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Yan B, Zheng X, Chen X, Hao H, Shen S, Yang J, Wang S, Sun Y, Xian J, Shao Z, Fu T. Silibinin Targeting Heat Shock Protein 90 Represents a Novel Approach to Alleviate Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Simultaneously Lowering Hepatic Lipotoxicity and Enhancing Gut Barrier Function. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:2110-2124. [PMID: 39022366 PMCID: PMC11249643 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological condition characterized by intrahepatic ectopic steatosis. Due to the increase in high-calorie diets and sedentary lifestyles, NAFLD has surpassed viral hepatitis and become the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally. Silibinin, a natural compound, has shown promising therapeutic potential for the treatment of liver diseases. Nevertheless, the ameliorative effects of silibinin on NAFLD have not been completely understood, and the underlying mechanism is elusive. Therefore, in this study, we used high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice and free fatty acid (FFA)-stimulated HepG2 cells to investigate the efficacy of silibinin for the treatment of NAFLD and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. In vivo, silibinin showed significant efficacy in inhibiting adiposity, improving lipid profile levels, ameliorating hepatic histological aberrations, healing the intestinal epithelium, and restoring gut microbiota compositions. Furthermore, in vitro, silibinin effectively inhibited FFA-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Mechanistically, we reveal that silibinin possesses the ability to ameliorate hepatic lipotoxicity by suppressing the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) pathway and alleviating gut dysfunction by inhibiting the Hsp90/NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway. Altogether, our findings provide evidence that silibinin is a promising candidate for alleviating the "multiple-hit" in the progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baofei Yan
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu
Engineering, Research Center for Evaluation and Transformation of
Classic TCM Prescriptions, Jiangsu Health
Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department
of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital
of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215399, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute
of Medical technology, Jiangsu College of
Nursing, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Huihui Hao
- Department
of Pharmacology, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian 223003, China
| | - Shen Shen
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingwen Yang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Siting Wang
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yuping Sun
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jiaqi Xian
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhitao Shao
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tingming Fu
- School
of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese
Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Yu C, Guo X, Cui X, Su G, Wang H. Functional Food Chemical Ingredient Strategies for Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Hepatic Fibrosis: Chemical Properties, Health Benefits, Action, and Application. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:1-14. [PMID: 38172459 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00514-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The liver is an important digestive gland in the body. Lifestyle and dietary habits are increasingly damaging our liver, leading to various diseases and health problems. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most serious liver disease problems in the world. Diet is one of the important factors in maintaining liver health. Functional foods and their components have been identified as novel sources of potential preventive agents in the prevention and treatment of liver disease in daily life. However, the effects of functional components derived from small molecules in food on different types of liver diseases have not been systematically summarized. RECENT FINDINGS The components and related mechanisms in functional foods play a significant role in the development and progression of NAFLD and liver fibrosis. A variety of structural components are found to treat and prevent NAFLD and liver fibrosis through different mechanisms, including flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and peptides. On the other hand, the relevant mechanisms include oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune regulation, and a large number of literature studies have confirmed a close relationship between the mechanisms. The purpose of this article is to examine the current literature related to functional foods and functional components used for the treatment and protection against NAFLD and hepatic fibrosis, focusing on chemical properties, health benefits, mechanisms of action, and application in vitro and in vivo. The roles of different components in the biological processes of NAFLD and liver fibrosis were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohe Guo
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohang Cui
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyue Su
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Yan BF, Pan LF, Quan YF, Sha Q, Zhang JZ, Zhang YF, Zhou LB, Qian XL, Gu XM, Li FT, Wang T, Liu J, Zheng X. Huangqin decoction alleviates lipid metabolism disorders and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by triggering Sirt1/NF-κB pathway. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:4744-4762. [PMID: 37664157 PMCID: PMC10473922 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i31.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinicopathological entity characterized by intrahepatic ectopic steatosis. As a consequence of increased consumption of high-calorie diet and adoption of a sedentary lifestyle, the incidence of NAFLD has surpassed that of viral hepatitis, making it the most common cause of chronic liver disease globally. Huangqin decoction (HQD), a Chinese medicinal formulation that has been used clinically for thousands of years, has beneficial outcomes in patients with liver diseases, including NAFLD. However, the role and mechanism of action of HQD in lipid metabolism disorders and insulin resistance in NAFLD remain poorly understood. AIM To evaluate the ameliorative effects of HQD in NAFLD, with a focus on lipid metabolism and insulin resistance, and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of action. METHODS High-fat diet-induced NAFLD rats and palmitic acid (PA)-stimulated HepG2 cells were used to investigate the effects of HQD and identify its potential mechanism of action. Phytochemicals in HQD were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify the key components. RESULTS Ten primary chemical components of HQD were identified by HPLC analysis. In vivo, HQD effectively prevented rats from gaining body and liver weight, improved the liver index, ameliorated hepatic histological aberrations, decreased transaminase and lipid profile disorders, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors and insulin resistance. In vitro studies revealed that HQD effectively alleviated PA-induced lipid accumulation, inflammation, and insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. In-depth investigation revealed that HQD triggers Sirt1/NF-κB pathway-modulated lipogenesis and inflammation, contributing to its beneficial actions, which was further corroborated by the addition of the Sirt1 antagonist EX-527 that compromised the favorable effects of HQD. CONCLUSION In summary, our study confirmed that HQD mitigates lipid metabolism disorders and insulin resistance in NAFLD by triggering the Sirt1/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Fei Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Lan-Fen Pan
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Fang Quan
- Department of Education and Science, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, Kunshan 215400, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Sha
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jing-Zheng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi-Feng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li-Bing Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xi-Long Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng-Tao Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Health Vocational College, Nanjing 211800, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xian Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Kunshan 215300, Jiangsu Province, China
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Arjunolic acid from Cyclocarya paliurus selectively inhibits glucagon secretion from α cells and ameliorates diabetes via ephrin-A1 and EphA4 interaction. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT) are unique posttranslational modification enzymes that utilize NAD + as co-substrate to remove acyl groups from lysine residues. SIRT act on variety of substrates and impact major metabolic process. All seven members of SIRT family are unique and targets wide range of cellular proteins in nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria for post-translational modification by acetylation (SIRT1, 2, 3, and 5) or ADP-ribosylation (SIRT4 and 6). Each member of SIRT family is distinct. SIRT2 was first to be discovered that incited research on mammalian SIRT. Enzymatic activities of SIRT 4 are yet to be elucidated while only SIRT7 is localized in nucleoli that govern the transcription of RNA polymerase I. SIRT 5 and 6 exhibit weakest deacetylase activity. Out of all SIRT analogs, SIRT1 is identified as nutrient sensor. Increased expression of only SIRT3 is linked with longevity in humans. Since SIRT is regulated by the bioenergetic state of the cell, nutrition impacts it but very few studies about diet-mediated effect on SIRT are reported. The present review elaborates distribution, specific biological role and prominent effect of all SIRT on vital human tissue along with highlighting need to trace molecular mechanisms and identifying foods that may augment it beneficially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Pande
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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