Synthesis of novel 2-perfluoroacylcyclohexane-1,3-diones

Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as Versatile Synthons in Synthesis of Heterocycles

Trifluoromethyl group relishes a privileged position in the realm of medicinal chemistry because its incorporation into organic molecules often enhances the bioactivity by altering pharmacological profile of molecule. Trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls have emerged as pivotal building blocks in synthetic organic chemistry due to their facile accessibility, stability and remarkable versatility. Owing to presence of nucleophilic and electrophilic sites, they offer multifunctional sites for the reaction. This review covers a meticulous exploration of their multifaceted role, encompassing an in-depth analysis of mechanism, extensive scope, limitations and wide-ranging applications in diverse organic synthesis, covering the literature from the 21st century. This comprehensive review encapsulates the applications of trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls and their synthetic equivalents as precursors of complex and diverse heterocyclic scaffolds, fused heterocycles and spirocyclic compounds having medicinal and material importance. Their potent synthetic utility in cyclocondensation reactions with binucleophiles, cycloaddition reactions, C-C bond formations, asymmetric multicomponent reactions using classical/solvent-free/catalytic synthesis have been presented. Influence of unsymmetrical trifluoromethyl-β-diketones on regioselectivity of transformation is also reviewed. This review will benefit the synthetic and pharmaceutical communities to explore trifluoromethyl-β-dicarbonyls as trifluoromethyl building blocks for fabrication of heterocyclic scaffolds having implementation into drug discovery programs in the imminent future.

Rhodamine F: a novel class of fluorous ponytailed dyes for bioconjugation

Incorporation of fluorous ponytails such as polyfluorinated alkyl residues (CH2)m(CF2)nCF3 leads to a novel class of bright rhodamine-based fluorescence dyes. These dyes combine the excellent photophysical properties of the frequently used rhodamine dyes with the unique features of "light" fluorous molecules. One of those features is the possibility to separate substances utilizing fluorous solid-phase extraction (F-SPE), which is based on the specific intermolecular interaction between fluorous compounds. Thus, molecules, which are labeled with these new dyes, are not only accessible to fluorescence experiments, but can also be easily purified (via so-called FluoroFlash columns) prior to use. The dyes were bound to a cell penetrating peptoid (polycationic oligo(N-substituted) glycine) on solid supports. These conjugates were purified with F-SPE before their photophysical and biological properties were investigated.