1
|
Ahmad I, Al-Dolaimy F, Kzar MH, Kareem AT, Mizal TL, Omran AA, Alazbjee AAA, Obaidur Rab S, Eskandar M, Alawadi AH, Alsalamy A. Microfluidic-based nanoemulsion of Ocimum basilicum extract: Constituents, stability, characterization, and potential biomedical applications for improved antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:411-423. [PMID: 37877737 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on the findings from a study that aimed to identify and characterize the constituents of Ocimum basilicum extract using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, as well as assess the physicochemical properties and stability of nanoemulsions formulated with O. basilicum extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed that the O. basilicum extract contained 22 components, with Caryophyllene and Naringenin identified as the primary active constituents. The nanoemulsion formulation demonstrated excellent potential for use in the biomedical field, with a small and uniform particle size distribution, a negative zeta potential, and high encapsulation efficiency for the O. basilicum extract. The nanoemulsions exhibited spherical morphology and remained physically stable for up to 6 months. In vitro release studies indicated sustained release of the extract from the nanoemulsion formulation compared to the free extract solution. Furthermore, the developed nanoformulation exhibited enhanced anticancer properties against K562 cells while demonstrating low toxicity in normal cells (HEK293). The O. basilicum extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, and Staphylococcus epidermidis, with a potential synergistic effect observed when combined with the nanoemulsion. These findings contribute to the understanding of the constituents and potential applications of O. basilicum extract and its nanoemulsion formulation in various fields, including healthcare and pharmaceutical industries. Further optimization and research are necessary to maximize the efficacy and antimicrobial activity of the extract and its nanoformulation. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: This study characterized the constituents of O. basilicum extract and assessed the physicochemical properties and stability of its nanoemulsion formulation. The O. basilicum extract contained 22 components, with Caryophyllene and Naringenin identified as the primary active constituents. The nanoemulsion formulation demonstrated excellent potential for biomedical applications, with sustained release of the extract, low toxicity, and enhanced anticancer and antimicrobial properties. The findings contribute to the understanding of the potential applications of O. basilicum extract and its nanoemulsion formulation in healthcare and pharmaceutical industries, highlighting the need for further optimization and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mazin Hadi Kzar
- College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Al-Mustaqbal University, Hillah, Babil, Iraq
| | - Ashwaq Talib Kareem
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Thair L Mizal
- Department of Medical Engineering, Al-Esraa University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Aisha A Omran
- Department of Medical Engineering, AL-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Safia Obaidur Rab
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh Eskandar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hussien Alawadi
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Islam Shawon S, Nargis Reyda R, Qais N. Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25340. [PMID: 38356556 PMCID: PMC10864916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is an essential organ that helps the body with immunity, metabolism, and detoxification, among other functions. Worldwide, liver illnesses are a leading cause of mortality and disability. There are few effective treatment choices, but they frequently have unfavorable side effects. Investigating the potential of medicinal plants and their bioactive phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of liver disorders has gained more attention in recent years. An assessment of the hepatoprotective potential of medicinal plants and their bioactive secondary metabolites is the goal of this thorough review paper. To determine their hepatoprotective activity, these plants were tested against liver toxicity artificially induced in rats, mice and rabbits by chemical agents such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), paracetamol (PCM), thioacetamide (TAA), N-nitrosodiethylamine, d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide, antitubercular medicines (rifampin, isoniazid) and alcohol. To find pertinent research publications published between 1989 and 2022, a comprehensive search of electronic bibliographic databases (including Web of Science, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and others) was carried out. The investigation comprised 203 plant species from 81 families in total. A thorough discussion was mentioned regarding the hepatoprotective qualities of plants belonging to several families, such as Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. The plant groups Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the most frequently shown to have hepatoprotective properties. The phytochemical constituents namely flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids exhibited the highest frequency of hepatoprotective action. Also, some possible mechanism of action of some active constituents from medicinal plants was discussed in brief which were found in some studies. In summary, the information on medicinal plants and their potentially hepatoprotective bioactive phytoconstituents has been consolidated in this review which emphasizes the importance of further research to explore the efficacy and safety of these natural remedies for various liver ailments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahparan Islam Shawon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rashmia Nargis Reyda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Qais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhakipbekov K, Turgumbayeva A, Akhelova S, Bekmuratova K, Blinova O, Utegenova G, Shertaeva K, Sadykov N, Tastambek K, Saginbazarova A, Urazgaliyev K, Tulegenova G, Zhalimova Z, Karasova Z. Antimicrobial and Other Pharmacological Properties of Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae. Molecules 2024; 29:388. [PMID: 38257301 PMCID: PMC10818432 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, various scientists and doctors have utilized different herbs to heal diseases. Due to the rise in drug resistance and the negative effects of chemosynthetic drugs, researchers and the general public around the world have become more interested in medicinal herbs and plant metabolites/extracts. This is due to its non-toxicity and its several health benefits when used to treat diseases in clinical and medical settings. Ocimum basilicum is one such plant, possessing a wide range of bioactive phytochemicals including alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, steroids and glycosides, as well as complex pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing and antiviral properties. The results of many studies on Ocimum basilicum plant extracts are collected and presented in this review. The plant extracts have excellent potential to be used as medicinal raw materials, and exhibit an extensive variety of therapeutic capacities, including antibacterial, antioxidant, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antiviral properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kairat Zhakipbekov
- School of Pharmacy, S.D. Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan;
| | - Aknur Turgumbayeva
- Higher School of Medicine, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Sholpan Akhelova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Kymbat Bekmuratova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Olga Blinova
- Department of Organization and Management of Pharmaceutical Business, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (G.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Gulnara Utegenova
- Department of Organization and Management of Pharmaceutical Business, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (G.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Klara Shertaeva
- Department of Organization and Management of Pharmaceutical Business, South Kazakhstan Medical Academy, Shymkent 160001, Kazakhstan; (O.B.); (G.U.); (K.S.)
| | - Nurlan Sadykov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, Astana Medical University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (K.B.); (N.S.)
| | - Kuanysh Tastambek
- Department of Biotechnology, M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Shymkent 160012, Kazakhstan;
- Ecology Research Institute, Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Turkistan 161200, Kazakhstan
| | - Akzharkyn Saginbazarova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Kenzhebek Urazgaliyev
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Gulbanu Tulegenova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zere Zhalimova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| | - Zhanylsyn Karasova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, West Kazakhstan Medical University Named after Marat Ospanov, Aktobe 030012, Kazakhstan; (A.S.); (K.U.); (G.T.); (Z.Z.); (Z.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qasem A, Assaggaf H, Mrabti HN, Minshawi F, Rajab BS, Attar AA, Alyamani RA, Hamed M, Mrabti NN, Baaboua AE, Omari NE, Alshahrani MM, Awadh AAA, Sheikh RA, Ming LC, Goh KW, Bouyahya A. Determination of Chemical Composition and Investigation of Biological Activities of Ocimum basilicum L. Molecules 2023; 28:614. [PMID: 36677672 PMCID: PMC9866482 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Ocimum basilicum L., as well as to evaluate the antibacterial, antidiabetic, dermatoprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties, and the EOs and aqueous extracts of O. basilicum. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against bacterial strains, Gram-positive and Gram-negative, using the well diffusion and microdilution methods, whereas the antidiabetic activity was assessed in vitro using two enzymes involved in carbohydrate digestion, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. On the other hand, the dermatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were studied by testing tyrosinase and lipoxygenase inhibition activity, respectively. The results showed that the chemical composition of O. basilicum EO (OBEO) is dominated by methyl chavicol (86%) and trans-anethol (8%). OBEO exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains, demonstrated by considerable diameters of the inhibition zones and lower MIC and MBC values. In addition, OBEO exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase (IC50 = 50.51 ± 0.32 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 39.84 ± 1.2 μg/mL). Concerning the anti-inflammatory activity, OBEO significantly inhibited lipoxygenase activity (IC50 = 18.28 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 24.8 ± 0.01 μg/mL). Moreover, tyrosinase was considerably inhibited by OBEO (IC50 = 68.58 ± 0.03 μg/mL) compared to the aqueous extract (IC50 = 118.37 ± 0.05 μg/mL). The toxicological investigations revealed the safety of O. basilicum in acute and chronic toxicity. The finding of in silico analysis showed that methyl chavicol and trans-anethole (main compounds of OBEO) validate the pharmacokinetics of these compounds and decipher some antibacterial targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Qasem
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza Assaggaf
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanae Naceiri Mrabti
- Laboratoires TBC, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, B.P. 8359006 Lille, France
| | - Faisal Minshawi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bodour S. Rajab
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A. Attar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A. Alyamani
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Clinical Nutrition Department, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munerah Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal Naceiri Mrabti
- Engineering Materials, Modeling and Environmental Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mehraz, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| | - Aicha El Baaboua
- Biology and Health Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Abdelmalek-Essaadi University, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Nasreddine El Omari
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Cytogenetic, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdullah Al Awadh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, P.O. Box 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ryan Adnan Sheikh
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat 10100, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Szymandera-Buszka K, Gumienna M, Jędrusek-Golińska A, Waszkowiak K, Hęś M, Szwengiel A, Gramza-Michałowska A. Innovative Application of Phytochemicals from Fermented Legumes and Spices/Herbs Added in Extruded Snacks. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124538. [PMID: 34960090 PMCID: PMC8703383 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A trend related to adding legume seeds to various products has been observed. This work aimed to use fermented red bean/broad bean seeds and their hulls to produce extruded snacks with more beneficial nutritional properties and good sensory quality. Extruded snacks containing fermented ground seeds (50%) or hull (10%) of red bean/broad bean and corn grits with the addition of selected herbs/spices (0.5%) were prepared. The chemical composition, phenolic profile, antioxidant activity, and sensory quality were analysed. The results showed that the protein content ranged from 9 to 22.9 g 100 g−1, phenolic compounds ranged from 3.97 to 12.80 mg 100 g−1 (with the addition of herbs/spices, even up to 62.88 mg 100 g−1), and antioxidant activities ranged from 4.32 to 10.23 Trolox g−1 (ABTS assay), depending on the type of fermented materials. The addition of ground seeds/hull did not influence the consumer desirability, whereas the addition of selected herbs/spices, particularly lovage, increased it. The application of fermented red bean and broad bean seeds and their hulls, as part of the assumptions of the planetary diet, enabled enrichment of extruded corn products, which are often consumed by vegans and vegetarians, with nutritionally valuable ingredients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krystyna Szymandera-Buszka
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (K.W.); (M.H.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Małgorzata Gumienna
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Jędrusek-Golińska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (K.W.); (M.H.); (A.G.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-061-848-7372
| | - Katarzyna Waszkowiak
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (K.W.); (M.H.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Marzanna Hęś
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (K.W.); (M.H.); (A.G.-M.)
| | - Artur Szwengiel
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (M.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Anna Gramza-Michałowska
- Department of Gastronomy Science and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 61-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.S.-B.); (K.W.); (M.H.); (A.G.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Teofilovic B, Golocorbin-Kon S, Stilinovic N, Grujic-Letic N, Raškovic A, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H, Mikov M. Pharmacological effects of novel microvesicles of basil, on blood glucose and the lipid profile: a preclinical study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22123. [PMID: 34764416 PMCID: PMC8586354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microencapsulation represents a process that can create targeted, controlled release kinetics of drugs, thus optimizing therapeutic efficacy. Our group has investigated the impact of this technology on Wistar rats to determine pharmacological efficacy of basil extracts. Animals were treated with water extract of Ocimum basilicum in microvesicles and with combination of basil extracts and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5-cholanate, also known as 12-monoketocholic acid (MKC) acid in microvesicles for 7 days. Alloxan was used to induce hyperglycemia. Pharmacological effects on glycemia were evaluated by measuring blood glucose levels in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Microvesicles were prepared using the Büchi-based microencapsulating system developed in our lab. The dose of basil extract that was orally administered in rats was 200 mg/kg and the dose of MKC acid was 4 mg/kg as per established protocols. A seven-day treatment with basil aqueous extract, as well as a combination of basil and MKC acid extract in the pharmaceutical formulation, led to a statistically significant reduction in the blood glucose concentration of animals with alloxan-induced hyperglycemia compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01), which indicates that basil has hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic effects. Microvesicles, as a pharmaceutical-technological formulation, substantially enhance the hypolipidemic action of basil extract with MKC acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Teofilovic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nebojsa Stilinovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Nevena Grujic-Letic
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Raškovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|