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Fujiwara‐Igarashi A, Ohshima T, Kojima R, Fujita M, Nakazawa Y. Retrospective study of 540 cats with respiratory diseases in Japan (2003-2020). Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1456. [PMID: 38652044 PMCID: PMC11037258 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few epidemiological studies on respiratory medicine and the relationship between clinical signs and various respiratory diseases in cats have been reported. OBJECTIVES This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prevalence and breed predisposition to feline respiratory diseases in Japan and determine the association between clinical signs, duration and type of respiratory diseases. METHODS The medical records of cats with feline respiratory diseases were examined to obtain information on age, sex, breed, final diagnosis, clinical signs and duration. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate breed predispositions. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests were used to assess the duration of clinical signs. RESULTS This study included 540 cats with 615 respiratory diagnoses. The American Shorthair breed was predisposed to bronchopneumonia (BP; OR: 5.0) and pulmonary tumour (PT; OR: 3.6), while the Russian Blue breed exhibited a predisposition to inflammatory lower airway diseases (OR: 3.4), BP (OR: 6.1) and interstitial lung diseases (OR: 11.1). Similarly, the Scottish Fold breed displayed predisposition to PTs (OR: 5.8). The duration of clinical signs among nasal diseases, nasopharyngeal diseases and lower tracheal/bronchial and pulmonary diseases differed significantly (p = 0.001, p = 0.012, p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that some popular breeds in Japan are predisposed to feline respiratory diseases, especially the American Shorthair, Russian Blue and Scottish Fold breeds. The characteristics of occurrence, clinical signs and duration of each disease will aid in diagnosing, treating, preventing and elucidating the pathophysiology of feline respiratory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Fujiwara‐Igarashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary RadiologyNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Takafumi Ohshima
- Laboratory of Veterinary RadiologyNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ryusei Kojima
- Laboratory of Veterinary RadiologyNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Laboratory of Veterinary RadiologyNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary RadiologyNippon Veterinary and Life Science UniversityTokyoJapan
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2
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Alexander A, Hughes K, Constantino-Casas F, Owen LJ. Surgical management of a laryngeal rhabdomyosarcoma in a cat. JFMS Open Rep 2023; 9:20551169231194318. [PMID: 37810575 PMCID: PMC10559712 DOI: 10.1177/20551169231194318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Case summary An 11-year-old male castrated British Shorthair was referred for investigations into an upper respiratory tract mass. A partial laryngectomy was performed to excise the mass. Marginal resection of the mass involved excision of parts of the thyroid cartilage and left arytenoid cartilage. A tracheostomy tube was maintained for 48 h postoperatively. The cat recovered without complication and was discharged at 72 h postoperatively. Histopathology of the mass was deemed most consistent with a rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Relevance and novel information Telephone follow-up 12 months postoperatively confirmed resolution of the clinical signs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a laryngeal RMS in a cat. RMS should be considered a differential diagnosis for a laryngeal mass in a cat. This case demonstrates that resection via a partial laryngectomy may be a viable therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Alexander
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katherine Hughes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Laura Jane Owen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Bonanno G, White RN. Evaluation of two unilateral laryngoplasty techniques and their effect on arytenoid cartilage abduction in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X231168004. [PMID: 37204131 PMCID: PMC10811991 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231168004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate two unilateral laryngoplasty (arytenoid lateralisation) techniques for use in the surgical management of laryngeal paralysis in cats. METHODS Left cricoarytenoid abduction (lateralisation) was performed in 20 ex vivo cat larynges; 10 following complete cricoarytenoid disarticulation (group LAA-dis) and 10 following no cricoarytenoid disarticulation (group LAA-nodis). For both groups, left arytenoid abduction (LAA) was measured in the resting and postoperative larynges using image analysis software. Measurements were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U-test. For both groups, dorsal images of the postoperative larynges were assessed visually for evidence of epiglottic coverage of the entrance to the larynx. RESULTS The mean percentage increase in LAA was 311.5% and 199.4% (P <0.006) for group LAA-dis (complete cricoarytenoid disarticulation) and group LAA-nodis (no cricoarytenoid disarticulation), respectively. In both groups, there was no evidence of a lack of epiglottic coverage of the entrance of the larynx for any of the postoperative larynges. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Placement of a single, tensioned suture between the muscular process of the left arytenoid cartilage and the caudolateral aspect of the ipsilateral cricoid cartilage (unilateral cricoarytenoid lateralisation) resulted in abduction of the left arytenoid cartilage and a corresponding increase in the area of the rima glottidis on the operated side. The clinical significance of the difference in outcome between left cricoarytenoid abduction following complete cricoarytenoid disarticulation and abduction following no cricoarytenoid disarticulation remains unclear, and both might be considered appropriate for the surgical management of laryngeal paralysis in the cat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert N White
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Rodriguez-Piza I, Borrego JF, Treggiari E, Verganti S, Priestnall SL, Lara-Garcia A. Clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in 23 cats with laryngeal or tracheal lymphoma. J Feline Med Surg 2023; 25:1098612X221143769. [PMID: 36655881 PMCID: PMC10812051 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x221143769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Feline primary laryngeal or tracheal lymphoma (PLTL) is an uncommon extranodal presentation. Information on long-term survival is scarce, although some small case series describe this being achieved with multiagent protocols; an accurate outcome for cats with PLTL is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to gather information on the clinical presentation, response to treatment and outcome in a large case series of feline PLTL. METHODS This retrospective multicentre study included cats with a cytological or histopathological confirmation of PLTL. Histopathology samples, when available, were reassessed for grade and immunophenotype. Clinical (age, signalment, retroviral status, presence of anaemia, clinical signs, location and therapy type) and outcome (response, progression-free survival [PFS] and overall survival [OS]) variables were recorded. Survival analyses to assess the impact of variables on PFS and OS were performed. RESULTS Twenty-three cases were included; cats had a median age of 11 years (range 2-16) and the male:female ratio was 3.6:1. Common clinical signs at presentation included increased respiratory effort (74%) and abnormal upper respiratory tract sounds (48%). Immunophenotyping was performed in 48% of cases and all were B cell. Debulking surgery was performed in 26% of cases. All cats received chemotherapy, COP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone; 39%), CHOP (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin and prednisolone; 44%) and other protocols (17%); 35% had a partial response and 65% a complete response. Median PFS and OS were 909 days (range 23-1484) and 909 days (range 23-2423), respectively. Complete response was associated with longer PFS (P <0.001) and OS (P = 0.012). Pretreatment with steroids was associated with longer OS (P = 0.003). No other variable was found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE PLTL in cats is mostly of a B-cell phenotype, could be of a low-to-medium grade, and may respond to surgical and medical treatment with a longer survival time than has previously been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Rodriguez-Piza
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
- Anicura Glòries Hospital Veterinari, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana Lara-Garcia
- The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, UK
- Evidensia AUNA Especialidades Veterinarias, Valencia, Spain
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Moser J, Haimel G, Tichy A, Findji L. Partial laryngectomy for the management of laryngeal masses in six cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:373-380. [PMID: 34236002 PMCID: PMC10812240 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211027488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Partial laryngectomy is an organ-sparing surgical procedure for the removal of laryngeal masses which has not been described in cats. The aim of this study was to report on the surgical procedure and the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of cats that underwent partial laryngectomy. METHODS Medical records were retrospectively collected over a 4-year period in two institutions. The following data were retrieved: signalment, history, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, surgical procedure, postoperative management, complications and outcome. RESULTS Six cats underwent partial laryngectomy. The most common clinical signs in cats with laryngeal masses were stridor (n = 4) and dyspnoea (n = 4). In all cats, a full-thickness portion of one or several laryngeal cartilages was resected, including thyroid cartilage alone (n = 2), thyroid cartilage and arytenoid (n = 2), and arytenoid cartilage and epiglottis (n = 2). The resected laryngeal masses were reported to be lymphoma (n = 3), carcinoma (n = 1), laryngeal cyst (n = 1) and inflammatory laryngeal disease (n = 1). All cats survived the surgical intervention of partial laryngectomy. Four cats showed varying degrees of respiratory distress in the short-term postoperative period. A temporary tracheostomy tube was placed in two cats. No other postoperative complications were noted in the short- or long-term. Four cats were still alive at the time of writing. These cats survived at least 252 days. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In a small number of cases, our results show that successful long-term outcomes after partial laryngectomy are achievable, with longer survival times than previously reported. Therefore, partial laryngectomy should be considered as a viable treatment option in cats with laryngeal masses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Moser
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Alexander Tichy
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laurent Findji
- Fitzpatrick Referrals Oncology and Soft Tissue, Guildford, UK
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6
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Kent M, Arnold SA, Perlini M, Glass EN, Barber RM. Unilateral Laryngeal Paralysis Secondary to Otitis Media/Interna in Two Cats. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2022. [DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-7099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Two adult cats were presented for coughing, gagging, dysphonia, exaggerated swallowing attempts, unilateral vestibular dysfunction, and/or Horner syndrome. In both cats, unilateral laryngeal paralysis was identified on the side ipsilateral to other neurological deficits. Cross-sectional imaging was consistent with otitis media/interna. In both cats, there also was extensive cellulitis surrounding the tympanic bulla and dissecting through tissue planes to involve the opening of the tympano-occipital fissure on the side ipsilateral to the laryngeal paralysis. Laryngeal paralysis was presumed secondary to involvement of the vagus nerve as it emerged from the tympano-occipital fissure. Antibiotic therapy resulted in resolution of clinical signs in both cats and restored laryngeal function as evidenced by visual examination of the larynx in one cat.
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Manson KC, Graham JL, Rozanski EA. Diagnosis and management of a laryngeal cyst in a domestic shorthair cat. JFMS Open Rep 2022; 8:20551169221104545. [PMID: 35795822 PMCID: PMC9251989 DOI: 10.1177/20551169221104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Case summary A 7-year-old male neutered domestic shorthair cat was presented with a 3-month history of dyspnea when exercising and increased respiratory noise when purring. Initial radiographs identified a suspected laryngeal mass. Point-of-care ultrasound found a fluid-filled structure on the larynx, which was drained percutaneously. The cat initially recovered well but, due to recurrence of clinical signs, a CT scan was performed, which confirmed the presence of a laryngeal cyst that was subsequently surgically resected. Histopathological analysis was consistent with a suspected thyroglossal cyst. Relevance and novel information This is only the second report of a laryngeal cyst in the cat. While malignant laryngeal disease may be more prevalent in the cat, benign differentials should be considered as treatment could be curative, as was observed in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina C Manson
- Cummings Veterinary Medical Center at Tufts University, Henry & Lois Foster Hospital for Small Animals, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Julia L Graham
- Cummings Veterinary Medical Center at Tufts University, Henry & Lois Foster Hospital for Small Animals, North Grafton, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Rozanski
- Cummings Veterinary Medical Center at Tufts University, Henry & Lois Foster Hospital for Small Animals, North Grafton, MA, USA
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Torrigiani F, Gelain ME, Cavicchioli L, Di Maggio R, Banzato T, Bonsembiante F. Undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma with hyaline bodies in a cat. Acta Vet Scand 2021; 63:45. [PMID: 34809688 PMCID: PMC8607555 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-021-00613-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary laryngeal neoplasms are rare in cats, with lymphoma and squamous cell carcinoma being the most commonly diagnosed tumour types. These tumours are usually highly aggressive, difficult to treat, and have a poor prognosis. Here an undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma with hyaline bodies in a cat is reported. CASE PRESENTATION A 13-year-old cat was presented for progressive respiratory signs. Diagnostic procedures revealed a partially obstructive laryngeal mass. Cytology was compatible with a poorly differentiated malignant tumour, with neoplastic cells frequently containing large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies. After 1 month the patient was euthanised due to a worsening clinical condition and submitted for post-mortem examination, which confirmed the presence of two laryngeal masses. Histopathology confirmed the presence of an undifferentiated neoplasm with marked features of malignancy. Strong immunolabelling for pancytokeratin led to a diagnosis of undifferentiated carcinoma, however, histochemical and immunohistochemical investigations could not elucidate the origin of the large intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies observed in tumour cells, which appeared as non-membrane bound deposits of electron-dense material on transmission electron microscopy. CONCLUSION This is the first report of primary undifferentiated laryngeal carcinoma in a cat. Our case confirms the clinical features and the short survival that have been reported in other studies describing feline laryngeal tumours. Moreover, for the first time in feline literature, we describe the presence of intracytoplasmic hyaline bodies in neoplastic cells that were compatible with the so-called hyaline granules reported in different human cancers and also in the dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrigiani
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy.
| | - Maria Elena Gelain
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Maggio
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Tommaso Banzato
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Bonsembiante
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
- Department of Animal Medicine, Productions and Health, University of Padua, 35020, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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9
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Vincenti S, Betting A, Durand A, Campos M, Scanziani E, Martin SS. Total laryngectomy in a cat with a laryngeal peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Vet Surg 2021; 50:1533-1541. [PMID: 33914355 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the surgical technique and outcome of total laryngectomy in a single clinical case. STUDY DESIGN Case report. ANIMAL A 5-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat. METHODS A cat presented for acute, severe respiratory distress caused by an invasive laryngeal mass. Incisional biopsy was indicative of sarcoma. Computed tomography of head, neck, and thorax was performed revealing no evidence of metastasis. A total laryngectomy and permanent tracheostomy were performed, and the cat could breathe without difficulties immediately postoperatively. Histopathology confirmed a laryngeal low-grade peripheral nerve sheath tumor (PNST). RESULTS Surgical margins were free of tumor cells. Surgical revision of the tracheostomy stoma due to obstructive granulation tissue was necessary 24 days after the initial surgery. Nine days after revision surgery, the cat was discharged from the hospital. No evidence of local recurrence or metastasis was detected on repeat computed tomography of the head, neck, and thorax at 6 months, nor on chest radiographs at 12 months postoperatively. At the time of writing (13 months postoperatively), the cat is still alive with a good quality of life. CONCLUSION Total laryngectomy with permanent tracheostomy allowed the complete removal of an obstructive laryngeal PNST and provided a good quality of life in a cat. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE To the authors' knowledge, this case report represents the first detailed description of the surgical procedure and clinical outcome for a total laryngectomy in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Vincenti
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adeline Betting
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexane Durand
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Miguel Campos
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Soto Martin
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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10
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Chatzimisios K, Angelou V, Anagnostou T, Anastasiou S, Papazoglou LG. Laryngeal perforation in a cat due to a fish bone foreign body. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Chatzimisios
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine‐Department of Clinical Sciences Thessaloniki Greece Thessaloniki Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Vasileia Angelou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine‐Department of Clinical Sciences Thessaloniki Greece Thessaloniki Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Tilemachos Anagnostou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine‐Department of Clinical Sciences Thessaloniki Greece Thessaloniki Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Spiros Anastasiou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine‐Department of Clinical Sciences Thessaloniki Greece Thessaloniki Central Macedonia Greece
| | - Lysimachos G. Papazoglou
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Faculty of Health Sciences School of Veterinary Medicine‐Department of Clinical Sciences Thessaloniki Greece Thessaloniki Central Macedonia Greece
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Tayler S, Mullowney D, Lataretu A, Plested M, Tuan J, Kathrani A. Gastroesophageal intussusception and extreme esophageal dilatation secondary to bilateral laryngeal paralysis in a cat. J Vet Intern Med 2021; 35:1088-1092. [PMID: 33559171 PMCID: PMC7995417 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal intussusception, extreme esophageal dilatation, and laryngeal paralysis are individually rare clinical entities in cats and the simultaneous occurrence in a single animal has not been described. We describe these 3 conditions occurring concurrently in a geriatric cat, and resolution of the cat's clinical signs after treatment with unilateral arytenoid lateralization. This finding supports the need for thorough history taking and examination in cats with extreme esophageal dilatation to determine if upper respiratory tract abnormalities are present, as appropriate treatment might resolve the esophageal dilatation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Tayler
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Deirdre Mullowney
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Plested
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Jayson Tuan
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Aarti Kathrani
- Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
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12
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Dixon A, Tivers MS, Packham L, Black V. Infiltrative laryngeal disease in dogs. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:568-575. [PMID: 32715485 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical features and outcome of neoplastic and inflammatory infiltrative laryngeal disease in dogs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records at a single referral centre were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with infiltrative laryngeal disease by CT or laryngoscopy. RESULTS Fifteen dogs were included, with a median age of 6 years (range 1-14 years). Thirteen dogs were diagnosed with inflammatory disease including granulation tissue (n = 4) and neutrophilic (n = 2), septic neutrophilic (n = 2), eosinophilic (n = 1) lymphocytic/plasmacytic (n = 1) and mixed/unclassified (n = 3) inflammation. One dog was diagnosed with large cell lymphoma and one dog was diagnosed with mast cell tumour. Twelve dogs survived to discharge. Follow-up was available for 10 dogs diagnosed with inflammatory disease. Four had fully recovered (7, 10, 23 and 32 months) and one dog developed acute leukaemia and was euthanased at 2 months. Five dogs had recurrence of clinical signs at 1, 1, 5, 17 and 26 months. The dog with lymphoma was euthanased at 8 months and the dog with mast cell tumour died at 5 months. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In this cohort, infiltrative inflammatory lesions of the larynx were more common than neoplastic infiltration. For dogs that survived to discharge, outcome was fair although relapse was common.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dixon
- Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - M S Tivers
- Paragon Veterinary Referrals, Paragon Business Village, Red Hall Crescent, Wakefield, WF1 2DF, UK
| | - L Packham
- Small Animal Referral Hospital, University of Bristol, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
| | - V Black
- Langford Veterinary Services, Small Animal Referral Hospital, Langford House, Langford, BS40 5DU, UK
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13
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Levy N, Ballegeer E, Koenigshof A. Clinical and radiographic findings in cats with aspiration pneumonia: retrospective evaluation of 28 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2019; 60:356-360. [PMID: 30843218 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the clinical syndrome of aspiration pneumonia in cats and record potential predisposing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective medical records search for cats with a diagnosis of "aspiration pneumonia" or "bronchopneumonia" was performed. Cases were included if they had a complete medical record and three-view thoracic radiographs with pulmonary changes consistent with aspiration pneumonia and no other radiographic or physical examination findings suggestive of another cause of pulmonary or cardiac disease. RESULTS We identified 28 cases. Potential predisposing conditions included: vomiting (12 of 28; 43%), anaesthesia (five of 28; 18%), enteral nutrition (five of 28; 18%), preexisting oesophageal disease (four of 28; 14%), neurologic disease (two of 28; 7%) and laryngeal disease (one of 28; 3.6%); 15 of 28 (53%) had more than one potentially predisposing condition. The most common lung lobe affected was the right middle (18 of 28; 64%), followed by the left cranial (16 of 28; 57%); multiple lung lobes were affected in 16 of 28 (57%) cases. Most cats (25 of 28; 89%) survived to discharge, with a median hospitalisation of 3 days. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Potential predisposing factors for developing aspiration pneumonia in cats are similar to those recorded in dogs and people. Aspiration pneumonia occurred in cats following vomiting, anaesthesia or after receiving enteral nutrition. Survival rates are high following treatment with antibiotics and supportive care, with 89% of cats in this study surviving to discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Levy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - E Ballegeer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - A Koenigshof
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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15
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Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Shimizu K, Michishita M, Yu Y, Hamamoto Y, Hasegawa D, Fujita M. A cat with suspected laryngeal metastasis with mucosal irregularity resulting from apocrine/salivary gland adenocarcinoma in the head. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1916-1919. [PMID: 29021425 PMCID: PMC5745164 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A 16-year-old castrated male mongrel cat presented with swelling under the left pinna and
a 3-month history of voice change. Laryngeal endoscopy revealed circumferential oedema
around the arytenoid cartilages and hypersecretion of saliva. Histopathological
examination of the mass around the left ear canal was considered the primary lesion that
originated from cutaneous apocrine adenocarcinoma or parotid gland adenocarcinoma, and it
metastasized to the larynx, lung and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes. This report
provides new insights into feline laryngeal diseases which could result in laryngeal
metastasis with slight mucosal irregularity alone and without obvious radiographic
abnormalities. Therefore, histopathological examination should be performed when a cat
presents clinical signs such as stridor, dysphonia or voice change without any
mass-forming laryngeal lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Fujiwara-Igarashi
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Koichi Shimizu
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Masaki Michishita
- Division of Pathologic Analysis, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Yu
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Yuji Hamamoto
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
| | - Michio Fujita
- Division of Therapeutic Science I, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-0023, Japan
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16
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De Lorenzi D, Mantovani C, Tripaldi F, Ferasin H. Redundant arytenoid mucosa: clinical presentation, treatment and outcome in three cats. J Small Anim Pract 2015; 57:40-3. [PMID: 26780855 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Three cats showing chronic, intermittent respiratory distress associated with increased noise on inspiration were examined. Head, neck and thoracic radiographs were unremarkable and laboratory findings were within normal ranges. In all three cats direct laryngoscopy revealed bilateral redundant arytenoid mucosa, which collapsed into the supraglottic and glottis airways during inspiration. Temporary tracheostomy and endoscopic diode laser excision of the excessive mucosa resolved symptoms in all three cats. Redundant arytenoid mucosa is a rare condition that may cause signs similar to laryngeal paralysis or laryngeal mass in cats. According to our results, diode laser surgery in association with temporary tracheostomy appears an appropriate mode of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D De Lorenzi
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Ear-Nose-Throat Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy
| | - C Mantovani
- Department of Interventional Pulmonology and Ear-Nose-Throat Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy
| | - F Tripaldi
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Veterinary Hospital I Portoni Rossi, Zola Predosa, 40069 Bologna, Italy
| | - H Ferasin
- Specialist Veterinary Cardiology Consultancy Ltd, 2 Old Bath Road, Newbury, Guildford, RG14 1QL
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Abstract
The most common disease process involving the larynx is laryngeal paralysis, which occurs much more frequently in dogs than in cats. Diagnosis of laryngeal paralysis requires close attention to anesthetic plane and coordination of respiratory effort with laryngeal motion. Surgical arytenoid lateralization improves respiration and quality of life in dogs with laryngeal paralysis; however, aspiration pneumonia is a recognized complication, and generalized neuropathy can progress. Laryngeal collapse can result from any cause of chronic upper airway obstruction, but is most often associated with unaddressed brachycephalic airway syndrome. Laryngeal neoplasia, while generally uncommon, occurs more frequently in cats than in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Macphail
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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18
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Adamovich-Rippe KN, Steffey MA, Ybarra WL, Johnson LR. Unilateral laryngeal paralysis subsequent to surgical ligation of a patent ductus arteriosus in an 8-week-old domestic shorthair cat. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:1727-31. [PMID: 23725437 DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.12.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION An 8-week-old female domestic shorthair cat was treated for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) with surgical ligation. Seven weeks postoperatively, the cat was evaluated because of increased upper respiratory noise, inspiratory stridor, wheezing, and episodes of intermittent open-mouth breathing that had developed 1 week following the surgical ligation. CLINICAL FINDINGS The cat was sedated, and examination of the larynx revealed left-sided laryngeal paralysis. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME At the time left-sided laryngeal paralysis was diagnosed, the clinical signs of laryngeal dysfunction were not considered severe enough to warrant surgical intervention. No treatment was administered, and the owner monitored the cat for respiratory distress and worsening of clinical signs for an additional 5 months. During those 5 months, the clinical signs improved but persisted. Seven months after PDA ligation, the cat was again sedated and the larynx examined. The examination revealed persistent left arytenoid dysfunction, which was believed to be the result of permanent damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve that was sustained during the surgical ligation of the PDA. The owner was counseled about surgical and medical treatment options for laryngeal paralysis but elected to forego treatment at that time. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Unilateral laryngeal paralysis caused by iatrogenic damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve is a potential complication subsequent to surgical ligation of a PDA. The frequency of iatrogenically induced laryngeal paralysis is likely underestimated in small animal patients. Laryngoscopy should be performed in any small animal with a history of PDA attenuation and clinical signs of respiratory tract disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista N Adamovich-Rippe
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Stadler K, O'Brien R. COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY OF NONANESTHETIZED CATS WITH UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2013; 54:231-6. [DOI: 10.1111/vru.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krystina Stadler
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1008 W. Hazelwood Dr; Urbana; IL; 61802
| | - Robert O'Brien
- From the Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; 1008 W. Hazelwood Dr; Urbana; IL; 61802
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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