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Tisseraud M, Schulz J, Vimont D, Berlande M, Fernandez P, Hermange P, Fouquet E. Highly hindered 2-(aryl-di-tert-butylsilyl)-N-methyl-imidazoles: a new tool for the aqueous 19F- and 18F-fluorination of biomolecule-based structures. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5098-5101. [PMID: 29714374 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01782d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A new class of silicon-based fluoride acceptors with a C-linked heterocycle as the leaving group was synthesized in one step from commercial chemicals, and linked to biomolecules. The resulting conjugates were efficiently 19F-fluorinated in aqueous mixtures, and switching to 18F-labelling provided nucleoside- and peptide-based bioconjugates with excellent molar activities suitable for biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Tisseraud
- Univ. Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires, UMR-CNRS 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence Cedex, France.
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Jana S, Roy A, Lepore SD. Diversification reactions of γ-silyl allenyl esters: selective conversion to all-carbon quaternary centers and γ-allene dicarbinols. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5125-5127. [PMID: 28435948 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01708a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The unique reactivity of γ-silyl allenyl esters is described. Taking advantage of the silyl group as a fluoride acceptor, these allenoates readily underwent addition to a variety of electrophiles to selectively yield products with all-carbon quaternary centers or allenoate dicarbinols. These dicarbinols were subsequently converted to novel highly substituted 6-hydro-2-pyrones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovan Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991, USA.
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Rugeri B, Audi H, Jewula P, Koudih R, Malacea-Kabbara R, Vimont D, Schulz J, Fernandez P, Jugé S. Designing Silylatedl-Amino Acids using a Wittig Strategy: Synthesis of Peptide Derivatives and18F-Labelling. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Rugeri
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Hassib Audi
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Pawel Jewula
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Radouane Koudih
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Raluca Malacea-Kabbara
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
| | - Delphine Vimont
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Jürgen Schulz
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- Department Institut des Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine (INCIA-UMR CNRS 5287); 146 rue Léo Saignat 33076 Bordeaux CEDEX France
| | - Sylvain Jugé
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne-Franche-Comté; ICMUB-OCS (UMR CNRS 6302); 19 avenue A. Savary BP 47870 21078 Dijon CEDEX France
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Jana S, Al-huniti MH, Yang BY, Lu S, Pike VW, Lepore SD. Crown Ether Nucleophilic Catalysts (CENCs): Agents for Enhanced Silicon Radiofluorination. J Org Chem 2017; 82:2329-2335. [PMID: 28171724 PMCID: PMC5580262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
New bifunctional phase transfer agents were synthesized and investigated for their abilities to promote rapid fluorination at silicon. These agents, dubbed crown ether nucleophilic catalysts (CENCs), are 18-crown-6 derivatives containing a side-arm and a potentially nucleophilic hydroxyl group. These CENCs proved efficacious in the fluorination of hindered silicon substrates, with fluorination yields dependent on the length of linker connecting the metal chelating unit to the hydroxyl group. The efficacy of these CENCs was also demonstrated for rapid radiofluorination under mild conditions for eventual application in molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). The hydrolysis-resistant aryl silicon fragment is promising as a convenient synthon for labeling potential PET radiotracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovan Jana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
| | - Mohammed H. Al-huniti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
| | - Bo Yeun Yang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Shuiyu Lu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Victor W. Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1003
| | - Salvatore D. Lepore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431-0991
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Correra TC, Fernandes AS, Riveros JM. Dynamic/Thermochemical Balance Drives Unusual Alkyl/F Exchange Reactions in Siloxides and Analogs. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1644-51. [PMID: 26911457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b00390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A recent report has shown that siloxides can undergo an unusual Me/F exchange reaction promoted by NF3 in the gas phase ( Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8632-8635). A more extensive study of this kind of exchange has been carried out using mass spectrometry techniques (FT-ICR), DFT calculations, natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis, and Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics simulations (BOMD), using NF3, SO2F2, and CF4 as fluorine donors and evaluating the effect of replacing the Si center by Ge and C. This comprehensive approach shows that NF3 is crucial for the exchange reaction, as SO2F2 forms SO3F(-) via a pentacoordinated channel whereas no reaction is observed for CF4. The uniqueness of NF3 is caused by favorable thermochemical consideration and by dynamic effects that preclude the formation of the ubiquitous Si-F pentacoordinated species. Me3GeO(-) was shown to be as reactive as siloxides toward NF3, whereas C analogs showed no reactions under our experimental conditions. The exchange reaction was also shown to take place for triethylsiloxides. These exchange reactions are examples of reaction systems that avoid the lower energy pathway and are driven by dynamic effects that cannot be explained by the potential energy surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago C Correra
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fundamental, Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil - CEP 05508-000
| | - André S Fernandes
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fundamental, Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil - CEP 05508-000
| | - José M Riveros
- Departamento de Quı́mica Fundamental, Instituto de Quı́mica, Universidade de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil - CEP 05508-000
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Bernard-Gauthier V, Bailey JJ, Liu Z, Wängler B, Wängler C, Jurkschat K, Perrin DM, Schirrmacher R. From Unorthodox to Established: The Current Status of (18)F-Trifluoroborate- and (18)F-SiFA-Based Radiopharmaceuticals in PET Nuclear Imaging. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 27:267-79. [PMID: 26566577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Unorthodox (18)F-labeling strategies not employing the formation of a carbon-(18)F bond are seldom found in radiochemistry. Historically, the formation of a boron- or silicon-(18)F bond has been introduced very early on into the repertoire of labeling chemistries, but is without translation into any clinical radiotracer besides inorganic B[(18)F]F4(-) for brain tumor diagnosis. For many decades these labeling methodologies were forgotten and have just recently been revived by a handful of researchers thinking outside the box. When breaking with established paradigms such as the inability to obtain labeled compounds of high specific activity via isotopic exchange or performing radiofluorination in aqueous media, the research community often reacts skeptically. In 2005 and 2006, two novel labeling methodologies were introduced into radiochemistry for positron emission tomography (PET) tracer development: RBF3(-) labeling reported by Perrin et al. and the SiFA methodology by Schirrmacher, Jurkschat, and Waengler et al. which is based on isotopic exchange (IE). Both labeling methodologies have been complemented by other noncanonical strategies to introduce (18)F into biomolecules of diagnostic importance, thus profoundly enriching the landscape of (18)F radiolabeling. B- and Si-based labeling strategies finally revealed that IE is a viable alternative to established and traditional radiochemistry with the advantage of simplifying both the labeling effort as well as the necessary purification of the radiotracer. Hence IE will be the focus of this contribution over other noncanonical labeling methods. Peptides for tumor imaging especially lend themselves favorably toward one-step labeling via IE, but small molecules have been described as well, taking advantage of these new approaches, and have been used successfully for brain imaging. This Review gives an account of both radiochemistries centered on boron and silicon, describing the very beginnings of their basic research, the path that led to optimization of their chemistries, and the first encouraging preclinical results paving the way to their clinical use. This side by side approach will give the reader the opportunity to follow the development of a new basic discovery into a clinically applicable radiotracer including all the hurdles that have had to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Bernard-Gauthier
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Justin J Bailey
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | | | | | - Klaus Jurkschat
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University of Dortmund , 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - David M Perrin
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia , 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Ralf Schirrmacher
- Division of Oncological Imaging, Department of Oncology, University of Alberta , 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2, Canada
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Chansaenpak K, Vabre B, Gabbaï FP. [(18)F]-Group 13 fluoride derivatives as radiotracers for positron emission tomography. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 45:954-71. [PMID: 26548467 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00687b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The field of (18)F chemistry is rapidly expanding because of the use of this radionuclide in radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). Until recently, most [(18)F]-radiotracers were generated by the direct attachment of (18)F to a carbon in the organic backbone of the radiotracer. The past decade has witnessed the emergence of a new strategy based on the formation of an (18)F-group 13 element bond. This approach, which is rooted in the field of fluoride anion complexation/coordination chemistry, has led to the development of a remarkable family of boron, aluminium and gallium [(18)F]-fluoride anion complexing agents which can be conjugated with peptides and small molecules to generate disease specific PET radiotracers. This review is dedicated to the chemistry of these group 13 [(18)F]-fluorides anion complexing agents and their use in PET. Some of the key fluoride-binding motifs covered in this review include the trifluoroborate unit bound to neutral or cationic electron deficient backbones, the BF2 unit of BODIPY dyes, and AlF or GaF3 units coordinated to multidentate Lewis basic ligands. In addition to describing how these moieties can be converted into their [(18)F]-analogs, this review also dicusses their incorporation into bioconjugates for application in PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantapat Chansaenpak
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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Solid-supported reagents composed of a copolymer possessing 2-O-sulfonyl mannosides and phase-transfer catalysts for the synthesis of 2-fluoroglucose. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5500-3. [PMID: 26525864 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We described the synthesis of a solid-supported co-polymer possessing mannosides and phase-transfer catalysts and synthesis of 2-fluoroglucoside from it. We first prepared a soluble copolymer from two allene monomers possessing a precursor for the synthesis of 2-fluoroglycose and a crown ether. The copolymerization of the monomers via the π-ally nickel-catalyst smoothly proceeded at room temperature to provide a desired copolymer without decomposition of the sulfonate esters. The copolymer exhibited high reactivity towards fluorination in comparison with a conventional precursor. We next synthesized the solid-supported copolymer by using the solid-supported initiator attached with TentaGel® resins. TentaGel® enabled polymerization under stirring with stirring bar without decomposition. The solid-supported copolymer exhibited comparable reactivity towards fluorination in comparison with the soluble copolymer. In addition, it can be easily separated from the reaction vessel by filtration.
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Jana S, Suresh V, Lepore SD. Synthesis of Novel C-Pivot Lariat 18-Crown-6 Ethers and their Efficient Purification. Synlett 2015; 26:1977-1980. [PMID: 26900260 PMCID: PMC4756917 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1378790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of various lariat ethers including several not previously reported and their efficient purification are presented. The synthesis route brings together reactions from a variety of previous works leading to a robust and generalized approach to these C-pivot lariats. The main steps are condensation of functionalized diols with pentaethylene glycol ditosylate in the presence of potassium as a templating cation. Purification of the final products was achieved without chromatography by extracting from an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susovan Jana
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA, Fax: +1(561) 297-2759
| | - Vallabh Suresh
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA, Fax: +1(561) 297-2759
| | - Salvatore D. Lepore
- Department of Chemistry, Florida Atlantic University, 777 Glades Road, Boca Raton, Florida 33431, USA, Fax: +1(561) 297-2759
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¹⁸F-labeled silicon-based fluoride acceptors: potential opportunities for novel positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:454503. [PMID: 25157357 PMCID: PMC4135131 DOI: 10.1155/2014/454503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the recent years, radiopharmaceutical chemistry has experienced a wide variety of innovative pushes towards finding both novel and unconventional radiochemical methods to introduce fluorine-18 into radiotracers for positron emission tomography (PET). These "nonclassical" labeling methodologies based on silicon-, boron-, and aluminium-(18)F chemistry deviate from commonplace bonding of an [(18)F]fluorine atom ((18)F) to either an aliphatic or aromatic carbon atom. One method in particular, the silicon-fluoride-acceptor isotopic exchange (SiFA-IE) approach, invalidates a dogma in radiochemistry that has been widely accepted for many years: the inability to obtain radiopharmaceuticals of high specific activity (SA) via simple IE. METHODOLOGY The most advantageous feature of IE labeling in general is that labeling precursor and labeled radiotracer are chemically identical, eliminating the need to separate the radiotracer from its precursor. SiFA-IE chemistry proceeds in dipolar aprotic solvents at room temperature and below, entirely avoiding the formation of radioactive side products during the IE. SCOPE OF REVIEW A great plethora of different SiFA species have been reported in the literature ranging from small prosthetic groups and other compounds of low molecular weight to labeled peptides and most recently affibody molecules. CONCLUSIONS The literature over the last years (from 2006 to 2014) shows unambiguously that SiFA-IE and other silicon-based fluoride acceptor strategies relying on (18)F(-) leaving group substitutions have the potential to become a valuable addition to radiochemistry.
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