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Luan D, Li S, Wang Y, Wang Y. Studying the non-thermal effects of microwave on amino acids in sterilized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets using a double side approximating method. Food Res Int 2023; 173:113352. [PMID: 37803699 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of microwave non-thermal effects on thermal sensitive amino acids in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. To distinguish non-thermal effects from thermal effects occurring simultaneously, a Double Side Approximating Method (DSAM) derived from computational mathematics was developed. Two corresponding water bath treatments were designed for each microwave processing to approximate the time-temperature profiles at the hot and cold spots of the microwave processed samples while maintaining a comparable thermal intensity (F0). The microwave non-thermal effects on amino acids were determined by comparing the amount of each of 22 amino acids between the microwave processed and the two corresponding water bath treated rainbow trout fillets. The results indicated that the DSAM was successfully implemented, as the amino acid contents' order curve in the microwave processed samples was clearly exceeded the boundary formed by the two corresponding water bath treated samples. This finding confirmed the occurrence of microwave non-thermal effects on amino acids. The non-thermal effect resulted in a notable increase in the quantity of most amino acids, while it reduced the content of Lys and Hyp. Longer microwave processing times intensified these effects, while higher thermal processing intensities resulted in more damage to each amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Luan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Egineering Research Center of Food Thermal-processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Egineering Research Center of Food Thermal-processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Egineering Research Center of Food Thermal-processing Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yifen Wang
- China Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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2
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Wang S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhu Q, Wang X, Luan D. Effects of Microwave Pasteurization on the Quality and Shelf-Life of Low-Sodium and Intermediate-Moisture Pacific Saury ( Cololabis saira). Foods 2023; 12:foods12102000. [PMID: 37238819 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of microwave pasteurization on the quality and shelf-life of low-sodium and intermediate-moisture Pacific saury. Microwave pasteurization was used to process low-sodium (1.07% ± 0.06%) and intermediate-moisture saury (moisture content 30% ± 2%, water activity 0.810 ± 0.010) to produce high-quality ready-to-eat food stored at room temperature. Retort pasteurization with the same thermal processing level of F90 = 10 min was used for comparison. Results showed that microwave pasteurization had significantly (p < 0.001) shorter processing times (9.23 ± 0.19 min) compared with traditional retort pasteurization (17.43 ± 0.32 min). The cook value (C) and thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) content of microwave-pasteurized saury were significantly lower than that of retort-pasteurized saury (p < 0.05). With more microbial inactivation, microwave pasteurization brought better overall texture than retort processing. After 7 days of storage at 37 °C, the total plate count (TPC) and TBARS of microwave pasteurized saury still met the edible standard, while the TPC of retort pasteurized saury no longer did. These results showed that the combined processing of microwave pasteurization and mild drying (Aw < 0.85) could produce high-quality ready-to-eat saury products. These results indicate a new methodology for producing high-quality products stored at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibin Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Biosystems Engineering Department, Auburn University, Atlanta, GA 36849, USA
| | - Qingcheng Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Pelagic Fishery, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Pelagic Fishery, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Donglei Luan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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3
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Ross C, Sablani S, Tang J. Preserving Ready-to-Eat Meals Using Microwave Technologies for Future Space Programs. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061322. [PMID: 36981248 PMCID: PMC10048495 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The crewed suborbital and space flights launched by private companies over the past three years have rejuvenated public interest in space travel, including space tourism. Ready-to-eat meals (MREs) are the main source of nutrients and energy for space travelers. It is critical that those meals are free of bacterial and viral pathogens and have adequate shelf life. The participation of private companies in space programs will create new opportunities and demand for high-quality and microbiologically safe MREs for future space travels. In this article, we provide a brief review of nutrition and energy requirements for human activities in space. We discuss the general thermal processing requirements for control of bacterial and viral pathogens in MREs and introduce advanced thermal preservation technologies based on microwaves for production of MREs with different shelf-lives under various storage conditions. We also present the latest advancements in the development of polymer packaging materials for quality preservation of thermally stabilized MREs over extended storage. Finally, we recommend future research on issues related to the sensory quality of specially formulated MREs, microbial safety of dried foods that complement high moisture MREs, and food package waste management in future space missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Ross
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shyam Sablani
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Juming Tang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Gezahegn Y, Hong YK, Tang J, Pedrow P, Liu F, Tang Z. Development and validation of analytical charts for microwave assisted thermal pasteurization of selected food products. J FOOD ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2023.111434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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5
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Thermal degradation characteristics of amino acids in rainbow trout fillets during traditional high temperature short time processing and microwave processing. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-022-01730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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6
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Kalinke I, Kubbutat P, Taghian Dinani S, Ambros S, Ozcelik M, Kulozik U. Critical assessment of methods for measurement of temperature profiles and heat load history in microwave heating processes-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2118-2148. [PMID: 35338578 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Limitations of microwave processing due to inhomogeneities of power input and energy absorption have been widely described. Over- and underheated product areas influence reproducibility, product quality, and possibly safety. Although a broad range of methods is available for temperature measurement and evaluation of time/temperature effects, none of them is sufficiently able to detect temperature differences and thermally induced effects within the product caused by inhomogeneous heating. The purpose of this review is to critically assess different methods of temperature measurement for their suitability for different microwave applications, namely metallic temperature sensors, thermal imaging, pyrometer measurement, fiber optic sensors, microwave radiometry, magnetic resonance imaging, liquid crystal thermography, thermal paper, and biological and chemical time-temperature indicators. These methods are evaluated according to their advantages and limitations, method characteristics, and potential interference with the electric field. Special attention is given to spatial resolution, accuracy, handling, and purpose of measurement, that is, development work or online production control. Differences of methods and examples of practical application and failure in microwave-assisted food processing are discussed with a special focus on microwave pasteurization and microwave-assisted drying. Based on this assessment, it is suggested that infrared cameras for measuring temperature distribution at the product surface and partially inside the product in combination with a chemical time/temperature indicator (e.g., Maillard reaction, generating heat-induced color variations, depending on local energy absorption) appear to be the most appropriate system for future practical application in microwave food process control, microwave system development, and product design. Reliable detection of inhomogeneous heating is a prerequisite to counteracte inhomogeneity by a targeted adjustment of process and product parameters in microwave applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Kalinke
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Peter Kubbutat
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Somayeh Taghian Dinani
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sabine Ambros
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mine Ozcelik
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ulrich Kulozik
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University Munich, Freising, Germany
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7
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Jiang J, Zhang M, Luan D, Xu C, Hua C, Zhu Q, Tao N. Quality assessment of ready‐to‐eat Pacific saury (
Cololabis saira
) using microwave‐assisted thermal sterilisation combined with olive oil vacuum impregnation. Int J Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Jiang
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
| | - Mei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
| | - Donglei Luan
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal‐processing Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
| | - Changhua Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai 201306 PR China
| | - Chuanxiang Hua
- College of Marine Sciences National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
| | - Qingcheng Zhu
- College of Marine Sciences National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
| | - Ningping Tao
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai 201306 PR China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic‐Product Processing & Preservation Shanghai 201306 PR China
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8
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Study the synergism of microwave thermal and non-thermal effects on microbial inactivation and fatty acid quality of salmon fillet during pasteurization process. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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9
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Inanoglu S, Barbosa-Cánovas GV, Tang Z, Liu F, Sablani SS, Zhu MJ, Tang J. Qualities of High Pressure and Microwave-Assisted Thermally Pasteurized Ready-to-Eat Green Beans During Refrigerated Storage at 2 and 7 °C. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-021-02736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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10
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Hu L, Wang Y, Guo C, Lai K, Luan D. Exploring the microwave non‐thermal effects on the fatty acid composition of Atlantic salmon (
Salmo salar
) during pasteurization using the same time–temperature profiles method. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leiqi Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal‐Processing Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Yifen Wang
- Biosystems Engineering Department Auburn University Auburn AL USA
| | - Changkai Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal‐Processing Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Keqiang Lai
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal‐Processing Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
| | - Donglei Luan
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal‐Processing Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
- College of Food Science and Technology Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai China
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11
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Xue Q, Xue C, Luan D, Wen Y, Bi S, Wei Z, Mou H. Comprehensive investigation into quality of pasteurized Oncorhynchus keta Walbaum fillets and non-thermal effects of microwave. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Quality of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) influenced by microwave and hot water pasteurization. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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13
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Hong YK, Liu F, Tang Z, Pedrow PD, Sablani SS, Yang R, Tang J. A simplified approach to assist process development for microwave assisted pasteurization of packaged food products. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Hong YK, Stanley R, Tang J, Bui L, Ghandi A. Effect of Electric Field Distribution on the Heating Uniformity of a Model Ready-to-Eat Meal in Microwave-Assisted Thermal Sterilization Using the FDTD Method. Foods 2021; 10:foods10020311. [PMID: 33546232 PMCID: PMC7913367 DOI: 10.3390/foods10020311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microwave assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) is a novel microwave technology currently used in the commercial production of ready-to-eat meals. It combines surface heating of high-temperature circulation water with internal microwave heating in cavities. The heating pattern inside the food packages in a MATS process depends heavily on the electric field distribution formed by microwaves from the top and bottom windows of the microwave heating cavities. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the electric field on 922 MHz microwave heating of ready-to-eat meals as they moved through the microwave chamber of a pilot-scale MATS system using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. A three-dimensional numerical simulation model was developed as a digital twin of the MATS process of food moving through the microwave chamber. The simulation showed that the electric field intensity of the MATS microwave cavity was greatest on the surface and side edge of the cavity and of the food. There was a strong similarity of the experimental heating pattern with that of the electric field distribution simulated by a computer model. The digital twin modeling approach can be used to design options for improving the heating uniformity and throughput of ready-to-eat meals in MATS industrial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Ki Hong
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-509-335-0385
| | - Roger Stanley
- Centre for Food Innovation, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7250, Australia;
| | - Juming Tang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA;
| | - Lan Bui
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Scottsdale, TAS 7260, Australia; (L.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Amir Ghandi
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Scottsdale, TAS 7260, Australia; (L.B.); (A.G.)
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15
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Guo C, Wang Y, Luan D. Non-thermal effects of microwave processing on inactivation of Clostridium Sporogenes inoculated in salmon fillets. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Microwave-induced thermal sterilization- A review on history, technical progress, advantages and challenges as compared to the conventional methods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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18
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Jain D, Tang J, Pedrow PD, Tang Z, Sablani S, Hong YK. Effect of changes in salt content and food thickness on electromagnetic heating of rice, mashed potatoes and peas in 915 MHz single mode microwave cavity. Food Res Int 2019; 119:584-595. [PMID: 30884692 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mathematical model for predicting electromagnetic power dissipation within a rectangular dielectric slab heated by equal intensity 915 MHz plane waves from top and bottom was developed. A dimensionless parameter (J-T number) which is a combination of the loss factor (εr″), dielectric constant (εr') and food thickness (L) was proposed. This unique number provided direct insight into the relationship between food dielectric properties, thickness, product temperature, and thermal lethality. For the validation tests, mashed potatoes, peas and rice samples with 0-2% salt content were processed in a pilot scale microwave assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) system. In each food, the combination of dielectric properties and thickness which gave J-T number of 1.8-2.2 at 100-121°C, provided the highest lethalities. MATS is a novel commercial technology being adapted in the food industry. A qualitative assessment of the combined effect of food properties on lethalities using this model will be helpful in process development for MATS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Jain
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Juming Tang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Patrick D Pedrow
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Zhongwei Tang
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Shyam Sablani
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yoon-Ki Hong
- Biological Systems Engineering Department, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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19
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Quality assurance in microwave food processing and the enabling potentials of solid-state power generators: A review. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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A New Chemical Marker-Model Food System for Heating Pattern Determination of Microwave-Assisted Pasteurization Processes. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-018-2097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Application of non-enzymatic browning of fructose for heating pattern determination in microwave assisted thermal pasteurization system. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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Peng J, Tang J, Luan D, Liu F, Tang Z, Li F, Zhang W. Microwave pasteurization of pre-packaged carrots. J FOOD ENG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Luan D, Wang Y, Tang J, Jain D. Frequency Distribution in Domestic Microwave Ovens and Its Influence on Heating Pattern. J Food Sci 2016; 82:429-436. [PMID: 27992653 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, snapshots of operating frequency profiles of domestic microwave ovens were collected to reveal the extent of microwave frequency variations under different operation conditions. A computer simulation model was developed based on the finite difference time domain method to analyze the influence of the shifting frequency on heating patterns of foods in a microwave oven. The results showed that the operating frequencies of empty and loaded domestic microwave ovens varied widely even among ovens of the same model purchased on the same date. Each microwave oven had its unique characteristic operating frequencies, which were also affected by the location and shape of the load. The simulated heating patterns of a gellan gel model food when heated on a rotary plate agreed well with the experimental results, which supported the reliability of the developed simulation model. Simulation indicated that the heating patterns of a stationary model food load changed with the varying operating frequency. However, the heating pattern of a rotary model food load was not sensitive to microwave frequencies due to the severe edge heating overshadowing the effects of the frequency variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglei Luan
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-processing Technology and Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean Univ., Shanghai, 201306, China.,Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, U.S.A
| | - Yifen Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Food Thermal-processing Technology and Dept. of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean Univ., Shanghai, 201306, China.,Dept. of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn Univ., Auburn, AL, 36849, U.S.A
| | - Juming Tang
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, U.S.A
| | - Deepali Jain
- Dept. of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA, 99164-6120, U.S.A
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24
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Luan D, Tang J, Pedrow PD, Liu F, Tang Z. Analysis of electric field distribution within a microwave assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) system by computer simulation. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Microwave is an effective means to deliver energy to food through polymeric package materials, offering potential for developing short-time in-package sterilization and pasteurization processes. The complex physics related to microwave propagation and microwave heating require special attention to the design of process systems and development of thermal processes in compliance with regulatory requirements for food safety. This article describes the basic microwave properties relevant to heating uniformity and system design, and provides a historical overview on the development of microwave-assisted thermal sterilization (MATS) and pasteurization systems in research laboratories and used in food plants. It presents recent activities on the development of 915 MHz single-mode MATS technology, the procedures leading to regulatory acceptance, and sensory results of the processed products. The article discusses needs for further efforts to bridge remaining knowledge gaps and facilitate transfer of academic research to industrial implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juming Tang
- Dept., of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State UnivPullman, WA, 509-335-2140, U.S.A
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