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Yang M, Zhang J, Yan H, Pan Y, Zhou J, Zhong H, Wang J, Cai H, Feng F, Zhao M. A comprehensive review of medium chain monoglycerides on metabolic pathways, nutritional and functional properties, nanotechnology formulations and applications in food system. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 38779723 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2353403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A large and growing body of literature has investigated the broad antibacterial spectrum and strong synergistic antimicrobial activity of medium chain monoglycerides (MCMs) have been widely investigated. Recently, more and more researches have focused on the regulation of MCMs on metabolic health and gut microbiota both in vivo and in vitro. The current review summarizes the digestion, absorption and metabolism of MCMs. Subsequently, it focuses on the functional and nutritional properties of MCMs, including the antibacterial and antiviral characteristics, the modulation of metabolic balance, the regulation of gut microbiota, and the improvement in intestinal health. Additionally, we discuss the most recent developments and application of MCMs using nanotechnologies in food industry, poultry and pharmaceutical industry. Additionally, we analyze recent application examples of MCMs and their nanotechnology formation used in food. The development of nanotechnology platforms facilitating molecular encapsulation and functional presentation contribute to the application of hydrophobic fatty acids and monoglycerides in food preservation and their antibacterial effectiveness. This study emphasizes the metabolic mechanisms and biological activity of MCMs by summarizing the prevailing state of knowledge on this topic, as well as providing insights into prospective techniques for developing the beneficial applications of MCMs to realize the industrialized production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Yang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Heng Yan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya Pan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Hao Zhong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ningbo Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, China
- Guangdong Qingyunshan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Shaoguan, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang J, Wei J, Liu T, Tang J, Zhang X, Feng F, Cai H, Zhao M. Food additive glycerol monocaprylate modulated systemic inflammation and gut microbiota without stimulating metabolic dysfunction in high-fat diet fed mice. Food Res Int 2023; 167:112734. [PMID: 37087285 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings imply that great consideration should be given to the potential health risks of food additives on gut microbiota. Glycerol monocaprylate (GMC) is a widely consumed food preservative and emulsifier. Our results indicated that GMC significantly ameliorated visceral fat accumulation and systemic inflammation in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, GMC induced improvements on the composition and function of gut microbiota, resulting in increased beneficial gut bacteria (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus) and promoted production of short chain fatty acids. Notably, GMC-induced metabolic amelioration is closely related to the regulation in gut microbiota. Overall, our findings supported that unlike the emulsifiers previously reported to damage intestinal health, GMC performed the potential on attenuating HFD-induced metabolic disorders and gut microbiota dysbiosis, which also refined on the safety evaluation of GMC on gut microbiota. Our findings suggest that when evaluating the safety of food additives with regards to gut microbiota, it is important to take into account the specific characteristics of the additive in question, rather than simply relying on its classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China; ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ji'an Wei
- Mizuda Group Co., Ltd/Hangzhou Xinchao Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Tao Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China; ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jun Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China; ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Haiying Cai
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang Key Lab for Chem & Bio Processing Technology of Farm Product, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China; Mizuda Group Co., Ltd/Hangzhou Xinchao Enterprise Management Consulting Co., Ltd, Huzhou 313000, China.
| | - Minjie Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang 310058, China; ZhongYuan Institute, Zhejiang University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Wang Z, Yao W, Sun Y, Han Y, Chen X, Gong P, Zhai P, Pei S, Xie J, Ba Q, Wang H. Eucommia Bark/Leaf Extract Improves Lipid Metabolism Disorders by Affecting Intestinal Microbiota and Microbiome-Host Interaction in HFD Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3297-3314. [PMID: 36753681 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Eucommia bark contains many bioactive compounds and has anti-hyperlipidemic effects. However, due to the slow growth rate of the plant, there is a limited supply of this resource. Studies have demonstrated that Eucommia leaves contain active ingredients similar to those of Eucommia bark and also have anti-hyperlipidemic effects. It is not currently clear whether Eucommia leaf can be used as a substitute for Eucommia bark. Furthermore, their mechanism of action for anti-hyperlipidemia by improving the structure of the gut microbiota is also unclear. We aimed to determine the composition of the active ingredients in EBE and ELE by HPLC, establish an HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model, and combine fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments to investigate the mechanism of EBE/ELE anti-hyperlipidemia by modifying the structure of intestinal microbiota, as well as to compare the effects of EBE and ELE. Our results showed that EBE and ELE contained similar active ingredients and significantly alleviated lipid metabolism disorders and blood glucose levels in the HFD-induced hyperlipidemia model. In this study, EBE and ELE significantly reduced the relative abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae and significantly increased the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae. They also promoted the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and activated the gene expression of the SCFA receptors G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41) and GPR43. In addition, EBE and ELE can significantly increase the expression of the fasting-induced adipose factor (Fiaf) gene in the colon and inhibit the secretion of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in the liver, thereby inhibiting triglyceride (TG) synthesis. They also significantly activate the expression of GPR41 and GPR43 genes in the epididymal fat tissue, leading to reduced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. These effects on the target genes were associated with changes in the abundance of Desulfovibrionaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, and Ruminococcaceae bacteria in the intestinal microbiota. Thus, regulating the relative abundance of these microbes may serve as prospective targets for EBE/ELE to influence the Fiaf-LPL gut-liver axis and the SCFAs-GPR41/GPR43 gut-fat axis. In addition, there was no significant difference in the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of ELE and EBE, suggesting that Eucommia leaf may be a suitable alternative to Eucommia bark for managing hyperlipidemia by regulating the structure of the intestinal microbiota. These findings suggest that Eucommia leaves have great potential for development as a functional food with lipid-lowering properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhineng Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ying Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yewen Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pin Gong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Pengtao Zhai
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Shuya Pei
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Qian Ba
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Laboratory Center, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Enayati A, Ghojoghnejad M, Roufogalis BD, Maollem SA, Sahebkar A. Impact of Phytochemicals on PPAR Receptors: Implications for Disease Treatments. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:4714914. [PMID: 36092543 PMCID: PMC9453090 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4714914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the ligand-dependent nuclear receptor family. PPARs have attracted wide attention as pharmacologic mediators to manage multiple diseases and their underlying signaling targets. They mediate a broad range of specific biological activities and multiple organ toxicity, including cellular differentiation, metabolic syndrome, cancer, atherosclerosis, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammation related to their up/downstream signaling pathways. Consequently, several types of selective PPAR ligands, such as fibrates and thiazolidinediones (TZDs), have been approved as their pharmacological agonists. Despite these advances, the use of PPAR agonists is known to cause adverse effects in various systems. Conversely, some naturally occurring PPAR agonists, including polyunsaturated fatty acids and natural endogenous PPAR agonists curcumin and resveratrol, have been introduced as safe agonists as a result of their clinical evidence or preclinical experiments. This review focuses on research on plant-derived active ingredients (natural phytochemicals) as potential safe and promising PPAR agonists. Moreover, it provides a comprehensive review and critique of the role of phytochemicals in PPARs-related diseases and provides an understanding of phytochemical-mediated PPAR-dependent and -independent cascades. The findings of this research will help to define the functions of phytochemicals as potent PPAR pharmacological agonists in underlying disease mechanisms and their related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesheh Enayati
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghojoghnejad
- Ischemic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Basil D. Roufogalis
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Seyed Adel Maollem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Nallamuthu I, Jain A, Anand T. Comparative evaluation of
Brassica oleracea
,
Ocimum basilicum
, and
Moringa oleifera
leaf extracts on lipase inhibition and adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14158. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaiyaraja Nallamuthu
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO‐DFRL) Mysore India
| | - Abhinav Jain
- Department of Food Technology and Management National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Sonepat India
| | - Tamatam Anand
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology (NBT) Division Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO‐DFRL) Mysore India
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Kim JM, Heo HJ. The roles of catechins in regulation of systemic inflammation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2022; 31:957-970. [PMID: 35345441 PMCID: PMC8943496 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-022-01069-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Catechins are a phytochemical present in plants such as tea leaves, beans, black grapes, cherries, and cacao, and have various physiological activities. It is reported that catechins have a health improvement effect and ameliorating effect against various diseases. In addition, antioxidant activity, liver damage prevention, cholesterol lowering effect, and anti-obesity activity were confirmed through in vivo animal and clinical studies. Although most diseases are reported as ones mediating various inflammations, the mechanism for improving inflammation remains unclear. Therefore, the current review article evaluates the physiological activity and various pharmacological actions of catechins and conclude by confirming an improvement effect on the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52828 Republic of Korea
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7
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Phenolic-protein interactions in foods and post ingestion: Switches empowering health outcomes. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Lee SG, Kang H. Anti-Obesity and Lipid Metabolism Effects of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1011-1021. [PMID: 34099594 PMCID: PMC9706023 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2102.02015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The root bark of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (Japanese elm) is used in Korea and other East Asian countries as a traditional herbal remedy to treat a variety of inflammatory diseases and ailments such as edema, gastric cancer and mastitis. For this study, we investigated the lipid metabolism and anti-obesity efficacy of ethyl alcohol extract of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica root bark (UDE). First, HPLC was performed to quantify the level of (+)-catechin, the active ingredient of UDE. In the following experiments, cultured 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed murine model were studied for anti-obesity efficacy by testing the lipid metabolism effects of UDE and (+)-catechin. In the test using 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes, treatment with UDE inhibited adipocyte differentiation and significantly reduced the production of adipogenic genes and transcription factors PPARγ, C/EBPα and SREBP-1c. HFD-fed, obese mice were administered with UDE (200 mg/kg per day) and (+)-catechin (30 mg/kg per day) by oral gavage for 4 weeks. Weight gain, epididymal and abdominal adipose tissue mass were significantly reduced, and a change in adipocyte size was observed in the UDE and (+)-catechin treatment groups compared to the untreated control group (***p < 0.001). Significantly lower total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were detected in UDE-treated HFD mice compared to the control, revealing the efficacy of UDE. In addition, it was found that lipid accumulation in hepatocytes was also significantly reduced after administration of UDE. These results suggest that UDE has significant anti-obesity and lipid metabolism effects through inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-550-3015 Fax: +82-41-559-7934 E-mail:
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Fan M, Lee JI, Ryu YB, Choi YJ, Tang Y, Oh M, Moon SH, Lee B, Kim EK. Comparative Analysis of Metabolite Profiling of Momordica charantia Leaf and the Anti-Obesity Effect through Regulating Lipid Metabolism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115584. [PMID: 34073706 PMCID: PMC8197276 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) extract in obesity and abnormal lipid metabolism in mice fed high fat diet (HFD). Fruit, root, stem, and leaf extracts of M. charantia were obtained using distilled water, 70% ethanol and 95% hexane. M. charantia leaf distilled water extract (MCLW) showed the highest antioxidant activity in both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity tests and reducing power. Metabolite profiles of M. charantia leaf extracts were analyzed for identification of bioactive compounds. HFD-fed mice were treated with MCLW (oral dose of 200 mg/kg/d) for 4 weeks. MCLW reduced lipid accumulation, body weight, organ weight, and adipose tissue volume and significantly improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in HFD mice. Furthermore, MCLW administration reduced serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with HFD mice. Moreover, MCLW significantly reduced the levels of serum urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase; alleviated liver and kidney injury. MCLW decreases expression of genes that fatty acid synthesis; increase the expression of catabolic-related genes. These results indicate that MCLW has an inhibitory effect on obese induced by high fat diet intake, and the mechanism may be related to the regulation of abnormal lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, suggesting that MCLW may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Fan
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (M.F.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Jae-In Lee
- Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (J.-I.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Young-Bae Ryu
- Natural Product Material Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 56212, Korea; (J.-I.L.); (Y.-B.R.)
| | - Young-Jin Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (B.L.)
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Yujiao Tang
- School of Bio-Science and Food Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130600, China;
| | - Mirae Oh
- Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Sang-Ho Moon
- Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea; (M.F.); (S.-H.M.)
| | - Bokyung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (B.L.)
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyung Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (Y.-J.C.); (B.L.)
- Center for Silver-Targeted Biomaterials, Brain Busan 21 Plus Program, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7321
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10
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Preventive Effects of Green Tea Extract against Obesity Development in Zebrafish. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092627. [PMID: 33946279 PMCID: PMC8124760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various natural products (NPs) have been used to treat obesity and related diseases. However, the best way to fight obesity is preventive, with accurate body weight management through exercise, diet, or bioactive NPs to avoid obesity development. We demonstrated that green tea extract (GTE) is an anti-obesity NP using a zebrafish obesity model. Based on a hypothesis that GTE can prevent obesity, the objective of this study was to assess GTE's ability to attenuate obesity development. Juvenile zebrafish were pretreated with GTE for seven days before obesity induction via a high-fat diet; adult zebrafish were pretreated with GTE for two weeks before obesity induction by overfeeding. As a preventive intervention, GTE significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue accumulation in juveniles and ameliorated visceral adiposity and plasma triglyceride levels in adult zebrafish obesity models. RNA sequencing analysis was performed using liver tissues from adult obese zebrafish, with or without GTE administration, to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Transcriptome analysis revealed that preventive GTE treatment affects several pathways associated with anti-obesity regulation, including activation of STAT and downregulation of CEBP signaling pathways. In conclusion, GTE could be used as a preventive agent against obesity.
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11
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Shabbir U, Rubab M, Daliri EBM, Chelliah R, Javed A, Oh DH. Curcumin, Quercetin, Catechins and Metabolic Diseases: The Role of Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2021; 13:206. [PMID: 33445760 PMCID: PMC7828240 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols (PPs) are the naturally occurring bioactive components in fruits and vegetables, and they are the most abundant antioxidant in the human diet. Studies are suggesting that ingestion of PPs might be helpful to ameliorate metabolic syndromes that may contribute in the prevention of several chronic disorders like diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and colon cancer. PPs have structural diversity which impacts their bioavailability as they accumulate in the large intestine and are extensively metabolized through gut microbiota (GM). Intestinal microbiota transforms PPs into their metabolites to make them bioactive. Interestingly, not only GM act on PPs to metabolize them but PPs also modulate the composition of GM. Thus, change in GM from pathogenic to beneficial ones may be helpful to ameliorate gut health and associated diseases. However, to overcome the low bioavailability of PPs, various approaches have been developed to improve their solubility and transportation through the gut. In this review, we present evidence supporting the structural changes that occur after metabolic reactions in PPs (curcumin, quercetin, and catechins) and their effect on GM composition that leads to improving overall gut health and helping to ameliorate metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Shabbir
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Momna Rubab
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Eric Banan-Mwine Daliri
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Ahsan Javed
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Deog-Hwan Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (U.S.); (M.R.); (E.B.-M.D.); (R.C.)
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12
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Wang D, Jiang Y, Sun-Waterhouse DX, Zhai H, Guan H, Rong X, Li F, Yu JC, Li DP. MicroRNA-based regulatory mechanisms underlying the synergistic antioxidant action of quercetin and catechin in H 2O 2-stimulated HepG2 cells: Roles of BACH1 in Nrf2-dependent pathways. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 153:122-131. [PMID: 32344103 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The microRNA-based mechanisms underlying the antioxidant action(s) of co-existing flavonoids in response to oxidative stress are of high interest. This study aimed to extend the existing knowledge and provide insights into the potential regulatory network in response to oxidative stress and the co-presence of quercetin and catechin antioxidants, via a preclinical approach using H2O2-stimulated HepG2 cells. It was confirmed that BACH1 serves as an essential and direct negative regulator of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway and the antioxidant synergism between quercetin and catechin. BACH1 promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation while inhibiting cell growth, which could be reversed by the synergistic action of let-7a-5p and miR-25-3p in the co-presence of quercetin and catechin. Both let-7a-5p and miR-25-3p could directly regulate the expression and function of BACH1 (e.g. upregulation of the two miRNAs could rescue largely overexpression of BACH1). Although these molecular interactions likely represented only some aspects of the overall regulatory network, this research confirms the feasibility of the combined uses of dietary flavonoids with chemopreventive properties in synergy during multiple-target interactions and multiple-pathway regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China; Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, PR China
| | - Yang Jiang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China
| | - Dong-Xiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hao Zhai
- Shandong Institute of Pomology, Taian, PR China
| | - Hui Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China
| | - Xue Rong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China
| | - Jia-Cheng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China
| | - Da-Peng Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control of Shandong Higher Education Institutes, Taian, PR China.
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13
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Aguiar J, Gonçalves JL, Alves VL, Câmara JS. Chemical Fingerprint of Free Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity in Dietary Fruits and Vegetables Using a Non-Targeted Approach Based on QuEChERS Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Combined with UHPLC-PDA. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040305. [PMID: 32283793 PMCID: PMC7222190 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are considered a good source of antioxidants, which are beneficial in protecting the human body against damage induced by free radicals and other reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the integral antioxidant activity (AOA) and determine individual polyphenols in fruits and vegetables of frequent consumption. For this purpose, an innovative and high throughput analytical approach based on original QuEChERS assisted by ultrasound extraction (USAE), instead of the manual agitation used in the classical procedure, was optimized and implemented for the isolation of polyphenols. The total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, anthocyanins, and betalains were evaluated using different spectrophotometric assays. In addition, free radical scavenging by methods 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to estimate the AOA of the investigated fruit and vegetable extracts. Red onion, tamarillo, and beetroot were the samples with the highest AOA. The quantification and identification of free low molecular weight polyphenols from QuEChERS-USAE extracts was carried out by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detection system (UHPLC-PDA). Catechin was the most abundant polyphenol, followed by gentisic and ferulic acids, mainly in the watercress sample. In relation to flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol were found mostly in onion samples, and in small quantities in tomato and watercress. The improved analytical approach, QuEChERS-USAE/UHPLC-PDA, offers an attractive alternative for the analysis of polyphenols from fruit and vegetable samples, providing several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, in terms of reproducibility, simplicity, low cost, analysis speed, and analytical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselin Aguiar
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
| | - João L. Gonçalves
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
| | - Vera L. Alves
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
| | - José S. Câmara
- CQM—Centro de Química da Madeira, Universidade da Madeira, Campus Universitário da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.L.G.); (V.L.A.)
- Faculdade de Ciências Exactas e da Engenharia, Universidade da Madeira, Campus da Penteada, 9020-105 Funchal, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-291705112; Fax: +351-291705149
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