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Hossain A, Shahidi F. Persimmon Leaves: Nutritional, Pharmaceutical, and Industrial Potential-A Review. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:937. [PMID: 36840285 PMCID: PMC9965245 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Persimmon is a delicious fruit, and its leaves are considered a valuable ingredient in food, beverage, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Traditionally, persimmon leaves (PL) are used as a functional tea in Asian culture to cure different ailments, and are also incorporated into various food and cosmeceutical products as a functional ingredient. PL mainly contain flavonoids, terpenoids, and polysaccharides, along with other constituents such as carotenoids, organic acids, chlorophylls, vitamin C, and minerals. The major phenolic compounds in PL are proanthocyanidins, quercetin, isoquercetin, catechin, flavonol glucosides, and kaempferol. Meanwhile, ursolic acid, rotungenic acid, barbinervic acid, and uvaol are the principal terpenoids. These compounds demonstrate a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anti-tyrosinase, antiallergic, and antiglaucoma properties. This review summarizes the latest information on PL, mainly distribution, traditional uses, industrial potential, and bioactive compounds, as well as their potential action mechanisms in exhibiting biological activities. In addition, the effect of seasonality and geographical locations on the content and function of these biomolecules are discussed.
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Salameh M, Nacouzi D, Lahoud G, Riachy I, El Kayal W. Evaluation of Postharvest Maturity Indices of Commercial Avocado Varieties Grown at Various Elevations Along Lebanon's Coast. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:895964. [PMID: 35783944 PMCID: PMC9240439 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.895964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Avocado is known to be a climacteric fruit that must be harvested during the suitable physiological maturity stage to achieve the best edible characteristics and reach the required export standards. It is very hard to visually determine the optimum maturity phases in the different avocado varieties for harvesting, especially because of the limited changes in the external fruit morphology during the maturity phase and because the harvest season is extended throughout several months. Therefore, some laboratory analyses are very crucial to determine the best timing to harvest the fruit. The aim of this study was to evaluate the postharvest maturity indices over 3 harvest stages, mainly dry matter (DM), oil content (OC), fruit firmness, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solid (TSS/Brix), and fruit weight in commercial avocado varieties in regard to different altitudes and agricultural practices. The varieties in this study were as follows: Hass, Lambhass, Ettinger, Fuerte, Pinkerton, Reed, and Horshim growing at different altitudes that ranged from 50 to 400 m in 7 different regions in Lebanon. Statistical comparison of maturity indices under different locations by variety and harvest stage was performed using one-way ANOVA as well as by principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a high linear correlation between DM and OC over the different harvest stages. During the late harvest stage, the weight showed a negative correlation between fruit firmness and TSS. The minimum oil content % and dry matter % were recorded for Reed variety (8.2 DM and 9.7 OC%) and the highest oil content % and dry matter % were recorded for Fuerte variety (28.5 DM and 21.6 OC%). The data obtained during this study are used to achieve the best edible characteristics and export standards of commercial avocado varieties growing along the Lebanese coast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Salameh
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Diana Nacouzi
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Walid El Kayal
- Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Lv M, Li Z, Jiang Q, Chen T, Wang Y, Hu A, Cribb M, Cai A. Contrasting Trends of Surface PM 2.5, O 3, and NO 2 and Their Relationships with Meteorological Parameters in Typical Coastal and Inland Cities in the Yangtze River Delta. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12471. [PMID: 34886197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The contrasting trends of surface particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and their relationships with meteorological parameters from 2015 to 2019 were investigated in the coastal city of Shanghai (SH) and the inland city of Hefei (HF), located in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD). In both cities, PM2.5 declined substantially, while O3 and NO2 showed peak values during 2017 when the most frequent extreme high-temperature events occurred. Wind speed was correlated most negatively with PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations, while surface temperature and relative humidity were most closely related to O3. All of the studied pollutants were reduced by rainfall scavenging, with the greatest reduction seen in PM2.5, followed by NO2 and O3. By contrast, air pollutants in the two cities were moderately strongly correlated, although PM2.5 concentrations were much lower and Ox (O3 + NO2) concentrations were higher in SH. Additionally, complex air pollution hours occurred more frequently in SH. Air pollutant concentrations changed more with wind direction in SH. A more effective washout effect was observed in HF, likely due to the more frequent strong convection and thunderstorms in inland areas. This research suggests pertinent air quality control measures should be designed accordingly for specific geographical locations.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND New data sources and analysis methods are urgently needed to improve opioid surveillance and prevent potential overdose. Social media data is one potential data source that might be used and integrated to address this issue. Objective: This study explored opioid-related topics discussed across geographical regions of varying population sizes to determine whether social media data might inform opioid surveillance. Methods: Between March 17th to July 17th, 2020, we collected tweets (N = 19,721) mentioning opioid-related keywords across seven cities within the United States. Results: Results found that opioid-related keywords were distributed as follows: New York (29%), Los Angeles (23%), Chicago (18%), Atlanta (18%), San Francisco (8%), Iowa (3%), and Orange County, CA (1%). We also found regional differences in the types of opioids and topics mentioned. Conclusions: Findings suggest the feasibility of using opioid-related social media data to inform surveillance efforts, as well as potential regional and time-varying differences in topics discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Flores
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Young
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- University of California Institute for Prediction Technology, Department of Informatics, Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, UC Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Anane I, Nie F, Huang J. Socioeconomic and Geographic Pattern of Food Consumption and Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6-23 Months Old in Ghana. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020603. [PMID: 33673212 PMCID: PMC7918505 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary inadequacy is a major challenge among young children in Ghana. Nutritional policies are required for optimum child nutrition and development. This study explored food consumption and dietary diversity by socioeconomic status and geographical location among children aged 6–23 months in Ghana. We used the latest national representative, cross-sectional data from the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS-2014). A total of 887 children aged 6–23 months were used in the final analysis. The survey collected data on children’s food consumption through their mothers in the 24 h recall method. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between socioeconomic status and geographical location with food consumption and adequate dietary diversity after adjusting for control variables. The study revealed an association between specific food item consumption, food groups, and dietary diversity by socioeconomic and geographic characteristics. However, dairy consumption increased faster than other nutritional foods when socioeconomic status increased. Furthermore, the study revealed that children’s chances of consuming particular food items and food groups differed across Ghana’s 10 regions. The average probabilities of consuming adequate dietary diversity between the Greater Accra region and Ashanti region were 43% vs. 8% (p < 0.001). Consumption of grains, root, and tubers were relatively higher but low for Vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables and legumes and nuts for children aged 6–23 months in Ghana. Overall, the mean dietary diversity score was low (3.39; 95% CI: 3.30–3.49) out of eight food groups, and the prevalence of adequate dietary diversity was 22% only. There is a need for policy interventions to ensure appropriate dietary practices to promote healthy growth of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Anane
- Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.A.); (J.H.)
| | - Fengying Nie
- Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.A.); (J.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Jiaqi Huang
- Agricultural Information Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (I.A.); (J.H.)
- Urban Economics Group, Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University, 6706 KN Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Chin YH, Ng CH, Lee MH, Koh JWH, Kiew J, Yang SP, Sundar G, Khoo CM. Prevalence of thyroid eye disease in Graves' disease: A meta-analysis and systematic review. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2020; 93:363-374. [PMID: 32691849 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating condition that frequently manifests in patients suffering from Graves' disease (GD). This study aims to analyse the prevalence of TED among GD patients, with a focus on geographical region-specific rates. METHODS Medline and Embase were searched for articles examining TED prevalence on April 2020, and articles were retrieved and sieved. Statistical analysis was performed after Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation. Thereafter, results were pooled with random effects by DerSimonian and Laird model. RESULTS Fifty-seven articles involving 26,804 patients were included in the review. The overall pooled prevalence of TED was 40% (CI: 0.32 to 0.48) and by continent was 38% (CI: 0.31 to 0.46) for Europe, 44% (CI: 0.32 to 0.56) for Asia, 27% (CI: 0.06 to 0.56) for North America and 58% (CI: 0.55 to 0.61) for Oceania. The prevalence of TED in Southeast Asia was 35% (CI: 0.24 to 0.47) and Middle East 48% (CI: 0.19 to 0.78). Subgroup analysis showed regions with predominantly Caucasians (37%; CI: 0.28 to 0.46) had a lower prevalence of TED compared to Asians (45%; CI: 0.33 to 0.58). The pooled prevalence of lid retraction was 57% (CI: 0.39 to 0.74), proptosis 57% (CI: 0.48 to 0.65), diplopia 36% (CI: 0.24 to 0.48) and ocular hypertension 13% (CI: 0.06 to 0.19). CONCLUSION A substantial proportion of patients with GD have TED and often manifest as lid retraction, proptosis and diplopia. Early detection through active screening might help to mitigate the progression of TED and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yip Han Chin
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ming Hui Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffery Wei Heng Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jolene Kiew
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Samantha Peiling Yang
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Gangadhara Sundar
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chin Meng Khoo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore
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Liu Y, Cao Y, Fang S, Wang T, Yin Z, Shang X, Yang W, Fu X. Antidiabetic Effect of Cyclocarya paliurus Leaves Depends on the Contents of Antihyperglycemic Flavonoids and Antihyperlipidemic Triterpenoids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051042. [PMID: 29710841 PMCID: PMC6100042 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclocarya paliurus has been used commonly to treat diabetes in China. However, the effective components and the effect of plant origin remain unclear. In this study, C. paliurus leaves with different chemical compositions were selected from five geographical locations, and their effects on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were evaluated with both ethanol and aqueous extracts. Glucose levels, lipid levels, and biomarkers of liver and kidney function were measured. The principal components of both C. paliurus ethanol and aqueous extracts from different geographical locations differed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed that C. paliurus extracts with better antihyperglycemic effects were characterized by higher contents of total flavonoids, especially quercetin-3-O-glucuronide and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide. Furthermore, significantly negative correlations were found between triterpenoids contents and lipid levels. These results revealed the potential antihyperglycemic capacity of C. paliurus flavonoids and the antihyperlipidemic effect of C. paliurus triterpenoids. Thus, we suggest that the composition of C. paliurus compounds might help to design therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. However, geographic origins and the extraction solvents can also affect the effectiveness of the treatment as these factors influence the chemical compositions and thereby the biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Yanni Cao
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Shengzuo Fang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Tongli Wang
- Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences, University of British Columbia, 3041- 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Zhiqi Yin
- Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 10009, China.
| | - Xulan Shang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Wanxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiangxiang Fu
- College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Bello IO, Salo T, Dayan D, Tervahauta E, Almangoush A, Schnaiderman-Shapiro A, Barshack I, Leivo I, Vered M. Epithelial salivary gland tumors in two distant geographical locations, Finland (Helsinki and Oulu) and Israel (Tel Aviv): a 10-year retrospective comparative study of 2,218 cases. Head Neck Pathol 2012; 6:224-31. [PMID: 22228070 PMCID: PMC3370031 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Salivary gland tumors (SGTs) of epithelial origin are relatively rare, and worldwide reports show considerable variations in their epidemiology. The aim of this study was to examine, for the first time, the records of SGTs from two very distant geographical locations, Finland (two medical centers) and Israel (one medical center) between 1999 and 2008, based exclusively on the 2005 WHO classification of head and neck tumors, and to compare those data to the other available (single-center) studies that used the same classification. A total of 2,218 benign and malignant tumors diagnosed in the three centers were analyzed. Differences in classification of the tumors were found between the two geographical locations as well as between the two centers from Finland. There was a higher ratio of benign-to-malignant SGTs in the Finnish centers (5.4:1 and 7:1) compared to the Israeli center (2:1), a higher frequency of tumors of minor salivary glands in the Israeli center (34%) than in the Finnish centers (4 and 11%), and a higher frequency of malignant SGTs in the minor salivary glands in Israel (64.5%) than in Finland (10.9 and 27%). The diversity of these multicenter data are compatible with reports from different parts of the world. We conclude that conducting epidemiologic surveys based on the latest WHO classification provides clinicopathologic correlations on SGTs that seem to be characteristic even in small geographical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim O. Bello
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland ,Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland ,Institute of Dentistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dan Dayan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Alhadi Almangoush
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Schnaiderman-Shapiro
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Iris Barshack
- Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilmo Leivo
- Department of Pathology, Haartman Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland ,Department of Pathology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Department of Pathology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marilena Vered
- Department of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel ,Institute of Pathology, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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