sajadi
- Department of PhytochemistryScientific Research CentreSoran UniversitySoranIraq
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