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Widjaja F, Rietjens IMCM. From-Toilet-to-Freezer: A Review on Requirements for an Automatic Protocol to Collect and Store Human Fecal Samples for Research Purposes. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2658. [PMID: 37893032 PMCID: PMC10603957 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition, viability and metabolic functionality of intestinal microbiota play an important role in human health and disease. Studies on intestinal microbiota are often based on fecal samples, because these can be sampled in a non-invasive way, although procedures for sampling, processing and storage vary. This review presents factors to consider when developing an automated protocol for sampling, processing and storing fecal samples: donor inclusion criteria, urine-feces separation in smart toilets, homogenization, aliquoting, usage or type of buffer to dissolve and store fecal material, temperature and time for processing and storage and quality control. The lack of standardization and low-throughput of state-of-the-art fecal collection procedures promote a more automated protocol. Based on this review, an automated protocol is proposed. Fecal samples should be collected and immediately processed under anaerobic conditions at either room temperature (RT) for a maximum of 4 h or at 4 °C for no more than 24 h. Upon homogenization, preferably in the absence of added solvent to allow addition of a buffer of choice at a later stage, aliquots obtained should be stored at either -20 °C for up to a few months or -80 °C for a longer period-up to 2 years. Protocols for quality control should characterize microbial composition and viability as well as metabolic functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Widjaja
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands;
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Yang J, Wang ZX, Fang L, Li TS, Liu ZH, Pan Y, Kong LD. Atractylodes lancea and Magnolia officinalis combination protects against high fructose-impaired insulin signaling in glomerular podocytes through upregulating Sirt1 to inhibit p53-driven miR-221. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 300:115688. [PMID: 36067838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In traditional Chinese medicine, a long term of improper diet causes the Dampness and disturbs Zang-Fu's functions including Kidney deficiency. Atractylodes lancea (Atr) and Magnolia officinalis (Mag) as a famous herb pair are commonly used to transform Dampness, with kidney protection. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore how Atr and Mag protected against insulin signaling impairment in glomerular podocytes induced by high dietary fructose feeding, a major contributor for insulin resistance in glomerular podocyte dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analyze constituents of Atr and Mag. Rat model was induced by 10% fructose drinking water in vivo, and heat-sensitive human podocyte cells (HPCs) were exposed to 5 mM fructose in vitro. Animal or cultured podocyte models were treated with different doses of Atr, Mag or Atr and Mag combination. Western blot, qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence assays as well as other experiments were performed to detect adiponectin receptor protein 1 (AdipoR1), protein kinase B (AKT), Sirt1, p53 and miR-221 levels in rat glomeruli or HPCs, respectively. RESULTS Fifty-five components were identified in Atr and Mag combination. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that Atr and Mag combination might affect insulin signaling pathway. This combination significantly improved systemic insulin resistance and prevented glomerulus morphological damage in high fructose-fed rats. Of note, high fructose decreased IRS1, AKT and AdipoR1 in rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes. Further data from cultured podocytes with Sirt1 inhibitor/agonist, p53 agonist/inhibitor, or miR-221 mimic/inhibitor showed that high fructose downregulated Sirt1 to stimulate p53-driven miR-221, resulting in insulin signaling impairment. Atr and Mag combination effectively increased Sirt1, and decreased p53 and miR-221 in in vivo and in vitro models. CONCLUSIONS Atr and Mag combination improved insulin signaling in high fructose-stimulated glomerular podocytes possibly through upregulating Sirt1 to inhibit p53-driven miR-221. Thus, the regulation of Sirt1/p53/miR-221 by this combination may be a potential therapeutic approach in podocyte insulin signaling impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Tu-Shuai Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhi-Hong Liu
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, PR China.
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Wang W, Guan F, Sagratini G, Yan J, Xie J, Jin Z, Liu M, Liu H, Liu J. Ginsenoside Rd attenuated hyperglycemia via Akt pathway and modulated gut microbiota in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100491. [PMID: 37033737 PMCID: PMC10074500 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rd is a protopanaxadiol abundant in Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rd possesses various health benefits, such as anti-diabetic, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory. This work explored the effects of ginsenoside Rd on hyperglycemia and gut microbiota in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Results showed that 5-week ginsenoside Rd (20 mg/kg) treatment significantly improved hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Besides, ginsenoside Rd promoted glycogen synthesis via activating Akt pathway. It also inhibited hepatic gluconeogenesis, which was associated with inhibiting phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase. We further found that ginsenoside Rd treatment increased the diversity of gut microbiota, increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as SMB53, rc4-4 and Ruminococcus, and reduced the abundance of conditional pathogenic bacteria. These results indicated that ginsenoside Rd has the potential for diabetic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Fengtao Guan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Gianni Sagratini
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, 62032, Italy
| | - Jie Yan
- College of Life Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Jiahan Xie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Zhibo Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Meihong Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
| | - Huimin Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Corresponding author. College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Further Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China
- Corresponding author. College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Liu X, Huang Y, Liang X, Wu Q, Wang N, Zhou LJ, Liu WW, Ma Q, Hu B, Gao H, Cui YL, Li X, Zhao QC. Atractylenolide III from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz promotes the activation of brown and white adipose tissue through SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154289. [PMID: 35785561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypothermia is a complex pathophysiological response that can be life-threatening in low-temperature environment because of impaired thermoregulation. However, there is currently no clinically effective drugs that can prevent or treat this disease. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation or browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent or treat hypothermia. Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz extract (AE) and its active compound Atractylenolide III (AIII) has been reported to regulate glycolipid metabolism, which might be relevant to BAT activation. However, the thermogenic effect and mechanism of AE and AIII on adipose tissues have not been explored yet. Therefore, this study firstly investigated the role of AE and AIII on hypothermia by promoting heat production of BAT and WAT. PURPOSE To explore the anti-cold effect of AE and AIII in cold exposure model and explore their biological function and mechanism underlying thermogenesis. METHODS The effect of thermogenesis and anti-hypothermia of AE and AIII on C57BL/6J mice were evaluated with several experiment in cold environment, such as toxicity test, cold exposure test, metabolism estimation, histology and immunohistochemistry, and protein expression. Additionally, BAT, inguinal WAT (iWAT) and brown adipocytes were utilized to explore the mechanism of AE and AIII on thermogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Finally, SIRT1 agonist and inhibitor in brown adipocytes to verify that AIII activated BAT through SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. RESULTS Both AE and AⅢ could significantly maintain the core body temperature and body surface temperature of mice during cold exposure. Besides, AE and AⅢ could significantly improve the capacity of total antioxidant and glucose, lipid metabolism of mice. In addition, AE and AIII reduced mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content both in BAT and brown adipocytes, and decreased the size of lipid droplets. Moreover, AE and AⅢ promoted the expression of proteins related to heat production in BAT and iWAT. And AIII might activate BAT via SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. CONCLUSION AE and AⅢ were potential candidate drugs that treated hypothermia by improving the heat production capacity of the mice. Mechanistically, they may activate SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, thus enhancing the function of BAT, and promoting the browning of iWAT, to act as anti-hypothermia candidate medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Nan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhou
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen-Wu Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Bei Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Huan Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Ya-Ling Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
| | - Qing-Chun Zhao
- School of Life Science, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110840, China.
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A pharmaceutical formulation containing Cecropia pachystachya alleviates metabolic alterations in a hypercaloric diet obesity model in Swiss mice. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2022.102376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhang B, Liu K, Yang H, Jin Z, Ding Q, Zhao L. Gut Microbiota: The Potential Key Target of TCM's Therapeutic Effect of Treating Different Diseases Using the Same Method-UC and T2DM as Examples. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855075. [PMID: 35433500 PMCID: PMC9005880 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese herbal medicine often exerts the therapeutic effect of "treating different diseases with the same method" in clinical practice; in other words, it is a kind of herbal medicine that can often treat two or even multiple diseases; however, the biological mechanism underlying its multi-path and multi-target pharmacological effects remains unclear. Growing evidence has demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of several diseases, and that the root cause of herbal medicine plays a therapeutic role in different diseases, a phenomenon potentially related to the improvement of the gut microbiota. We used local intestinal diseases, such as ulcerative colitis, and systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, as examples; comprehensively searched databases, such as PubMed, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure; and summarized the related studies. The results indicate that multiple individual Chinese herbal medicines, such as Rhizoma coptidis (Huang Lian), Curcuma longa L (Jiang Huang), and Radix Scutellariae (Huang Qin), and Chinese medicinal compounds, such as Gegen Qinlian Decoction, Banxia Xiexin Decoction, and Shenling Baizhu Powder, potentially treat these two diseases by enriching the diversity of the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria, reducing pathogenic bacteria, improving the intestinal mucosal barrier, and inhibiting intestinal and systemic inflammation. In conclusion, this study found that a variety of traditional Chinese herbal medicines can simultaneously treat ulcerative colitis and type 2 diabetes, and the gut microbiota may be a significant target for herbal medicine as it exerts its therapeutic effect of "treating different diseases with the same method".
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxun Zhang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haoyu Yang
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zishan Jin
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiyou Ding
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Institute of Metabolic Diseases, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Liu X, Su C, Ding Y, Pan L. Process optimization for fermented siwu decoction by multi-index-response surface method and exploration of the effects of fermented siwu decoction on the growth, immune response and resistance to Vibrio harveyi of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 120:633-647. [PMID: 34822997 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal fermentation technology of Chinese herbal medicine formula-Siwu Decoction and the effects of fermented Siwu Decoction (FSW) on the growth performance, immune response, intestinal microflora and anti microbial ability of Litopenaeus vannamei. Response to surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the fermentation process of Siwu Decoction. The optimal fermentation conditions were obtained as follows: inoculation amount of mixed strains was 4.5%, fermentation time was 36 h, and the ratio of material to liquid was 20%. A total of 1260 shrimps were selected and divided into seven groups, three in parallel in each group. The dietary level of each group was as follows: Control (No additions), USW1 (0.2% unfermented herbal medicine), USW2 (0.5% unfermented herbal medicine), USW3 (0.8% unfermented herbal medicine), FSW1 (0.2% fermented herbal medicine), FSW2 (0.5% fermented herbal medicine), FSW3 (0.8% fermented herbal medicine). The immune response and antioxidant defense ability of hemocytes and intestine were measured at 21 and 42 days of feeding and the intestinal flora and growth performance were measured at 42 days of feeding, after that, a 7-day challenge test against Vibrio harveyi was conducted. The results showed that fermented Siwu Decoction significantly improved the growth performance and body composition of Litopenaeus vannamei; significantly increased the total number of hemocytes, phagocytic activity, antibacterial activity and bacteriolytic activity of Litopenaeus vannamei, and improved the antioxidant activity of Litopenaeus vannamei; the addition of fermented Siwu Decoction significantly increased the gene expression level of hemocytes and intestinal tract of Litopenaeus vannamei, and improved the antioxidant activity of Litopenaeus vannamei. The abundance of Bacillus increased, while the abundance of Vibrio decreased. After Vibrio harveyi challenge, the cumulative mortality of FSW group was significantly lower than that of control group. Fermented Siwu Decoction may be a potential physiological enhancer in aquaculture, and can be widely used in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xintian Liu
- Fishery Technical Extension Station of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, 264200, China
| | - Chen Su
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanjun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, Shandong Province, China.
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Natural Ingredients from Medicine Food Homology as Chemopreventive Reagents against Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating Gut Microbiota Homoeostasis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226934. [PMID: 34834027 PMCID: PMC8625827 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a noteworthy worldwide public health problem. It represents a complex metabolic disorder, mainly characterized as hyperglycemia and lipid dysfunction. The gut microbiota dysbiosis has been proposed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of medicine food homology (MFH) and functional food herbs (FF) to ameliorate diabetes and lead to a natural and healthy life. Hence, this review compiles some reports and findings to demonstrate that the practical use of the MFH/FF can modulate the homoeostasis of gut microbiota, thereby ameliorating the development of T2DM. The results provided useful data to support further investigation of the functional basis and application of MFH/FF to treat T2DM through maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
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Benchoula K, Arya A, Parhar IS, Hwa WE. FoxO1 signaling as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 891:173758. [PMID: 33249079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucose production and the consumption of high levels of carbohydrate increase the chance of insulin resistance, especially in cases of obesity. Therefore, maintaining a balanced glucose homeostasis might form a strategy to prevent or cure diabetes and obesity. The activation and inhibition of glucose production is complicated due to the presence of many interfering pathways. These pathways can be viewed at the downstream level because they activate certain transcription factors, which include the Forkhead-O1 (FoxO1). This has been identified as a significant agent in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue, which is significant in the regulation of lipids and glucose. The objective of this review is to discuss the intersecting portrayal of FoxO1 and its parallel cross-talk which highlights obesity-induced insulin susceptibility in the discovery of a targeted remedy. The review also analyses current progress and provides a blueprint on therapeutics, small molecules, and extracts/phytochemicals which are explored at the pre-clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Aditya Arya
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), Bukit Gambir, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Monash University (Malaysia) BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Malaysia
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia.
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Chen K, Gao Y, Wang X, Cheng F, Haq SU, Liang Y, Yang Z, Li B, Liu Y, Wang Y, Liang J, Hao B. Regulation and analysis of the diversity of intestinal microbiota in SD rats by Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) fermented with Bacillus subtilis. ANN MICROBIOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-020-01563-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the effect of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT) on intestinal microbiota diversity after fermentation by Bacillus subtilis.
Methods
B. subtilis was used to ferment DBT. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following four groups with six rats in each group: the control group, DBT nonfermentation group, B. subtilis group, and DBT fermentation group. Rats were fed continuously for 14 days. The 16S rRNA of faecal samples was analysed by high-throughput Illumina sequencing.
Results
In total, 3483 operational taxonomical units (OTUs) were identified in this study, and 1236 OTUs were shared among all samples. Moreover, the most abundant phyla identified in this study were Bacteroidetes (29.65–38.19%) and Firmicutes (48.30–67.04%). The F/B ratios of the DBT nonfermentation group (1.07%) and the DBT fermentation group (1.78%) were slightly lower than those of the control group (2.29%). Lactobacillus was most upregulated in the DBT fermentation group (38.4%), followed by the DBT nonfermentation group (18.97%), control group (14.61%), and probiotics group (8.39%). Moreover, the pathogenic bacteria Alistipes and Parabacteroides were found to be downregulated in the DBT fermentation group (the percentages of Alistipes and Parabacteroides were as follows: control group, 8.09% and 0.16%; DBT nonfermentation group, 4.31% and 0.37%; DBT fermentation group, 1.96 and 0.09%; and probiotics group, 6.25% and 0.12%, respectively).
Conclusion
This study is the first to research systematically the effects of DBT on the diversity of rat intestinal microbiota before and after fermentation. The structural characteristics of complex bacterial community in each group were clearly analysed, and DBT significantly increases probiotics and inhibits pathogenic bacterial growth in the intestinal tract of rats after fermentation, which plays a significant role in maintaining the balance of the intestinal microbiota of the rats. This research provides new insights into the development and utilization of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Wei Y, Yang H, Zhu C, Deng J, Fan D. Hypoglycemic Effect of Ginsenoside Rg5 Mediated Partly by Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Diabetic db/db Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:5107-5117. [PMID: 32307991 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of ginsenoside Rg5 (Rg5) on gut microbiota in diabetic db/db mice. Our data indicated that Rg5 not only improved the symptoms of hyperglycemia, repaired intestinal barrier function, and relieved metabolic endotoxemia-related inflammation but also reversed gut microbiota dysbiosis in the colon with significantly decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios. More importantly, the effects of Rg5 were further confirmed by partial changes in the gut microbiota induced by broad-spectrum antibiotics. These findings indicated that Rg5 dramatically decreased the abundance of Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia at the phylum level and increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in diabetic db/db mice. Altogether, our findings, for the first time, demonstrate that Rg5 may be used as a beneficial probiotic agent that reverses gut microbiota dysbiosis and diabetes-associated metabolic disorders in the context of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yange Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an 710069, China
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Li BY, Xu XY, Gan RY, Sun QC, Meng JM, Shang A, Mao QQ, Li HB. Targeting Gut Microbiota for the Prevention and Management of Diabetes Mellitus by Dietary Natural Products. Foods 2019; 8:E440. [PMID: 31557941 PMCID: PMC6835620 DOI: 10.3390/foods8100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is one of the biggest public health concerns worldwide, which includes type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus, and other rare forms of diabetes mellitus. Accumulating evidence has revealed that intestinal microbiota is closely associated with the initiation and progression of diabetes mellitus. In addition, various dietary natural products and their bioactive components have exhibited anti-diabetic activity by modulating intestinal microbiota. This review addresses the relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes mellitus, and discusses the effects of natural products on diabetes mellitus and its complications by modulating gut microbiota, with special attention paid to the mechanisms of action. It is hoped that this review paper can be helpful for better understanding of the relationships among natural products, gut microbiota, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Yan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ren-You Gan
- Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, China.
- Department of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Quan-Cai Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Jin-Ming Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Ao Shang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Qian-Qian Mao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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Lin F, Yang D, Huang Y, Zhao Y, Ye J, Xiao M. The Potential of Neoagaro-Oligosaccharides as a Treatment of Type II Diabetes in Mice. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17100541. [PMID: 31547097 PMCID: PMC6835453 DOI: 10.3390/md17100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for more than 90% of cases of diabetes mellitus, which is harmful to human health. Herein, neoagaro-oligosaccharides (NAOs) were prepared and their potential as a treatment of T2DM was evaluated in KunMing (KM) mice. Specifically, a T2DM mice model was established by the combination of a high-fat diet (HFD) and alloxan injection. Consequently, the mice were given different doses of NAOs (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg) and the differences among groups of mice were recorded. As a result of the NAOs treatment, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) was lowered and the glucose tolerance was improved as compared with the model group. As indicated by the immunohistochemistry assay, the NAOs treatment was able to ameliorate hepatic macrovesicular steatosis and hepatocyte swelling, while it also recovered the number of pancreatic β-cells. Additionally, NAOs administration benefited the antioxidative capacity in mice as evidenced by the upregulation of both glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity and the significant reduction of the malondialdehyde concentration. Furthermore, NAOs, as presented by Western blotting, increased the expression of p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, NQO1, HO-1, and PPARγ, via the MAPK, Nrf2, and PPARγ signaling pathways, respectively. In conclusion, NAOs can be used to treat some complications caused by T2DM, and are beneficial in controlling the level of blood glucose and ameliorating the damage of the liver and pancreatic islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fudi Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Dongda Yang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yayan Huang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Jing Ye
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Meitian Xiao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
- Xiamen Engineering and Technological Research Center for Comprehensive Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen 361021, China.
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Cui HX, Zhang LS, Luo Y, Yuan K, Huang ZY, Guo Y. A Purified Anthraquinone-Glycoside Preparation From Rhubarb Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Modulating the Gut Microbiota and Reducing Inflammation. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1423. [PMID: 31293553 PMCID: PMC6603233 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheum palmatum L. is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of constipation. Here, the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of purified anthraquinone-glycoside preparation from rhubarb (RAGP) on the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats were investigated. After 6 weeks of metformin and RAGP treatment, the weight returned to normal. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), insulin concentration and HOMA-IR index had significantly decreased, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations had increased. Histological abnormalities in the pancreas and ileum had improved. These effects were associated with enhanced intestinal integrity, thereby reducing the absorption of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammation. To investigate whether RAGP ameliorated insulin resistance via effects on the gut microbiota, we performed 16s rDNA sequencing of ileal gut contents. This showed an amelioration of gut dysbiosis, with greater abundance of probiotic Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, and lower abundance of the Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group and LPS-producing Desulfovibrio. The mechanism of the hypoglycemic effect of RAGP involves regulation of the gut microbiota, activation of the GLP-1/cAMP pathway to ameliorate insulin resistance. Thus, this study provides a theoretical basis for the use of RAGP to treat T2DM, and it may be a novel approach to restore the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ling-Shuai Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Luo
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhuji, China
| | - Ke Yuan
- Jiyang College of Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhuji, China
| | | | - Ying Guo
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Hu S, Wang J, Wang J, Yang H, Yan X, Su L. Fucoidan from Acaudina molpadioides improves insulin resistance by altering gut microbiota dysfunction. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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Wu XM, Tan RX. Interaction between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:788-809. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00041g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This highlight reviews the interaction processes between gut microbiota and ethnomedicine constituents, which may conceptualize future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Ming Wu
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Ren Xiang Tan
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and Efficacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
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Hypoglycemic effect of Hypericum attenuatum Choisy extracts on type 2 diabetes by regulating glucolipid metabolism and modulating gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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