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Homer B, Judd J, Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh M, Ebrahimie E, Trott DJ. Gut Microbiota and Behavioural Issues in Production, Performance, and Companion Animals: A Systematic Review. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091458. [PMID: 37174495 PMCID: PMC10177538 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The literature has identified poor nutrition as the leading factor in the manifestation of many behavioural issues in animals, including aggression, hyperalertness, and stereotypies. Literature focused on all species of interest consistently reported that although there were no significant differences in the richness of specific bacterial taxa in the microbiota of individual subjects with abnormal behaviour (termed alpha diversity), there was variability in species diversity between these subjects compared to controls (termed beta diversity). As seen in humans with mental disorders, animals exhibiting abnormal behaviour often have an enrichment of pro-inflammatory and lactic acid-producing bacteria and a reduction in butyrate-producing bacteria. It is evident from the literature that an association exists between gut microbiota diversity (and by extension, the concurrent production of microbial metabolites) and abnormal behavioural phenotypes across various species, including pigs, dogs, and horses. Similar microbiota population changes are also evident in human mental health patients. However, there are insufficient data to identify this association as a cause or effect. This review provides testable hypotheses for future research to establish causal relationships between gut microbiota and behavioural issues in animals, offering promising potential for the development of novel therapeutic and/or preventative interventions aimed at restoring a healthy gut-brain-immune axis to mitigate behavioural issues and, in turn, improve health, performance, and production in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie Homer
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Jackson Judd
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
| | | | - Esmaeil Ebrahimie
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
- Genomics Research Platform, School of Life Sciences, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5371, Australia
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Briard E, Serrand Y, Dahirel P, Janvier R, Noirot V, Etienne P, Coquery N, Eliat PA, Val-Laillet D. Exposure to a sensory functional ingredient in the pig model modulates the blood-oxygen-level dependent brain responses to food odor and acute stress during pharmacological MRI in the frontostriatal and limbic circuits. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1123162. [PMID: 36925960 PMCID: PMC10012862 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1123162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the present study, we examined the effects of a supplementation with a sensory functional ingredient (FI, D16729, Phodé, France) containing vanillin, furaneol, diacetyl and a mixture of aromatic fatty acids on the behavioural and brain responses of juvenile pigs to acute stress. Methods Twenty-four pigs were fed from weaning with a standard granulated feed supplemented with the functional ingredient D16729 (FS animals, N = 12) or a control formulation (CT animals, N = 12). After a feed transition (10 days after weaning), the effects of FI were investigated on eating behaviour during two-choice feed preference tests. Emotional reactivity to acute stress was then investigated during openfield (OF), novel suddenly moving object (NSO), and contention tests. Brain responses to the FI and the two different feeds' odour, as well as to an acute pharmacological stressor (injection of Synacthen®) were finally investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Results FS animals tended to spend more time above the functional feed (p = 0.06) and spent significantly more time at the periphery of the arena during NSO (p < 0.05). Their latency to contact the novel object was longer and they spent less time exploring the object compared to CT animals (p < 0.05 for both). Frontostriatal and limbic responses to the FI were influenced by previous exposure to FI, with higher activation in FS animals exposed to the FI feed odor compared to CT animals exposed to a similarly familiar feed odor without FI. The pharmacological acute stress provoked significant brain activations in the prefrontal and thalamic areas, which were alleviated in FS animals that also showed more activity in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, the acute exposure to FI in naive animals modulated their brain responses to acute pharmacological stress. Discussion Overall, these results showed how previous habituation to the FI can modulate the brain areas involved in food pleasure and motivation while alleviating the brain responses to acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Briard
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Yann Serrand
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Patrice Dahirel
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Régis Janvier
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | | | | | - Nicolas Coquery
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Eliat
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France.,CNRS, INSERM, Biosit UAR 3480 US_S 018, PRISM, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, Univ Rennes, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer, NuMeCan, St Gilles, Rennes, France
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Ahmed S, Travis SD, Díaz-Bahamonde FV, Porter DDL, Henry SN, Mykins J, Ravipati A, Booker A, Ju J, Ding H, Ramesh AK, Pickrell AM, Wang M, LaConte S, Howell BR, Yuan L, Morton PD. Early Influences of Microbiota on White Matter Development in Germ-Free Piglets. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 15:807170. [PMID: 35027884 PMCID: PMC8751630 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.807170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as the underlying white matter (WM) tracts, lie at the intersection of many neurodevelopmental disorders. The influence of microorganisms on brain development has recently been brought into the clinical and research spotlight as alterations in commensal microbiota are implicated in such disorders, including autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety via the gut-brain axis. In addition, gut dysbiosis is common in preterm birth patients who often display diffuse WM injury and delayed WM maturation in critical tracts including those within the PFC and corpus callosum. Microbial colonization of the gut aligns with ongoing postnatal processes of oligodendrogenesis and the peak of brain myelination in humans; however, the influence of microbiota on gyral WM development remains elusive. Here, we develop and validate a neonatal germ-free swine model to address these issues, as piglets share key similarities in WM volume, developmental trajectories, and distribution to humans. We find significant region-specific reductions, and sexually dimorphic trends, in WM volume, oligodendrogenesis, and mature oligodendrocyte numbers in germ-free piglets during a key postnatal epoch of myelination. Our findings indicate that microbiota plays a critical role in promoting WM development during early life when the brain is vulnerable to environmental insults that can result in an array of disabilities manifesting later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Ahmed
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Sierrah D Travis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Francisca V Díaz-Bahamonde
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Demisha D L Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Virginia Tech Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Sara N Henry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julia Mykins
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Aditya Ravipati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Aryn Booker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jing Ju
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hanzhang Ding
- Virginia Tech Graduate Program in Translational Biology, Medicine and Health, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Ashwin K Ramesh
- Graduate Studies in Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.,Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Alicia M Pickrell
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Maosen Wang
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Stephen LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Brittany R Howell
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at Virginia Tech Carilion (VTC), Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States.,Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA, United States
| | - Lijuan Yuan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Paul D Morton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Xu J, Tao J, Wang J. Design and Application in Delivery System of Intranasal Antidepressants. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:626882. [PMID: 33409272 PMCID: PMC7779764 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.626882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major reasons why depressed patients fail their treatment course is the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which prevents drugs from being delivered to the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, nasal drug delivery has achieved better systemic bioavailability and activity in low doses in antidepressant treatment. In this review, we focused on the latest strategies for delivery carriers (or formation) of intranasal antidepressants. We began this review with an overview of the nasal drug delivery systems, including nasal drug delivery route, absorption mechanism, advantages, and limitations in the nasal drug delivery route. Next, we introduced the development of nasal drug delivery devices, such as powder devices, liquid-based devices, and so on. Finally, intranasal delivery carriers of antidepressants in clinical studies, including nanogels, nanostructured lipid, liposomes nanoparticles, nanoemulsions/microemulsion, were summarized. Moreover, challenges and future perspectives on recent progress of intranasal delivery carriers in antidepressant treatments were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Xu
- School of Marxism, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Mental Health Service Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jiangang Tao
- School of Marxism, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
- Mental Health Service Center, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Jidong Wang
- Applied Chemistry Key Laboratory of Hebei Province, Hebei Key Laboratory of Heavy Metal Deep-Remediation in Water and Resource Reuse, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
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