1
|
Fluorinated surfactants: A review on recent progress on synthesis and oilfield applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102634. [PMID: 35305443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The selection of appropriate chemicals and the synthetic method plays an important role in oilfield application. The objectives of this study are to describe the various synthetic route for the preparation of fluorinated surfactants and highlight their oilfield applications. Fluorinated surfactants are the type of surfactants where the hydrophobic tail is either partially fluorinated or replaced totally with fluorine molecules. Fluorinated surfactants have distinct properties compared to corresponding hydrocarbon surfactants such as lower surface tension, better efficiency in lowering the interfacial tension, both oleophobic and hydrophobic nature, high thermal stability, and better chemical tolerance. These properties make them a material of choice for several applications which include but are not limited to fire-fighting, household items, foaming, coating, and paints. Despite these attractive properties, environmental concerns associated with fluorinated surfactants is a major hurdle in extending the application of such surfactants. This review discusses the various synthetic routes for the synthesis of different classes of surfactants such as cationic, anionic, non-ionic, and zwitterionic surfactants. The fundamental surface/interface properties of the synthesized surfactants are also highlighted. In addition, the review highlights the application of fluorinated surfactants in the oil & gas industry.
Collapse
|
2
|
Wu W, Wang J, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Zhou X, Zhang A. Design, synthesis and application of short-chained perfluorinated nitrogenous heterocyclic surfactants for hydrocarbon subphases. J Fluor Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2021.109919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
3
|
Ren W, Xie S, Cheng Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Rong J, Li Z. Synthesis and properties of novel betaine fluorocarbon surfactants. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2021.1984940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China National Petroleum Corp, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, China National Petroleum Corp, Beijing, China
| | - Shuixiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China National Petroleum Corp, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, China National Petroleum Corp, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanpeng Cheng
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingdong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, China National Petroleum Corp, Beijing, China
- Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, China National Petroleum Corp, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jialuo Rong
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zongkun Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Ivasyshyn V, Smit H, Chiechi RC. Synthesis of a Hominal Bis(difluoromethyl) Fragment. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:14140-14150. [PMID: 31497734 PMCID: PMC6714539 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the synthesis of a discrete unit of hominal bis(gem-CF2). The controlled introduction of fluorine atoms is a powerful synthetic tool to introduce dipole moments with minimal impact to sterics. Poly(vinylidene difluoride) is a striking example of the influence of fluorine atoms, which impart ferroelectric behavior from the alignment of the dipole moments of CF2 units; however, it is prepared via direct polymerization of vinylidene difluoride. Thus, a different synthetic pathway is required to produce synthons containing discrete numbers of CF2 groups in a hominal relation to each other. We found out that, in the case of short chains, the consecutive deoxofluorination of sequentially introduced keto groups is inefficient, as it requires harsh conditions and decreasing yields at each step. To solve this problem, we combined the selective desulfurative fluorination of dithiolanes with pyridinium fluoride and the deoxofluorination of keto groups with morpholinosulfur trifluoride. This strategy is highly reproducible and scalable, allowing the synthesis of the hominal bis(gem-CF2) fragment as a shelf-stable tosylate, which can be used to install discrete chains of hominal bis(gem-CF2) on a variety of synthons and monomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Ivasyshyn
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Smit
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu X, Zhong C, Lian X, Yang Y. Solution properties and aggregating structures for a fluorine-containing polymeric surfactant with a poly(ethylene oxide) macro-monomer. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180610. [PMID: 30225057 PMCID: PMC6124058 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A polymeric surfactant (PFSA) was synthesized by the aqueous free-radical copolymerization using acrylamide, sodium 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate, allyl-capped octylphenoxy poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) with the polymerization degree of 20 (AOP) and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluoro-1-decyl p-vinylbenzyl ether (VF). PFSA exhibited both the good surface and interfacial activities and the thickening behaviour. It could be used in enhanced oil recovery to increase both sweep and oil displacement efficiencies. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of PFSA was 0.1 g l-1 in aqueous solution. The spherical micelles with the diameter of 100 nm were formed at CMC, and numerous compact worm-shaped micelles were observed above CMC. The interfacial tension was 0.027 mN m-1 for the 0.1 g l-1 PFSA solution containing 5 g l-1 NaCl and 0.209 g l-1 SDBS. The PFSA solutions still showed low interfacial tensions at high NaCl concentrations and temperatures, respectively, because of the incorporation of both VF and AOP containing long PEO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Wu
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanrong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofei Lian
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
- Down Hole Operation Sub-Company, Daqing Oilfield, Daqing 163000, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Yang
- College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhong C, Lian X, Huang J, Li L. Surface and Interfacial Properties and Alteration Behavior of Wetting for a Polymeric Surfactant Containing Fluorine in Aqueous and Brine Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanrong Zhong
- State
Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
- College
of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaofei Lian
- College
of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
- Downhole
Operation Sub-Company, Daqing Oilfield, Daqing 163000, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- College
of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Longfei Li
- College
of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
|
9
|
|
10
|
Wang Z, Cousins IT, Scheringer M, Hungerbuehler K. Hazard assessment of fluorinated alternatives to long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and their precursors: status quo, ongoing challenges and possible solutions. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 75:172-9. [PMID: 25461427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Because of concerns over the impact of long-chain perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) on humans and the environment, PFAAs and their precursors are being substituted by alternative substances including fluorinated alternatives that are structurally similar to the substances they replace. Using publicly accessible information, we aimed to identify the status quo of the hazard assessment of identified fluorinated alternatives, to analyze possible systemic shortcomings of the current industrial transition to alternative substances, and to outline possible solutions. Fluorinated alternatives, particularly short-chain PFAAs and perfluoroether carboxylic and sulfonic acids (PFECAs and PFESAs), possess high environmental stability and mobility implying that they have a high global contamination potential. In addition to their potential for causing global exposures, certain fluorinated alternatives have been identified as toxic and are thus likely to pose global risks to humans and the environment. Various factors, particularly the information asymmetry between industry and other stakeholders, have contributed to the current lack of knowledge about the risks posed by fluorinated alternatives. Available cases show that a non-fluorinated substitution strategy (employing either chemical or functionality substitutions) can be a possible long-term, sustainable solution and needs to be further developed and assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyun Wang
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Ian T Cousins
- Department of Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scheringer
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Sustainable and Environmental Chemistry, Leuphana University Lüneburg, D-21335 Lüneburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Hungerbuehler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) cotelomer iodides and their transformation to surface protection intermediates. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|