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Elsayed HRH, Ali EMT, Rabei MR, El Nashar EM, Alghamdi MA, Al-Zahrani NS, Alshehri SH, Aldahhan RA, Morsy AI. Angiotensin II Type 1 receptor blockade attenuates the neuropathological changes in the spinal cords of diabetic rats with modulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/ heme oxygenase 1 system. Tissue Cell 2024; 88:102420. [PMID: 38795506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2024.102420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Peripheral and central neuropathies frequently complicate worldwide diabetes. Compared to peripheral neuropathy, central neuropathy didn`t gain a major research interest. Angiotensin II is reported to be involved in diabetic neuropathic pain but its role in the central pathological changes in the spinal cord is not clear. Here, we study the role of Losartan; an Angiotensin II receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist in suppression of the diabetes-induced changes in the spinal cord. Three groups of rats were applied; a negative control group, a streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic group, and a group receiving STZ and Losartan. After two months, the pathological alteration in the spinal cord was investigated, and an immunohistochemical study was performed for neuronal, astrocytic, and microglial markers; nuclear protein (NeuN), Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1), respectively, and for an apoptosis marker; caspase-3, and the inflammatory marker; nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2); physiological antioxidant system. The results showed that Losartan caused recovery of spinal cord changes, by inhibiting the microglial and astrocytic activation, suppressing neuronal apoptosis and NF-kB expression with activation of Nrf2/HO-1 (P<0.0005). It is suggested, herein, that Losartan can suppress diabetes-induced glial activation, inflammation, neuronal apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the spinal cord; the mechanisms that may underlie the role of AT1 antagonism in suppressing diabetic neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Reda Hassan Elsayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman.
| | - Eyad Mohamed Tolba Ali
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Rami Rabei
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina University for Medical Sciences, Amman, Jordan
| | | | - Mansour Abdullah Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, The Center for Medical and Health Research, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Saeed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaker Hassan Alshehri
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashid A Aldahhan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira Ibrahim Morsy
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Buhur A, Gürel Ç, Kuşçu GC, Yiğittürk G, Oltulu F, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ, Uysal A, Yavaşoğlu A. Is losartan a promising agent for the treatment of type 1 diabetes-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis in rats? Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2195-2205. [PMID: 36565418 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08172-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is common metabolic disease that poses a major risk to public health and fertility. Previous studies indicate that DM may cause male infertility by triggering oxidative stress and germ cell apoptosis in the testis. Due to the undesirable effects of known antidiabetic drugs, scientists have begun to investigate the use of alternative drugs to control infertility complications observed in men. In this context, present study aimed to investigate the possible antiapoptotic effect of losartan against DM-induced testicular germ cell apoptosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Expreimental DM model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg) to 28 rats, which were then randomly assigned to 4 groups; 1 mL saline solution was given to DM + saline group by oral gavage, 5 mg/kg/day oral losartan was given to DM + low-dose losartan, 20 mg/kg/day oral losartan was given to DM + mid-dose losartan and, 80 mg/kg/day oral losartan was given to DM + high-dose losartan group for 4 weeks. Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved-Caspase 3 immunoexpression, terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase dutp nick end labeling (TUNEL), Annexin-V and Real Time PCR analyses performed to evaluate antiapoptotic effects of losartan on diabetic rats' testis. In addition, biochemical analyzes carried out to evaluate change in oxidative stress. CONCLUSION The results showed that losartan may have dose-related antiapoptotic effects on rats' testis via decreasing oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Buhur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çevik Gürel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey. .,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey.
| | - Gökçe Ceren Kuşçu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gürkan Yiğittürk
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Fatih Oltulu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Ayşegül Uysal
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Altuğ Yavaşoğlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Izmir, Turkey
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Interaction kinetics between p115-RhoGEF and Gα 13 are determined by unique molecular interactions affecting agonist sensitivity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1287. [PMID: 36434027 PMCID: PMC9700851 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The three RH-RhoGEFs (Guanine nucleotide exchange factors) p115-RhoGEF, LARG (leukemia-associated RhoGEF) and PDZ-RhoGEF link G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with RhoA signaling through activation of Gα12/13. In order to find functional differences in signaling between the different RH-RhoGEFs we examined their interaction with Gα13 in high spatial and temporal resolution, utilizing a FRET-based single cell assay. We found that p115-RhoGEF interacts significantly shorter with Gα13 than LARG and PDZ-RhoGEF, while narrowing the structural basis for these differences down to a single amino acid in the rgRGS domain of p115-RhoGEF. The mutation of this amino acid led to an increased interaction time with Gα13 and an enhanced agonist sensitivity, comparable to LARG, while mutating the corresponding amino acid in Gα13 the same effect could be achieved. While the rgRGS domains of RH-RhoGEFs showed GAP (GTPase-activating protein) activity towards Gα13 in vitro, our approach suggests higher GAP activity of p115-RhoGEF in intact cells.
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Wang W, He Q, Zhuang C, Zhang H, Fan X, Wang Q, Qi M, Sun R, Li C, Yu J. Apatinib Through Activating the RhoA/ROCK Signaling Pathway to Cause Dysfunction of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:5367-5385. [PMID: 35776338 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04020-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are associated with differentiated, organized, and contractile phenotype under the effect of various types of physiological conditions those are associated with migratory, proliferative, and synthetic phenotype under the effect of various types of stimuli, which dysfunction drives many cardiovascular diseases. Abnormal cell proliferation and invasion of VSMCs are among the primary causes of hypertension. Apatinib is a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that highly selectively binds to and strongly inhibits VEGFR-2. Previous studies have confirmed that the TKIs can raise blood pressure through RhoA/ROCK pathway. LARG is a key gene in the RhoA/ROCK pathway and plays a critical role in the continuous vasoconstriction function because it regulates part of signal transduction in VSMCs. In this study, an in vitro experiment was conducted to observe that apatinib caused dysfunction of MOVAS cells through the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway and Y27632, a nonspecific ROCK inhibitor, and knockout of LARG gene can improve the proliferation, antiapoptosis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial autophagy of apatinib-induced MOVAS cells. These findings suggest that activation of the RhoA/ROCK signalling pathway could be the underlying mechanism of apatinib-induced dysfunction of MOVAS cells, while ROCK inhibitor and knockout of LARG gene have potential therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Qingjian He
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Zhoushan Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhuang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Xin Fan
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Qiongying Wang
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Miaomiao Qi
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Runmin Sun
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Caie Li
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Hypertension Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Chengguan District, CuiyingmenLanzhou, No. 82, China.
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Chiu WC, Chiang JY, Chiang FT. Small chemical compounds Y16 and Rhosin can inhibit calcium sensitization pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Formos Med Assoc 2021; 120:1863-1868. [PMID: 33893012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE The small-molecule compounds Y16 and Rhosin can inhibit the activation of leukemia-associated Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor (LARG) and small G-protein RhoA, respectively, in breast cancer cells and inhibit their growth and migration. However, it remains unclear whether they have inhibitory effects on the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS Primary cultured VSMCs from SHRs were treated with different concentrations of Y16 or Y16 plus Rhosin for 24 h, followed by 10-min stimulation with 10-7 M angiotensin II (Ang II). The cells were then harvested, and the total protein was extracted. The co-immunoprecipitation method, Western blot analysis, and MTT assay were performed to determine the LARG-RhoA interaction, the protein levels of RhoA and MYPT1, and cell viability, respectively. RESULTS Y16 dose-dependently inhibited the LARG-RhoA complex formation induced by Ang II. With 50 μM of Y16, the effect of inhibition was statistically significant. Y16 also reduced the formation of phospho-MYPT1 stimulated by Ang II. With 5 μM of Y16, the inhibitory effect was statistically significant. When 25 μM of Y16 and 25 μM of Rhosin were combined, the inhibitory effect on LARG-RhoA interaction was statistically significant. When Y16 and Rhosin were combined, a significantly reduced concentration could effectively inhibit MYPT1 phosphorylation (2.5 μM compared with 5 μM for Y16 alone). CONCLUSION Treating SHR VSMCs with Y16 can suppress the activation of LARG, prevent LARG binding to RhoA, and decrease the phosphorylation of MYPT1, thus weakening the activation of the calcium (Ca2+) sensitization pathway in SHR VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chiao Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yang Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tien Chiang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan.
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The Elabela in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and preeclampsia: an update. J Hypertens 2020; 39:12-22. [PMID: 32740407 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
: Although considerable success has been shown for antihypertensive medications, the resistant hypertension and hypertension-related organ damages are still the important clinical issues and pose as high health and economic pressure. Therefore, novel therapeutic techniques and antihypertensive drugs are needed to advance more effective therapy of hypertension and hypertension-related disease to ameliorate mortality and healthcare costs worldwide. In this review, we highlight the latest progress in supporting the therapeutic potential of Elabela (ELA), a recently discovered early endogenous ligand for G-protein-coupled receptor apelin peptide jejunum, apelin receptor. Systemic administration of ELA exerts vasodilatory, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, and renoprotective effects, whereas central application of ELA increases blood pressure and causes cardiovascular remodeling primarily secondary to the hypertension. In addition, ELA drives extravillous trophoblast differentiation and prevents the pathogenesis of preeclampsia (a gestational hypertensive syndrome) by promoting placental angiogenesis. These findings strongly suggest peripheral ELA's therapeutic potential in preventing and treating hypertension and hypertension-related diseases including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and preeclampsia. Since therapeutic use of ELA is mainly limited by its short half-life and parenteral administration, it may be a clinical application candidate for the therapy of hypertension and its complications when fused with a large inert chemicals (e.g. polyethylene glycol, termed polyethylene glycol-ELA-21) or other proteins (e.g. the Fc fragment of IgG and albumin, termed Fc-ELA-21 or albumin-ELA-21), and new delivery methods are encouraged to develop to improve the efficacy of ELA fragments on apelin peptide jejunum or alternative unknown receptors.
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