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Hong C, Wang X, Xu J, Guo J, Peng H, Zhang Y. A Review: Pharmacological Effect of Natural Compounds in Diospyros kaki Leaves from the Perspective of Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2023; 29:215. [PMID: 38202798 PMCID: PMC10780463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidant levels. Current research suggests that oxidative stress is one of the key factors in the development of many chronic diseases, and it has been a concern for many years. Many natural compounds have been studied for their special free-radical-scavenging properties. The major chemical constituents of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are flavonoids and triterpenoids, both of which are potential antioxidants that can prevent damage caused by reactive oxygen species or reactive nitrogen species and ameliorate diseases associated with oxidative stress. In addition to the major constituents such as flavonoids and triterpenoids, the leaves of Diospyros kaki include compounds such as phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids, and terpenes. Studies have shown these compounds have certain antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. Experiments have shown that flavonoids or the extracts from the leaves of Diospyros kaki have a variety of good pharmacological activities, which could activate oxidative stress and mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit the proliferation of human prostate cancer cells and induce apoptosis. It also could achieve the effect of anti-cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis by regulating oxidative stress. The main chemical substance of the leaves of Diospyros kaki regulating oxidative stress may be these multi-hydroxyl structure compounds. These natural products exhibit significant antioxidant activity and are an important basis for the leaves of Diospyros kaki to treat human diseases by regulating oxidative stress. This review summarizes the structural types of natural products in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and elaborates the mechanism of the leaves of Diospyros kaki in neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, renal protection, retinal degenerative diseases, and anti-cancer from a new perspective of oxidative stress, including how it supplements other pharmacological effects. The chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of the leaves of Diospyros kaki are summarized in this paper. The relationship between the chemical components in the leaves of Diospyros kaki and their pharmacological effects is summarized from the perspective of oxidative stress. This review provides a reference for the study of natural anti-oxidative stress drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hong
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China;
| | - Jianjian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
- Lonch Group Wanrong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Yuncheng 100176, China
| | - Jianxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Houlin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Chemistry-Based Natural Antitumor Drug Research & Development, School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; (C.H.); (J.X.); (J.G.); (H.P.)
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Liu Y, Ran L, Wang Y, Wan P, Zhou H. Basic characterization, antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of polysaccharides from sea buckthorn leaves. Fitoterapia 2023; 169:105592. [PMID: 37343686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharides from Sea buckthorn leaves (SBLPs) were extracted by hot water and purified by DEAE cellulose, then separated into six polysaccharides (SBLP-S) by DEAE-52 column. Six separated polysaccharides were characterized by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectrum, High Performance Liquid Chromatographic and Congo red analysis. The antioxidant activity and immunological activity were investigated in vitro. The results revealed that the monosaccharide composition of SBLP-S-1, SBLP-S-2, SBLP-S-3, SBLP-S-5 and SBLP-S-6 contained Man, GlcN, Rib, Rha, GluA, GalA, Glu, Gal, Xyl, Ara and Fuc, among them, rare glucosamine was found. And SBLP-S-4 contained all above components except GlcN and GluA. FT-IR showed that SBLP-S were sulfated polysaccharide containing uronic acid. Molecular weights of SBLP-S were 338.659, 401.305, 599.849, 393.904, 626.895 and 176.862 kDa. The Congo-red test indicated that SBLP-S-2, SBLP-S-4, SBLP-S-5, and SBLP-S-6 had triple helix conformation. Crude polysaccharides had the strong scavenging activities on DPPH radicals, ABTS radicals and hydroxyl radicals. The six polysaccharides had the activity of immune stimulation on RAW264.7 cell. SBLP-S-2 promoted the phagocytosis best and SBLP-S-6 promoted the NO production best. The results suggested that SBLPs could be used as potential antioxidants and immunomodulatory agents in pharmaceutical and functional food fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Limei Ran
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Peng Wan
- Department of Physiology, Jilin Medical College, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China.
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Kakar MU, Karim H, Shabir G, Iqbal I, Akram M, Ahmad S, Shafi M, Gul P, Riaz S, Rehman R, Salari H. A review on extraction, composition, structure, and biological activities of polysaccharides from different parts of Nelumbo nucifera. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:3655-3674. [PMID: 37457175 PMCID: PMC10345683 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nelumbo nucifera (lotus plant) is an important member of the Nelumbonaceae family. This review summarizes the studies conducted on it since the past 15 years to provide an understanding on future areas of focus. Different parts of this plant, that is, leaves, roots, and seeds, have been used as food and for the treatment of various diseases. Polysaccharides have been extracted from different parts using different methods. The manuscript reviews the methods of extraction of polysaccharides used for leaves, roots, and seeds, along with their yield. Some methods can provide better yield while some provide better biological activity with low yield. The composition and structure of extracted polysaccharides have been determined in some studies. Although monosaccharide composition has been determined in various studies, too little information about the structure of polysaccharides from N. nucifera is available in the current literature. Different useful biological activities have been explored using in vivo and in vitro methods, which include antioxidant, antidiabetic, antitumor, anti-osteoporotic, immunomodulatory, and prebiotic activities. Antitumor activity from polysaccharides of lotus leaves is yet to be explored, besides lotus root has been underexplored as compared to other parts (leaves and seeds) according to our literature survey. Studies dedicated to the successful use of combination of extraction methods can be conducted in future. The plant provides a therapeutic as well as nutraceutical potential; however, antimicrobial activity and synergistic relationships of polysaccharides from different parts of the plant need further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohib Ullah Kakar
- Faculty of Marine SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Hammad Karim
- Sheikh Zayed Medical CollegeRahim Yar KhanPunjabPakistan
| | | | - Imran Iqbal
- Department of Information and Computational SciencesSchool of Mathematical Sciences and LMAMPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Life Sciences, School of ScienceUniversity of Management and Technology (UMT)LahorePakistan
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafi
- Faculty of Marine SciencesLasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences (LUAWMS)UthalBalochistanPakistan
| | - Pari Gul
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of BalochistanQuettaPakistan
| | - Sania Riaz
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiosciencesCapital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
| | - Rizwan‐ur‐ Rehman
- Department of Bioinformatics and BiosciencesCapital University of Science and TechnologyIslamabadPakistan
| | - Hamid Salari
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of AgricultureKabul UniversityKabulAfghanistan
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Li Q, Zhao T, Mao G, Feng W, Chen Y, Zou T, Yang L, Qian JY. A Se-enriched Grifola frondosa polysaccharide induces macrophage activation by TLR4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124108. [PMID: 36958440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Se-polysaccharide (Se-GFP-22) from Se-enriched Grifola frondosa has double and cooperative activities of polysaccharide and Se. To delineate the underlying mechanism and signaling cascade involved in immune-stimulatory property of Se-GFP-22, the production of cellular mediators and key proteins in signaling pathway was examined. Results showed that Se-GFP-22 exhibited no cytotoxic and had a high capacity to promote macrophage phagocytosis, up-regulate interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and nitric oxide (NO) productions, as well as the relative messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions. In Se-GFP-22-induced macrophages, intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly increased to protect cells from oxidative injury. However, Se-GFP-22 induced macrophage activation was suppressed when the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway was blocked by a specific TLR4 inhibitor. According to the western blot analysis and the use of specific inhibitors against the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway, we speculated that Se-GFP-22 activated RAW264.7 macrophages through the TLR4-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a molecular basis for the potential of Se-GFP-22 as a novel immune-stimulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Chen
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Road 301, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ya Qian
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Huayang Xilu 196, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225127, People's Republic of China.
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Kim SJ, Baek SH, Kang KS, Shin MS. Characterization of macrophage activation after treatment with polysaccharides from ginseng according to heat processing. APPLIED BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 2023; 66:15. [PMID: 36874224 PMCID: PMC9958326 DOI: 10.1186/s13765-023-00774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide persistence of infectious diseases is a significant public health issue. Consequently, studying immunomodulatory ingredients present in natural products, such as ginseng, is important for developing new treatment options. Here, we extracted three different types of polysaccharides from white (P-WG), red (P-RG), and heat-processed (P-HPG) ginseng and analyzed their chemical properties and immunostimulatory activity against RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Carbohydrates were the main components of all three polysaccharide types, while uronic acid and protein levels were relatively low. Chemical analysis indicated that the content of carbohydrates (total sugar) increased with processing temperature, while that of uronic acid decreased. Treatment with P-WG, P-RG or P-HPG stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and increased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages, with P-WG showing the highest activity among the three polysaccharides. The expression of inducible NO synthase, which affects NO secretion, was highest in the macrophages treated with P-WG. Analysis of intracellular signaling pathways showed that mitogen-activated protein kinases (ERK, JNK, and p38) and NF-kB p65 were strongly phosphorylated by P-WG in macrophages but were only moderately phosphorylated by P-RG and P-HPG. Collectively, these results suggest that the polysaccharides isolated from ginseng undergo different changes in response to heat processing and display different chemical compositions and immune-enhancing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Jin Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Baek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (RIPST), Ajou University, Suwon, 16499 Korea
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Korea
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Hossain A, Shahidi F. Persimmon Leaves: Nutritional, Pharmaceutical, and Industrial Potential-A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:937. [PMID: 36840285 PMCID: PMC9965245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon is a delicious fruit, and its leaves are considered a valuable ingredient in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Traditionally, persimmon leaves (PL) are used as a functional tea in Asian culture to cure different ailments, and are also incorporated into various food and cosmeceutical products as a functional ingredient. PL mainly contain flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides, along with other constituents such as carotenoids, organic acids, chlorophylls, vitamin C, and minerals. The major phenolic compounds in PL are proanthocyanidins, quercetin, isoquercetin, catechin, flavonol glucosides, and kaempferol. Meanwhile, ursolic acid, rotungenic acid, barbinervic acid, and uvaol are the principal terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-tyrosinase, antiallergic, and antiglaucoma properties. This review summarizes the latest information on PL, mainly distribution, traditional uses, industrial potential, and bioactive compounds, as well as their potential action mechanisms in exhibiting biological activities. In addition, the effect of seasonality and geographical locations on the content and function of these biomolecules are discussed.
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Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of a polysaccharide from the lignified okra. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 265:118081. [PMID: 33966845 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharide (AP1-b) of molecular weight 6.59 × 105 Da was isolated from lignified okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) by hot-water extraction, 40 % ethanol precipitation and purified by DEAE Cellulose chromatography, respectively. The structure and anti-inflammatory activity of AP1-b were investigated. AP1-b was composed of galactose, rhamnose, gluctose, arabinose and galacturonic acid in a molar ratio of 1.98:1.00:0.15:0.32:0.29. The structural features showed that the AP1-b consisted of →2)-α-d-Rhap-(1→, →4)-β-d-Galp-(1→, →4)-α-d-GalpA-(1→, →6)-β-d-Galp-(1→, β-d-Glcp-(1→ and α-l-Araf-(1→. AP1-b could observably improve the inflammatory injury of LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the secretion of NO and decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-α). AP1-b also inhibited the phosphorylation levels of IκB and p65 proteins, manifesting the anti-inflammatory activity of AP1-b may associated with inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, AP1-b had potential value in treating inflammatory injury.
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Park JY, Shin MS. Inhibitory Effects of Pectic Polysaccharide Isolated from Diospyros kaki Leaves on Tumor Cell Angiogenesis via VEGF and MMP-9 Regulation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:polym13010064. [PMID: 33375243 PMCID: PMC7795685 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon leaves are an attractive source of phytochemicals with potential health benefits. However, there are only a few reports on the chemical properties and biological activity of the polysaccharide fractions (PLE-I-III) of persimmon leaves. We evaluated the angiogenesis-inhibiting ability of pectic-polysaccharides. The molecular weight of PLEs was determined using a high-performance size-exclusion chromatography system. Tube formation assay of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was performed using Matrigel-coated 96-well plates. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), PI3K, Akt, and p38 phosphorylation levels were determined using Western blotting; VEGF and MMP-9 transcript levels were measured using SYBR Green qRT-PCR. PLE-I-III significantly inhibited HUVEC tube formation at 12.5 and 25 μg/mL. Among them, PLE-II showed the strongest anti-tube formation activity, and the mRNA/protein expression of angiogenesis-related factors (VEGF/MMP-9) was significantly reduced by PLE-II. PLE-II also suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT and p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 in HUVECs. These results suggest that the polysaccharide PLE-II isolated from persimmon leaves inhibited VEGF and MMP-9 expression in HUVECs via regulation of PI3K/AKT, p38, JNK, and NF-κB p65 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yeon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyonggi University, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Korea;
| | - Myoung-Sook Shin
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-750-5423
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Lim WC, Choi JW, Song NE, Cho CW, Rhee YK, Hong HD. Polysaccharide isolated from persimmon leaves (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) suppresses TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in A549 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3835-3845. [PMID: 32835798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, to verify the effect of polysaccharides derived from persimmon leaves (PLE) at epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), A549 cells were treated with TGF-β1 alone or co-treated with TGF-β1 and PLE (50 and 75 μg/mL). PLE-treated cells showed higher expression of E-cadherin and lower expression of N-cadherin and vimentin compared to TGF-β1-treated cells by inhibiting the levels of transcription factors, including Snail, Slug, and ZEB1, all associated with EMT. PLE also significantly decreased migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance through TGF-β1 mediated EMT suppression, whereby PLE inhibited the levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 while cleaving PARP. These inhibitory effects of PLE against EMT, migration, invasion, and anoikis resistance were determined by activating the canonical SMAD2/3 and non-canonical ERK/p38 signaling pathways. Therefore, these results suggest that PLE could be used as a potential chemical therapeutic agent for early metastasis of lung cancer in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Chul Lim
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woong Choi
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Nho-Eul Song
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Cho
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Research Group of Traditional Food, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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Wufuer R, Bai J, Liu Z, Zhou K, Taoerdahong H. Biological activity of Brassica rapa L. polysaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and on tumor cells. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115330. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Meng M, Wang H, Li Z, Guo M, Hou L. Protective effects of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression to TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB signalling in BALB/c mice. Food Funct 2019; 10:3262-3271. [PMID: 31089650 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00482c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are closely associated with immune regulation. In this study, the aim was to investigate the effect of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia (PPS) in cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunodeficient mice. Compared with the CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice, the spleen and thymus indexes in mice with orally administered PPS were significantly increased, body weight loss was alleviated, and the natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and proliferative activities of the lymphocytes were elevated. The recovery of peripheral white blood cells, red blood cells, hemoglobins and platelets was accelerated. Furthermore, the results from ELISA showed that PPS could up-regulate the serum levels of IL-2, IL-12, IFN-γ and IgG, and reduce the level of TGF-β. Histopathological analysis of the spleen revealed the protective effect of PPS against CTX-induced immunosuppression. Western blotting results showed that PPS possessed immunomodulatory activity via TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB signalling pathways. Finally, the intestinal absorption of PPS was poor, as detected in the Caco-2 transwell system. Taken together, these findings suggest that PPS plays a crucial role in protection against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-treated mice and could be a potential candidate for use in immune therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29, 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economy Technological Development Area, Tianjin 300457, People Republic of China.
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Park HR, Lee SJ, Im SB, Shin MS, Choi HJ, Park HY, Shin KS. Signaling pathway and structural features of macrophage-activating pectic polysaccharide from Korean citrus, Cheongkyool peels. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 137:657-665. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Meng M, Guo M, Feng C, Wang R, Cheng D, Wang C. Water-soluble polysaccharides from Grifola Frondosa fruiting bodies protect against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-induced mice via JAK2/STAT3/SOCS signal transduction pathways. Food Funct 2019; 10:4998-5007. [PMID: 31355400 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02062k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Grifola Frondosa, the king of mushrooms, is one of the most valued traditional medicines and has been used as a health food for a long time in China, Japan, and other Asian countries. The present study was designed to evaluate the immune-modulating effects of water-soluble polysaccharides from the Grifola Frondosa fruiting body (GFP) by using mouse peritoneal macrophage and cytoxan (CTX) induced immunosuppression models. Compared with CTX-induced immunosuppressive mice, the spleen and thymus indexes in mice with GFP orally administrated were significantly increased, body weight loss was alleviated, and the natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity and the proliferative activities of lymphocytes were elevated. Furthermore, levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were notably reduced by CTX, while GFP abolished these effects. GFP also effectively increased total antioxidant capacity and superoxidase dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and inhibited an increase in the malondialdehyde level. Histopathological analysis of spleens revealed the protective effect of GFP against CTX-induced immunosuppression. Western blotting results showed that GFP possessed immunomodulatory activity by up-regulating transcription factors (p-JAK2/JAK2, p-STAT3/STAT3 and SOCS3) in JAK2/STAT3/SOCS signaling pathways. This study suggested that GFP may provide an alternative strategy for lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China.
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Kim HW, Shin MS, Lee SJ, Park HR, Jee HS, Yoon TJ, Shin KS. Signaling pathways associated with macrophage-activating polysaccharides purified from fermented barley. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 131:1084-1091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Song YR, Han AR, Lim TG, Lee EJ, Hong HD. Isolation, purification, and characterization of novel polysaccharides from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaves and their immunostimulatory effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 128:546-555. [PMID: 30685309 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a crude water-soluble polysaccharide (LLWP-C) was extracted from lotus leaves and further purified by size exclusion chromatography, to obtain the two main polysaccharides, LLWP-1 and LLWP-3. Physical and chemical analyses showed that they were homogeneous polysaccharides in β-type glycosidic linkage. LLWP-1 was devoid of helical conformation, had a molecular weight of 85.1 kDa and was mainly composed of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glu, and GalA in a molar ratio of 7.0:24.8:28.0:6.0:26.4. LLWP-3 showed a helical conformation, had a molecular weight of 12.5 kDa and consisted mainly of Rha, Ara, Gal, Glu, Man, and GalA in a molar ratio of 6.6:9.8:15.0:8.9:6.1:47.2. It was demonstrated that LLWP-C and both purified LLWP-1 and LLWP-3 could effectively enhance the proliferation, phagocytosis, nitric oxide (NO), and cytokine secretions by activating corresponding mRNA expression in macrophages, via MAPK and NF-κB pathways. LLWP-3 displayed the greatest immunostimulatory potential, followed by LLWP-1 and LLWP-C. These findings suggest that polysaccharides extracted from lotus leaf exert immunostimulatory activity that could be further investigated to develop functional foods and natural immunopotentiating therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Ran Song
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Ram Han
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Do Hong
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do 55365, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Discrimination of Structural and Immunological Features of Polysaccharides from Persimmon Leaves at Different Maturity Stages. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24020356. [PMID: 30669480 PMCID: PMC6359638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated changes in the structural and immunological features of polysaccharides (S1-PLE0, S2-PLE0, and S3-PLE0) extracted from persimmon leaves at three different growth stages. Physicochemical analyses revealed that their chemical compositions, molecular weight distributions, and linkage types differed. High-performance size-exclusion chromatograms showed that the molecular weights of the polysaccharides increased during successive growth stages. In addition, seasonal variation of persimmon leaves affected the sugar compositions and glycosidic linkages in the polysaccharides. S2-PLE0 was composed of comparatively more galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galacturonic acid, showing the presence of β-glucopyranoside linkages. Significant differences also occurred in their immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages, with respect to which their activities could be ordered as S2-PLE0 > S3-PLE0 > S1-PLE0. Evidently, S2-PLE0 showed the greatest immunostimulatory activity by enhancing the phagocytic capacity and promoting nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines secretion through the upregulation of their gene expression in macrophages. These results suggest that differences in the structural features of polysaccharides according to the different maturity of persimmon leaves might impact their immunostimulatory properties. The results also provide a basis for optimizing persimmon leaf cultivation strategies for food and medical uses of the polysaccharides.
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17
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Li Q, Chen G, Chen H, Zhang W, Ding Y, Yu P, Zhao T, Mao G, Feng W, Yang L, Wu X. Se-enriched G. frondosa polysaccharide protects against immunosuppression in cyclophosphamide-induced mice via MAPKs signal transduction pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 196:445-456. [PMID: 29891317 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To assess the immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities of a Se-polysaccharide from Se-enriched G. frondosa (Se-GFP-22), immunosuppressed mice models were generated by cyclophosphamide (CTX) administration and then treated with Se-GFP-22. Results showed that Se-GFP-22 could increase thymus and spleen indices, phagocytic index, co-mitogenic (ConA- or LPS-stimulated) activities on splenocytes, DTH reaction, serum hemolysin formation and immunoglobulin (Ig G, Ig A and Ig M) levels in CTX-treated mice. Se-GFP-22 significantly enhanced the antioxidant activity in CTX-treated mice, as shown by the evaluation of GSH-Px, SOD and CAT activities, as well as MDA levels in serum, liver and kidney. Se-GFP-22 strongly stimulated inflammatory cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) and NO productions by up-regulating mRNA expressions of IL-2, IFN-γ and iNOS. Se-GFP-22 possessed the immunomodulatory activity by up-regulating various transcription factors (JNK, ERK, and p38) in MAPKs signaling pathways. This study suggested that Se-GFP-22 may provide an alternative strategy in lessening chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guangying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicinal Plant Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hainan Normal University, Longkun Rd. 99, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yangyang Ding
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liuqing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- School of the Environment, Jiangsu University, Xuefu Rd. 301, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu, China.
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18
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Wang DD, Pan WJ, Mehmood S, Cheng XD, Chen Y. Polysaccharide isolated from Sarcodon aspratus induces RAW264.7 activity via TLR4-mediated NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 120:1039-1047. [PMID: 30171950 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our previous report showed that the novel polysaccharide SAP isolated from the fruiting bodies of Sarcodon aspratus induced Hela cells apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study we found that SAP enhanced immunostimulatory activities of RAW264.7 cells, which was characterized by increased the production of nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines and phagocytic. However, SAP-induced macrophage activation was abolished when Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling was blocked by anti-TLR4 antibodies. Moreover, according to the Western blot analysis and use of specific inhibitors against the MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and NF-κB (nuclear factor-κB), we speculated that SAP activated RAW264.7 cells through TLR4-mediated activation of NF-κB and MAPKs pathways. Thus, Sarcodon aspratus is a potential immunomodulator that can be used as healthcare food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Wen-Juan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | | | - Xiao-Du Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Modern Biomanufacturing, Hefei 230601, China.
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19
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Anti-Osteoporotic Effects of Polysaccharides Isolated from Persimmon Leaves via Osteoclastogenesis Inhibition. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070901. [PMID: 30011853 PMCID: PMC6073770 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) leaves have traditionally been used as a phytomedicine, in health beverages to treat cardiovascular and respiratory disease and to promote maternal health in East Asia. In particular, polysaccharides from persimmon are known to have anti-coagulant, anti-oxidant, and immune-stimulatory activities. However, their beneficial effects against osteoporosis have not been reported. In the present study, we investigated the anti-osteoporotic effects of polysaccharides from persimmon leaves (PLE0) using an in vivo model of ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss and an in vitro system of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. In the OVX mouse model, PLE0 remarkably improved OVX-induced trabecular bone loss by suppressing osteoclast activity. In primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), PLE0 dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast differentiation. In addition, PLE0 down-regulated RANKL-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) such as p38, ERK, and JNK resulting in suppression of nuclear factor of activated T cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) expression. Our results indicate that PLE0 has anti-osteoporotic effects in OVX-induced bone loss via inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, PLE0 from persimmon may prevent postmenopausal bone loss and osteoporotic bone fragility.
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20
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Tan H, Chen W, Liu Q, Yang G, Li K. Pectin Oligosaccharides Ameliorate Colon Cancer by Regulating Oxidative Stress- and Inflammation-Activated Signaling Pathways. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1504. [PMID: 30013563 PMCID: PMC6036268 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer (CC) is the third common neoplasm worldwide, and it is still a big challenge for exploring new effective medicine for treating CC. Natural product promoting human health has become a hot topic and attracted many researchers recently. Pectin, a complex polysaccharide in plant cell wall, mainly consists of four major types of polysaccharides: homogalacturonan, xylogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and II, all of which can be degraded into various pectin oligosaccharides (POS) and may provide abundant resource for exploring potential anticancer drugs. POS have been regarded as a novel class of potential functional food with multiple health-promoting properties. POS have antibacterial activities against some aggressive and recurrent bacterial infection and exert beneficial immunomodulation for controlling CC risk. However, the molecular functional role of POS in the prevention of CC risk and progression remains doubtful. The review focuses on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory roles of POS for promoting human health by regulating some potential oxidative and inflammation-activated pathways, such as ATP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. The activation of these signaling pathways increases the antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities, which will result in the apoptosis of CC cells or in the prevention of CC risk and progression. Thus, POS may inhibit CC development by affecting antioxidant and antiinflammatory signaling pathways AMPK, Nrf2, and NF-κB. However, POS also can activate signal transduction and transcriptional activator 1 and 3 signaling pathway, which will reduce antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and promote CC progression. Specific structural and structurally modified POS may be associated with their functions and should be deeply explored in the future. The present review paper lacks the important information for the linkage between the specific structure of POS and its function. To further explore the effects of prebiotic potential of POS and their derivatives on human immunomodulation in the prevention of CC, the specific POS with a certain degree of polymerization or purified polymers are highly demanded to be performed in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Tan
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Qishun Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Guojun Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Kuikui Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrates, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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21
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Molecular mechanisms of immunomodulatory activity by polysaccharide isolated from the peels of Citrus unshiu. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 112:576-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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22
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Wang JH, Zhang YD, Luo JP. Structure elucidation of a pectin from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. and its immunological activity. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1445031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Food Hydrocolloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ya-Di Zhang
- Laboratory of Food Hydrocolloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jian-Ping Luo
- Laboratory of Food Hydrocolloids, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, PR China
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23
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Wei C, He P, He L, Ye X, Cheng J, Wang Y, Li W, Liu Y. Structure characterization and biological activities of a pectic polysaccharide from cupule of Castanea henryi. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 109:65-75. [PMID: 29248551 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A pectic polysaccharide (CHIP3) was fractionated from the natural cupule of Castanea henryi. It contained mannose (10.70%), rhamnose (8.70%), galacturonic acid (38.21%), galactose (13.75%) and arabinose (28.63%) with a molecular weight of 2.44 × 104 g/mol by multi-laser light scattering. The structure was elucidated by using FT-IR spectroscopy, methylation analysis and NMR analysis. Results showed that the backbone of CHIP3 consisted of 1, 4-α-linked d-GalpA residues containing the non-methyl-esterified carboxyl groups, interspersed with a few 1,2-α-l-Rhap units. Its side chains were attached by two branches to O-4 of Rhap with 1,4-β-linked d-Galp units and 1,5-α-l-linked Araf units bearing 3,5-substituted α-l-linked Araf residues as branching points. AFM data revealed it existed as a flexible chain in 0.1 M NaNO3 aqueous solution. Furthermore, CHIP3 was demonstrated to have notable antioxidant activity of FRAP, ABTS+ radical scavenging and reducing power. Cytotoxicity assay showed it displayed inhibitory activity against HepG2 cells with IC50 values of 242.6 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Pengfei He
- Department of Processing, Marine Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Liang He
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China.
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junwen Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biological and Chemical Utilization of Zhejiang Forest Resources, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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24
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Cheong KL, Xia LX, Liu Y. Isolation and Characterization of Polysaccharides from Oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with Anti-Tumor Activities Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110338. [PMID: 29104211 PMCID: PMC5706028 DOI: 10.3390/md15110338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) was employed for concurrent purification of oyster polysaccharides. The chemical structure and anti-tumor activities of purified oyster polysaccharides (OP-1) were also investigated. Under optimal ATPS conditions, oyster polysaccharides can be partitioned in the bottom phase with 67.02% extraction efficiency. The molecular weight of OP-1 was determined as 3480 Da. OP-1 is a (1→4)-α-d-glucosyl backbone and branching points located at O-3 of glucose with a terminal-d-Glcp. The anti-tumor activity assay showed that OP-1 exhibited good activities, including promotion of splenocyte proliferation, IL-2 release, and inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation. Additionally, OP-1 had no in vivo toxicity. This finding suggests that ATPS is a much simpler and greener system, and it opens up new possibilities in the large-scale separation of active polysaccharides from oysters. OP-1 could be used by the health food and pharmaceutical therapies as potential anti-cancer adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Li-Xuan Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, STU-UNIVPM Joint Algal Research Center, Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China.
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Park HR, Hwang D, Hong HD, Shin KS. Antitumor and antimetastatic activities of pectic polysaccharides isolated from persimmon leaves mediated by enhanced natural killer cell activity. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Polysaccharides from ginseng leaves inhibit tumor metastasis via macrophage and NK cell activation. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 103:1327-1333. [PMID: 28522391 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we purified the polysaccharide fraction (GS-P) from the leaves of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and analyzed its monosaccharide composition and antitumor and antimetastatic activity in vitro and in vivo. GS-P is a 10.2kDa pectic polysaccharide consisting of 15 different monosaccharides. GS-P treatment significantly inhibited metastasis in mice, in a dose-dependent manner. GS-P was not cytotoxic to colon 26-M3.1 cells and increased mouse splenocyte proliferation. Secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-12 was enhanced in the peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs) of GS-P-treated mice. Moreover, PEMs obtained from GS-P-treated mice showed significantly higher tumoricidal activity against colon 26-M3.1 cells, and splenocytes from GS-P-treated mice significantly enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity against YAC-1 tumor cells. Pretreatment with anti-asialo GM1 (an antibody for NK cell depletion) partly suppressed the inhibitory effects of GS-P on lung metastasis. These data suggest that GS-P exhibits antimetastatic activity by promoting the activation of macrophages and NK cells.
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