1
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Terzani F, Belhattab S, Le Guern A, Guitot K, Monasson O, Zanato C, Chelain E, Leroy-Dudal J, Pytkowicz J. Synthesis and biological evaluation of selective Pepstatin based trifluoromethylated inhibitors of Cathepsin D. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116178. [PMID: 38295686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cathepsin D (CD) is overexpressed in several types of cancer and constitutes an important biological target. Pepstatin A, a pentapeptide incorporating two non-proteinogenic statin residues, is among the most potent inhibitor of CD but lacks selectivity and suffers from poor bioavailability. Eight analogues of Pepstatin A, were synthesized, replacing residues in P3 or P1 position by non-canonical (S)- and (R)-α-Trifluoromethyl Alanine (TfmAla), (S)- and (R)-Trifluoromethionine (TFM) or non-natural d-Valine. The biological activities of those analogues were quantified on isolated CD and Pepsin by fluorescence-based assay (FRET) and cytotoxicity of the best fluorinated inhibitors was evaluated on SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line. (R)-TFM based analog of Pepstatin A (compound 6) returned a sub-nanomolar IC50 against CD and an increased selectivity. Molecular Docking experiments could partially rationalize these results. Stabilized inhibitor 6 in the catalytic pocket of CD showed strong hydrophobic interactions of the long and flexible TFM side chain with lipophilic residues of S1 and S3 sub-pockets of the catalytic pocket. The newly synthesized inhibitors returned no cytotoxicity at IC50 concentrations on SKOV3 cancer cells, however the compounds derived from (S)-TfmAla and (R)-TFM led to modifications of cells morphologies, associated with altered organization of F-actin and extracellular Fibronectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Terzani
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Sherazade Belhattab
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Aurore Le Guern
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Karine Guitot
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Olivier Monasson
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Chiara Zanato
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Evelyne Chelain
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
| | - Johanne Leroy-Dudal
- Equipe de Recherche sur les Relations Matrice Extracellulaire-Cellules, ERRMECe, (EA1391), Groupe Matrice Extracellulaire et Physiopathologie (MECuP), CY Cergy Paris Université, Neuville sur Oise, France.
| | - Julien Pytkowicz
- CY Cergy Paris Université, CNRS, BIOCIS UMR 8076, 95000, Cergy Pontoise, France; Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, BioCIS UMR 8076, 91400, Orsay, France.
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2
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Chowdhary S, Pelzer T, Saathoff M, Quaas E, Pendl J, Fulde M, Koksch B. Fine‐tuning the antimicrobial activity of β‐hairpin peptides with fluorinated amino acids. Pept Sci (Hoboken) 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pep2.24306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suvrat Chowdhary
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Tim Pelzer
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Mareike Saathoff
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Core Facility SupraFAB Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Johanna Pendl
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Marcus Fulde
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre of Infection Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research (TZR) Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
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3
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Chowdhary S, Schmidt RF, Sahoo AK, Tom Dieck T, Hohmann T, Schade B, Brademann-Jock K, Thünemann AF, Netz RR, Gradzielski M, Koksch B. Rational design of amphiphilic fluorinated peptides: evaluation of self-assembly properties and hydrogel formation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10176-10189. [PMID: 35796261 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr01648f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Advanced peptide-based nanomaterials composed of self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are of emerging interest in pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. The introduction of fluorine into peptides, in fact, offers unique opportunities to tune their biophysical properties and intermolecular interactions. In particular, the degree of fluorination plays a crucial role in peptide engineering as it can be used to control the characteristics of fluorine-specific interactions and, thus, peptide conformation and self-assembly. Here, we designed and explored a series of amphipathic peptides by incorporating the fluorinated amino acids (2S)-4-monofluoroethylglycine (MfeGly), (2S)-4,4-difluoroethylglycine (DfeGly) and (2S)-4,4,4-trifluoroethylglycine (TfeGly) as hydrophobic components. This approach enabled studying the impact of fluorination on secondary structure formation and peptide self-assembly on a systematic basis. We show that the interplay between polarity and hydrophobicity, both induced differentially by varying degrees of side chain fluorination, does affect peptide folding significantly. A greater degree of fluorination promotes peptide fibrillation and subsequent formation of physical hydrogels in physiological conditions. Molecular simulations revealed the key role played by electrostatically driven intra-chain and inter-chain contact pairs that are modulated by side chain fluorination and give insights into the different self-organization behaviour of selected peptides. Our study provides a systematic report about the distinct features of fluorinated oligomeric peptides with potential applications as peptide-based biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvrat Chowdhary
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Robert Franz Schmidt
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anil Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Tiemo Tom Dieck
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Thomas Hohmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Boris Schade
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Core Facility BioSupraMol, Freie Universität Berlin, Fabeckstraße 36a, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Brademann-Jock
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F Thünemann
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- Institute of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 20, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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4
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Leppkes J, Dimos N, Loll B, Hohmann T, Dyrks M, Wieseke A, Keller BG, Koksch B. Fluorine-induced polarity increases inhibitory activity of BPTI towards chymotrypsin. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:773-782. [PMID: 35755190 PMCID: PMC9175108 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00018k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substituting the P1 position in bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is known to heavily influence its inhibitory activity towards serine proteases. Side-chain fluorinated aliphatic amino acids have been shown to alter numerous properties of peptides and proteins and thus are of interest in the context of BPTI. In our study, we systematically investigated the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into BPTI by microwave-assisted solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). Inhibitor activity of the variants was tested towards the serine protease α-chymotrypsin. We observed enhanced inhibition of two fluorinated BPTIs compared to wild type and hydrocarbon variants. To further investigate the complexes, we performed X-ray structure analysis. Our findings underline the power fluorine offers as a tool in protein engineering to beneficially alter the effects on phenomena as protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Leppkes
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Nicole Dimos
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bernhard Loll
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Structural Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 6 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Thomas Hohmann
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Michael Dyrks
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Ariane Wieseke
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Bettina G Keller
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 22 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin Arnimallee 20 14195 Berlin Germany
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5
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Huhmann S, Nyakatura EK, Rohrhofer A, Moschner J, Schmidt B, Eichler J, Roth C, Koksch B. Systematic Evaluation of Fluorination as Modification for Peptide-Based Fusion Inhibitors against HIV-1 Infection. Chembiochem 2021; 22:3443-3451. [PMID: 34605595 PMCID: PMC9297971 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
With the emergence of novel viruses, the development of new antivirals is more urgent than ever. A key step in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is six-helix bundle formation within the envelope protein subunit gp41. Selective disruption of bundle formation by peptides has been shown to be effective; however, these drugs, exemplified by T20, are prone to rapid clearance from the patient. The incorporation of non-natural amino acids is known to improve these pharmacokinetic properties. Here, we evaluate a peptide inhibitor in which a critical Ile residue is replaced by fluorinated analogues. We characterized the influence of the fluorinated analogues on the biophysical properties of the peptide. Furthermore, we show that the fluorinated peptides can block HIV-1 infection of target cells at nanomolar levels. These findings demonstrate that fluorinated amino acids are appropriate tools for the development of novel peptide therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huhmann
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Elisabeth K. Nyakatura
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
- Antibody Engineering Tri-Institutional Therapeutics Discovery Institute417 East 68th Street, 19 Floor North, P: 646-888-2003New YorkNY 10021USA
| | - Anette Rohrhofer
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and HygieneRegensburg University HospitalFranz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Johann Moschner
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Barbara Schmidt
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and HygieneRegensburg University HospitalFranz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 1193053RegensburgGermany
| | - Jutta Eichler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergDepartment Chemie und PharmazieNikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 1091058ErlangenGermany
| | - Christian Roth
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and InterfacesBiomolecular SystemsArnimallee 2214195BerlinGermany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Freie Universität BerlinDepartment of Biology, Chemistry and PharmacyInstitute of Chemistry and BiochemistryArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
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6
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Chowdhary S, Moschner J, Mikolajczak DJ, Becker M, Thünemann AF, Kästner C, Klemczak D, Stegemann A, Böttcher C, Metrangolo P, Netz RR, Koksch B. The Impact of Halogenated Phenylalanine Derivatives on NFGAIL Amyloid Formation. Chembiochem 2020; 21:3544-3554. [PMID: 33405360 PMCID: PMC7756607 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The hexapeptide hIAPP22-27 (NFGAIL) is known as a crucial amyloid core sequence of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) whose aggregates can be used to better understand the wild-type hIAPP's toxicity to β-cell death. In amyloid research, the role of hydrophobic and aromatic-aromatic interactions as potential driving forces during the aggregation process is controversially discussed not only in case of NFGAIL, but also for amyloidogenic peptides in general. We have used halogenation of the aromatic residue as a strategy to modulate hydrophobic and aromatic-aromatic interactions and prepared a library of NFGAIL variants containing fluorinated and iodinated phenylalanine analogues. We used thioflavin T staining, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to study the impact of side-chain halogenation on NFGAIL amyloid formation kinetics. Our data revealed a synergy between aggregation behavior and hydrophobicity of the phenylalanine residue. This study introduces systematic fluorination as a toolbox to further investigate the nature of the amyloid self-assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvrat Chowdhary
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Johann Moschner
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Dorian J. Mikolajczak
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Maximilian Becker
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Andreas F. Thünemann
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Claudia Kästner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM)Unter den Eichen 8712205BerlinGermany
| | - Damian Klemczak
- Institute of PharmacyFreie Universität BerlinKönigin-Luise-Str. 2–414195BerlinGermany
| | - Anne‐Katrin Stegemann
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
| | - Christoph Böttcher
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Core Facility BioSupraMolFreie Universität BerlinFabeckstraße 36a14195BerlinGermany
| | - Pierangelo Metrangolo
- Department of ChemistryMaterials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”Politecnico di MilanoVia L. Mancinelli 720131MilanItaly
| | - Roland R. Netz
- Department of PhysicsFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 1414195BerlinGermany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and BiochemistryFreie Universität BerlinArnimallee 2014195BerlinGermany
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7
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Robalo JR, Streacker LM, Mendes de Oliveira D, Imhof P, Ben-Amotz D, Verde AV. Hydrophobic but Water-Friendly: Favorable Water–Perfluoromethyl Interactions Promote Hydration Shell Defects. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:15856-15868. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- João R. Robalo
- Department of Theory & Bio-systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park, Potsdam 14476, Germany
| | - Louis M. Streacker
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | | | - Petra Imhof
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Free University of Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dor Ben-Amotz
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ana Vila Verde
- Department of Theory & Bio-systems, Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park, Potsdam 14476, Germany
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8
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Mueller C, Grossmann TN. Coiled-Coil Peptide Beacon: A Tunable Conformational Switch for Protein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:17079-17083. [PMID: 30411434 PMCID: PMC6391972 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201811515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of protein folding and assembly is of central importance for the design of proteins and enzymes with novel or improved functions. Minimalistic model systems, such as coiled-coils, provide an excellent platform to improve this understanding and to construct novel molecular devices. Along those lines, we designed a conformational switch that is composed of two coiled-coil forming peptides and a central binding epitope. In the absence of a binding partner, this switch adopts a hairpin-like conformation that opens upon receptor binding. Variation of the coiled-coil length modulates the strength of the intramolecular constraint. The two conformational states of this switch have been linked with characteristic fluorescent properties, which enables the detection of the receptor in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mueller
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom N Grossmann
- VU University Amsterdam, Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Mueller C, Grossmann TN. Coiled‐Coil Peptide Beacon: A Tunable Conformational Switch for Protein Detection. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201811515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Mueller
- VU University Amsterdam Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Tom N. Grossmann
- VU University Amsterdam Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences De Boelelaan 1108 1081 HZ Amsterdam The Netherlands
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10
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Huhmann S, Koksch B. Fine-Tuning the Proteolytic Stability of Peptides with Fluorinated Amino Acids. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huhmann
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14169 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universität Berlin; Takustr. 3 14169 Berlin Germany
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11
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Oliver M, Gadais C, García-Pindado J, Teixidó M, Lensen N, Chaume G, Brigaud T. Trifluoromethylated proline analogues as efficient tools to enhance the hydrophobicity and to promote passive diffusion transport of the l-prolyl-l-leucyl glycinamide (PLG) tripeptide. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14597-14602. [PMID: 35540789 PMCID: PMC9079923 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02511h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of four CF3-proline analogues of the PLG peptide is reported. Our results show that the incorporation of trifluoromethylated amino acids (Tfm-AAs) at the N-terminal position of a peptide significantly increases its hydrophobicity. In addition, depending on the relative configuration and the position of the CF3 group, Tfm-AAs can also promote passive diffusion transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Oliver
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise France
| | - Charlène Gadais
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise France
| | - Júlia García-Pindado
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) C/ Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Meritxell Teixidó
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST) C/ Baldiri Reixac 10 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Nathalie Lensen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise France
| | - Grégory Chaume
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise France
| | - Thierry Brigaud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biologique (LCB), Université de Cergy-Pontoise 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Neuville-sur-Oise 95031 Cergy-Pontoise France
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12
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Huhmann S, Stegemann AK, Folmert K, Klemczak D, Moschner J, Kube M, Koksch B. Position-dependent impact of hexafluoroleucine and trifluoroisoleucine on protease digestion. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2869-2882. [PMID: 29564015 PMCID: PMC5753150 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid digestion by proteases limits the application of peptides as therapeutics. One strategy to increase the proteolytic stability of peptides is the modification with fluorinated amino acids. This study presents a systematic investigation of the effects of fluorinated leucine and isoleucine derivatives on the proteolytic stability of a peptide that was designed to comprise substrate specificities of different proteases. Therefore, leucine, isoleucine, and their side-chain fluorinated variants were site-specifically incorporated at different positions of this peptide resulting in a library of 13 distinct peptides. The stability of these peptides towards proteolysis by α-chymotrypsin, pepsin, proteinase K, and elastase was studied, and this process was followed by an FL-RP-HPLC assay in combination with mass spectrometry. In a few cases, we observed an exceptional increase in proteolytic stability upon introduction of the fluorine substituents. The opposite phenomenon was observed in other cases, and this may be explained by specific interactions of fluorinated residues with the respective enzyme binding sites. Noteworthy is that 5,5,5-trifluoroisoleucine is able to significantly protect peptides from proteolysis by all enzymes included in this study when positioned N-terminal to the cleavage site. These results provide valuable information for the application of fluorinated amino acids in the design of proteolytically stable peptide-based pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Huhmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Katrin Stegemann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristin Folmert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Damian Klemczak
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johann Moschner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Kube
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Kubyshkin V, Budisa N. Hydrolysis, polarity, and conformational impact of C-terminal partially fluorinated ethyl esters in peptide models. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:2442-2457. [PMID: 29234471 PMCID: PMC5704756 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated moieties are highly valuable to chemists due to the sensitive NMR detectability of the 19F nucleus. Fluorination of molecular scaffolds can also selectively influence a molecule's polarity, conformational preferences and chemical reactivity, properties that can be exploited for various chemical applications. A powerful route for incorporating fluorine atoms in biomolecules is last-stage fluorination of peptide scaffolds. One of these methods involves esterification of the C-terminus of peptides using a diazomethane species. Here, we provide an investigation of the physicochemical consequences of peptide esterification with partially fluorinated ethyl groups. Derivatives of N-acetylproline are used to model the effects of fluorination on the lipophilicity, hydrolytic stability and on conformational properties. The conformational impact of the 2,2-difluoromethyl ester on several neutral and charged oligopeptides was also investigated. Our results demonstrate that partially fluorinated esters undergo variable hydrolysis in biologically relevant buffers. The hydrolytic stability can be tailored over a broad pH range by varying the number of fluorine atoms in the ester moiety or by introducing adjacent charges in the peptide sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Biocatalysis group, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin 10623, Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis group, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin 10623, Germany
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14
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Berger AA, Völler JS, Budisa N, Koksch B. Deciphering the Fluorine Code-The Many Hats Fluorine Wears in a Protein Environment. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2093-2103. [PMID: 28803466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the fluorine code is how we describe not only the focus of this Account, but also the systematic approach to studying the impact of fluorine's incorporation on the properties of peptides and proteins used by our groups and others. The introduction of fluorine has been shown to impart favorable, but seldom predictable, properties to peptides and proteins, but up until about two decades ago the outcomes of fluorine modification of peptides and proteins were largely left to chance. Driven by the motivation to extend the application of the unique properties of the element fluorine from medicinal and agro chemistry to peptide and protein engineering we have established extensive research programs that enable the systematic investigation of effects that accompany the introduction of fluorine into this class of biopolymers. The introduction of fluorine into amino acids offers a universe of options for modifications with regard to number and position of fluorine substituents in the amino acid side chain. Moreover, it is important to emphasize that the consequences of incorporating the C-F bond into a biopolymer can be attributed to two distinct yet related phenomena: (i) the fluorine substituent can directly engage in intermolecular interactions with its environment and/or (ii) the other functional groups present in the molecule can be influenced by the electron withdrawing nature of this element (intramolecular) and in turn interact differently with their immediate environment (intermolecular). Based on our studies, we have shown that a change in number and/or position of as subtle as one single fluorine substituent has the power to considerably modify key properties of amino acids such as hydrophobicity, polarity, and secondary structure propensity. These properties are crucial factors in peptide and protein engineering, and thus, fluorinated amino acids can be applied to fine-tune properties such as protein folding, proteolytic stability, and protein-protein interactions provided we understand and become able to predict the outcome of a fluorine substitution in this context. With this Account, we attempt to analyze information we gained from our recent projects on how the nature of the fluorine atom and C-F bond influence four key properties of peptides and proteins: peptide folding, protein-protein interactions, ribosomal translation, and protease stability. These results impressively show why the introduction of fluorine creates a new class of amino acids with a repertoire of functionalities that is unique to the world of proteins and in some cases orthogonal to the set of canonical and natural amino acids. Our concluding statements aim to offer a few conserved design principles that have emerged from systematic studies over the last two decades; in this way, we hope to advance the field of peptide and protein engineering based on the judicious introduction of fluorinated building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Ann Berger
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry − Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Stefan Völler
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institute
of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Beate Koksch
- Institute
of Chemistry and Biochemistry − Organic Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustrasse 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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Perfluoroalkylation of Alkenes by Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Chemistry 2016; 22:17177-17181. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Michurin OM, Afonin S, Berditsch M, Daniliuc CG, Ulrich AS, Komarov IV, Radchenko DS. Delivering Structural Information on the Polar Face of Membrane‐Active Peptides:
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F‐NMR Labels with a Cationic Side Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:14595-14599. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201607161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Marina Berditsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Institute of High Technologies Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv vul. Volodymyrska 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S. Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd. vul. Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC) KIT Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Michurin OM, Afonin S, Berditsch M, Daniliuc CG, Ulrich AS, Komarov IV, Radchenko DS. Delivering Structural Information on the Polar Face of Membrane-Active Peptides: 19
F-NMR Labels with a Cationic Side Chain. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201607161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergii Afonin
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Marina Berditsch
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); KIT; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Westfalische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Münster Germany
| | - Anne S. Ulrich
- Institute of Biological Interfaces (IBG-2); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); POB 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); KIT; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Igor V. Komarov
- Institute of High Technologies; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv; vul. Volodymyrska 60 01601 Kyiv Ukraine
| | - Dmytro S. Radchenko
- Enamine Ltd.; vul. Chervonotkatska 78 02094 Kyiv Ukraine
- Institute of Organic Chemistry (IOC); KIT; Fritz-Haber-Weg 6 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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Abstract
As methods to incorporate noncanonical amino acid residues into proteins have become more powerful, interest in their use to modify the physical and biological properties of proteins and enzymes has increased. This chapter discusses the use of highly fluorinated analogs of hydrophobic amino acids, for example, hexafluoroleucine, in protein design. In particular, fluorinated residues have proven to be generally effective in increasing the thermodynamic stability of proteins. The chapter provides an overview of the different fluorinated amino acids that have been used in protein design and the various methods available for producing fluorinated proteins. It discusses model proteins systems into which highly fluorinated amino acids have been introduced and the reasons why fluorinated residues are generally stabilizing, with particular reference to thermodynamic and structural studies from our laboratory. Lastly, details of the methodology we have developed to measure the thermodynamic stability of oligomeric fluorinated proteins are presented, as this may be generally applicable to many proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N G Marsh
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States.
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