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Šedajová V, Bakandritsos A, Błoński P, Medveď M, Langer R, Zaoralová D, Ugolotti J, Dzíbelová J, Jakubec P, Kupka V, Otyepka M. Nitrogen doped graphene with diamond-like bonds achieves unprecedented energy density at high power in a symmetric sustainable supercapacitor. ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE 2022; 15:740-748. [PMID: 35308297 PMCID: PMC8848332 DOI: 10.1039/d1ee02234b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Supercapacitors have attracted great interest because of their fast, reversible operation and sustainability. However, their energy densities remain lower than those of batteries. In the last decade, supercapacitors with an energy content of ∼110 W h L-1 at a power of ∼1 kW L-1 were developed by leveraging the open framework structure of graphene-related architectures. Here, we report that the reaction of fluorographene with azide anions enables the preparation of a material combining graphene-type sp2 layers with tetrahedral carbon-carbon bonds and nitrogen (pyridinic and pyrrolic) superdoping (16%). Theoretical investigations showed that the C-C bonds develop between carbon-centered radicals, which emerge in the vicinity of the nitrogen dopants. This material, with diamond-like bonds and an ultra-high mass density of 2.8 g cm-3, is an excellent host for the ions, delivering unprecedented energy densities of 200 W h L-1 at a power of 2.6 kW L-1 and 143 W h L-1 at 52 kW L-1. These findings open a route to materials whose properties may enable a transformative improvement in the performance of supercapacitor components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Šedajová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University 17. listopadu 1192/12 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Aristides Bakandritsos
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Nanotechnology Centre, Centre of Energy and Environmental Technologies, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 Poruba 708 00 Ostrava Czech Republic
| | - Piotr Błoński
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Medveď
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Rostislav Langer
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University 17. listopadu 1192/12 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Zaoralová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University 17. listopadu 1192/12 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Juri Ugolotti
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dzíbelová
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc 17. listopadu 1192/12 Olomouc 77900 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Jakubec
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Kupka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Michal Otyepka
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute (CATRIN), Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic
- IT4Innovations, VŠB-Technical University of Ostrava 17. listopadu 2172/15 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba Czech Republic
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