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Parra JA, Calvache C, Alzamendi GA, Ibarra EJ, Soláque L, Peterson SD, Zañartu M. Asymmetric triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds with bilateral intrinsic muscle activation. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2024; 156:939-953. [PMID: 39133633 DOI: 10.1121/10.0028164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Many voice disorders are linked to imbalanced muscle activity and known to exhibit asymmetric vocal fold vibration. However, the relation between imbalanced muscle activation and asymmetric vocal fold vibration is not well understood. This study introduces an asymmetric triangular body-cover model of the vocal folds, controlled by the activation of bilateral intrinsic laryngeal muscles, to investigate the effects of muscle imbalance on vocal fold oscillation. Various scenarios were considered, encompassing imbalance in individual muscles and muscle pairs, as well as accounting for asymmetry in lumped element parameters. Measurements of amplitude and phase asymmetries were employed to match the oscillatory behavior of two pathological cases: unilateral paralysis and muscle tension dysphonia. The resulting simulations exhibit muscle imbalance consistent with expectations in the composition of these voice disorders, yielding asymmetries exceeding 30% for paralysis and below 5% for dysphonia. This underscores the relevance of muscle imbalance in representing phonatory scenarios and its potential for characterizing asymmetry in vocal fold vibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A Parra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Carlos Calvache
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar, Bogota, Colombia
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, Corporación Universitaria Iberoamericana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Gabriel A Alzamendi
- Institute for Research and Development on Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Emiro J Ibarra
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Leonardo Soláque
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Universidad Militar, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matías Zañartu
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaíso, Chile
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2
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Wu L, Zhang Z. Effects of implant and vocal fold stiffness on voice production after medialization laryngoplasty in an MRI-based vocal fold model. J Biomech 2023; 149:111483. [PMID: 36787673 PMCID: PMC10368372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Medialization laryngoplasty is one of the primary surgical interventions in the treatment of glottal insufficiency due to vocal fold paralysis, paresis, or atrophy. During the surgery, an implant is laterally inserted into the larynx to medialize the affected vocal fold toward glottal midline, with the goal of improving glottal closure during phonation and voice production efficiency. While implants of different materials and geometry designs have been used, the effect of implant design on the voice outcome remains unclear. In this simulation study, the effect of implant stiffness was investigated in an MRI-based model of the vocal folds after medialization laryngoplasty. The results showed that implant stiffness had a significant impact on the phonation threshold pressure, glottal area waveform, and fundamental frequency, but only small effect on the closed quotient and other acoustic measures of the produced voice. The effect of implant stiffness also exhibited variability, depending on the stiffness conditions of the vocal fold and paraglottic tissues, indicating that individual differences need to be considered during the planning of medialization laryngoplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China; Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 31-24 Rehabilitation Center, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1794, USA
| | - Zhaoyan Zhang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, 31-24 Rehabilitation Center, 1000 Veteran Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1794, USA.
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3
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Sundström E, Oren L, Farbos de Luzan C, Gutmark E, Khosla S. Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Aerodynamic and Elasticity Forces During Vocal Fold Vibration. J Voice 2022:S0892-1997(22)00271-5. [PMID: 36180275 PMCID: PMC10040475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2022.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The effect of the intraglottal vortices on the glottal flow waveform was explored using flow-structure-interaction (FSI) modeling. These vortices form near the superior aspect of the vocal folds during the closing phase of the folds' vibration. The geometry of the vocal fold was based on the well-known M5 model. The model did not include a vocal tract to remove its inertance effect on the glottal flow. Material properties for the cover and body layers of the folds were set using curve fit to experimental data of tissue elasticity. A commercially available FSI solver was used to perform simulations at low and high values of subglottal input pressure. Validation of the FSI results showed a good agreement for the glottal flow and the vocal fold displacement data with measurements taken in the excised canine larynx model. The simulations result further support the hypothesis that intraglottal vortices can affect the glottal flow waveform, specifically its maximum flow declination rate (MFDR). It showed that MFDR occurs at the same phase when the highest intraglottal vortical strength and the negative pressure occur. It also showed that when MFDR occurs, the magnitude of the aerodynamic force acting on the glottal wall is greater than the elastic recoil force predicted in the tissue. These findings are significant because nearly all theoretical and computational models that study the vocal fold vibrations mechanism do not consider the intraglottal negative pressure caused by the vortices as an additional closing force acting on the folds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Sundström
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Liran Oren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - Charles Farbos de Luzan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ephraim Gutmark
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sid Khosla
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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4
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Alviso D, Sciamarella D, Gronskis A, Artana G. Flow-induced self-sustained oscillations in a straight channel with rigid walls and elastic supports. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:065005. [PMID: 35998610 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac8c0f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This work considers the two-dimensional flow field of an incompressible viscous fluid in a parallel-sided channel. In our study, one of the walls is fixed whereas the other one is elastically mounted, and sustained oscillations are induced by the fluid motion. The flow that forces the wall movement is produced as a consequence that one of the ends of the channel is pressurized, whereas the opposite end is at atmospheric pressure. The study aims at reducing the complexity of models for several physiological systems in which fluid-structure interaction produces large deformation of the wall. We report the experimental results of the observed self-sustained oscillations. These oscillations occur at frequencies close to the natural frequency of the system. The vertical motion is accompanied by a slight trend to rotate the moving mass at intervals when the gap height is quite narrow. We propose a simplified analytical model to explore the conditions under which this motion is possible. The analytical approach considers asymptotic solutions of the Navier-Stokes equation with a perturbation technique. The comparison between the experimental pressure measured at the midlength of the channel and the analytical result issued with a model neglecting viscous effects shows a very good agreement. Also, the rotating trend of the moving wall can be explained in terms of the quadratic dependence of the pressure with the streamwise coordinate that is predicted by this simplified model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Alviso
- Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850 CABA, Argentina
- Universidad María Auxiliadora, Ruta Traschaco Km 12.5, Loma Pyta, Paraguay
| | - Denisse Sciamarella
- Institut Franco-Argentin d'Études sur le Climat et ses Impacts, IFAECI IRL 3351 (CNRS-CONICET-UBA-IRD), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandro Gronskis
- Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850 CABA, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Artana
- Laboratorio de Fluidodinámica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Paseo Colón 850 CABA, Argentina
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5
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Avhad A, Li Z, Wilson A, Sayce L, Chang S, Rousseau B, Luo H. Subject-Specific Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of Rabbit Vocal Fold Vibration. FLUIDS 2022; 7. [PMID: 35480340 PMCID: PMC9040707 DOI: 10.3390/fluids7030097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
A full three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) study of subject-specific vocal fold vibration is carried out based on the previously reconstructed vocal fold models of rabbit larynges. Our primary focuses are the vibration characteristics of the vocal fold, the unsteady 3D flow field, and comparison with a recently developed 1D glottal flow model that incorporates machine learning. The 3D FSI model applies strong coupling between the finite-element model for the vocal fold tissue and the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation for the flow. Five different samples of the rabbit larynx, reconstructed from the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans after the in vivo phonation experiments, are used in the FSI simulation. These samples have distinct geometries and a different inlet pressure measured in the experiment. Furthermore, the material properties of the vocal fold tissue were determined previously for each individual sample. The results demonstrate that the vibration and the intraglottal pressure from the 3D flow simulation agree well with those from the 1D flow model based simulation. Further 3D analyses show that the inferior and supraglottal geometries play significant roles in the FSI process. Similarity of the flow pattern with the human vocal fold is discussed. This study supports the effective usage of rabbit larynges to understand human phonation and will help guide our future computational studies that address vocal fold disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Avhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Azure Wilson
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Lea Sayce
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Siyuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Haoxiang Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-615-322-2079
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6
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Lodermeyer A, Bagheri E, Kniesburges S, Näger C, Probst J, Döllinger M, Becker S. The mechanisms of harmonic sound generation during phonation: A multi-modal measurement-based approach. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 150:3485. [PMID: 34852620 DOI: 10.1121/10.0006974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sound generation during voiced speech remains an open research topic because the underlying process within the human larynx is hardly accessible for direct measurements. In the present study, harmonic sound generation during phonation was investigated with a model that replicates the fully coupled fluid-structure-acoustic interaction (FSAI). The FSAI was captured using a multi-modal approach by measuring the flow and acoustic source fields based on particle image velocimetry, as well as the surface velocity of the vocal folds based on laser vibrometry and high-speed imaging. Strong harmonic sources were localized near the glottis, as well as further downstream, during the presence of the supraglottal jet. The strongest harmonic content of the vocal fold surface motion was verified for the area near the glottis, which directly interacts with the glottal jet flow. Also, the acoustic back-coupling of the formant frequencies onto the harmonic oscillation of the vocal folds was verified. These findings verify that harmonic sound generation is the result of a strong interrelation between the vocal fold motion, modulated flow field, and vocal tract geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lodermeyer
- Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Eman Bagheri
- Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Stefan Kniesburges
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Christoph Näger
- Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Judith Probst
- Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
| | - Michael Döllinger
- Division of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Medical School, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Department of Process Machinery and Systems Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91058, Germany
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Hadwin PJ, Erath BD, Peterson SD. The influence of flow model selection on finite element model parameter estimation using Bayesian inference. JASA EXPRESS LETTERS 2021; 1:045204. [PMID: 34136884 PMCID: PMC8182970 DOI: 10.1121/10.0004260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Bayesian estimation coupled with finite element modeling has been demonstrated as a viable tool for estimating vocal fold material properties from kinematic information obtained via high-speed video recordings. In this article, the sensitivity of the parameter estimations to the employed fluid model is explored by considering Bernoulli and one-dimensional viscous fluid flow models. Simulation results indicate that prescribing an ad hoc separation location for the Bernoulli flow model can lead to large estimate biases, whereas including the separation location as an estimated parameter leads to results comparable to that of the viscous fluid flow model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Hadwin
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Byron D Erath
- Department of Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, USA , ,
| | - Sean D Peterson
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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8
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Li Z, Chen Y, Chang S, Rousseau B, Luo H. A one-dimensional flow model enhanced by machine learning for simulation of vocal fold vibration. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2021; 149:1712. [PMID: 33765799 PMCID: PMC7954577 DOI: 10.1121/10.0003561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A one-dimensional (1D) unsteady and viscous flow model that is derived from the momentum and mass conservation equations is described, and to enhance this physics-based model, a machine learning approach is used to determine the unknown modeling parameters. Specifically, an idealized larynx model is constructed and ten cases of three-dimensional (3D) fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulations are performed. The flow data are then extracted to train the 1D flow model using a sparse identification approach for nonlinear dynamical systems. As a result of training, we obtain the analytical expressions for the entrance effect and pressure loss in the glottis, which are then incorporated in the flow model to conveniently handle different glottal shapes due to vocal fold vibration. We apply the enhanced 1D flow model in the FSI simulation of both idealized vocal fold geometries and subject-specific anatomical geometries reconstructed from the magnetic resonance imaging images of rabbits' larynges. The 1D flow model is evaluated in both of these setups and shown to have robust performance. Therefore, it provides a fast simulation tool that is superior to the previous 1D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1592, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1592, USA
| | - Siyuan Chang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1592, USA
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Haoxiang Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1592, USA
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9
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Li Z, Wilson A, Sayce L, Avhad A, Rousseau B, Luo H. Numerical and experimental investigations on vocal fold approximation in healthy and simulated unilateral vocal fold paralysis. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021; 11. [PMID: 34671486 DOI: 10.3390/app11041817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a novel surgical/computational model for the investigation of unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP) which will be used to inform future in silico approaches to improve surgical outcomes in type I thyroplasty. Healthy phonation (HP) was achieved using cricothyroid suture approximation on both sides of the larynx to generate symmetrical vocal fold closure. Following high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) capture, sutures on the right side of the larynx were removed, partially releasing tension unilaterally and generating asymmetric vocal fold closure characteristic of UVFP (sUVFP condition). HSV revealed symmetric vibration in HP, while in sUVFP the sutured side demonstrated a higher frequency (10 - 11%). For the computational model, ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were captured at three configurations: non-approximated (NA), HP, and sUVFP. A finite-element method (FEM) model was built, in which cartilage displacements from the MRI images were used to prescribe the adduction and the vocal fold deformation was simulated before the eigenmode calculation. The results showed that the frequency comparison between the two sides were consistent with observations from HSV. This alignment between the surgical and computational models supports the future application of these methods for the investigation of treatment for UVFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place PMB 401592, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Azure Wilson
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Lea Sayce
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Amit Avhad
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place PMB 401592, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
| | - Bernard Rousseau
- Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Haoxiang Luo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 2301 Vanderbilt Place PMB 401592, Nashville, TN, 37240, USA
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