1
|
Mei H, Peng J, Wang T, Zhou T, Zhao H, Zhang T, Yang Z. Overcoming the Limits of Cross-Sensitivity: Pattern Recognition Methods for Chemiresistive Gas Sensor Array. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 39141168 PMCID: PMC11324646 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01489-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
As information acquisition terminals for artificial olfaction, chemiresistive gas sensors are often troubled by their cross-sensitivity, and reducing their cross-response to ambient gases has always been a difficult and important point in the gas sensing area. Pattern recognition based on sensor array is the most conspicuous way to overcome the cross-sensitivity of gas sensors. It is crucial to choose an appropriate pattern recognition method for enhancing data analysis, reducing errors and improving system reliability, obtaining better classification or gas concentration prediction results. In this review, we analyze the sensing mechanism of cross-sensitivity for chemiresistive gas sensors. We further examine the types, working principles, characteristics, and applicable gas detection range of pattern recognition algorithms utilized in gas-sensing arrays. Additionally, we report, summarize, and evaluate the outstanding and novel advancements in pattern recognition methods for gas identification. At the same time, this work showcases the recent advancements in utilizing these methods for gas identification, particularly within three crucial domains: ensuring food safety, monitoring the environment, and aiding in medical diagnosis. In conclusion, this study anticipates future research prospects by considering the existing landscape and challenges. It is hoped that this work will make a positive contribution towards mitigating cross-sensitivity in gas-sensitive devices and offer valuable insights for algorithm selection in gas recognition applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Mei
- Key Lab Intelligent Rehabil & Barrier Free Disable (Ministry of Education), Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Peng
- Key Lab Intelligent Rehabil & Barrier Free Disable (Ministry of Education), Changchun University, Changchun, 130022, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tingting Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technology, Department of Micro/Nano Electronics, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Genzardi D, Núñez Carmona E, Poeta E, Gai F, Caruso I, Fiorilla E, Schiavone A, Sberveglieri V. Unraveling the Chicken Meat Volatilome with Nanostructured Sensors: Impact of Live and Dehydrated Insect Larvae Feeding. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:4921. [PMID: 39123968 PMCID: PMC11314963 DOI: 10.3390/s24154921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating insect meals into poultry diets has emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional feed sources, offering nutritional, welfare benefits, and environmental advantages. This study aims to monitor and compare volatile compounds emitted from raw poultry carcasses and subsequently from cooked chicken pieces from animals fed with different diets, including the utilization of insect-based feed ingredients. Alongside the use of traditional analytical techniques, like solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), to explore the changes in VOC emissions, we investigate the potential of S3+ technology. This small device, which uses an array of six metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors (MOXs), can differentiate poultry products based on their volatile profiles. By testing MOX sensors in this context, we can develop a portable, cheap, rapid, non-invasive, and non-destructive method for assessing food quality and safety. Indeed, understanding changes in volatile compounds is crucial to assessing control measures in poultry production along the entire supply chain, from the field to the fork. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was applied using MOX sensor readings as predictor variables and different gas classes as target variables, successfully discriminating the various samples based on their total volatile profiles. By optimizing feed composition and monitoring volatile compounds, poultry producers can enhance both the sustainability and safety of poultry production systems, contributing to a more efficient and environmentally friendly poultry industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dario Genzardi
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), National Research Council, Via J.F. Kennedy, 17/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.G.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Engineering “Enzo Ferrari”, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Pietro Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Estefanía Núñez Carmona
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), National Research Council, Via J.F. Kennedy, 17/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.G.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Poeta
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via J.F. Kennedy, 17/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions (CNR-ISPA), National Research Council Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Immacolata Caruso
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), National Research Council, Via J.F. Kennedy, 17/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.G.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Edoardo Fiorilla
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Achille Schiavone
- Institute of Sciences of Food Productions (CNR-ISPA), National Research Council Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (F.G.); (A.S.)
| | - Veronica Sberveglieri
- Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (CNR-IBBR), National Research Council, Via J.F. Kennedy, 17/i, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.G.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Nano Sensor System srl (NASYS), Via Alfonso Catalani 9, 42124 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vinicius da Silva Ferreira M, Barbosa JL, Kamruzzaman M, Barbin DF. Low-cost electronic-nose (LC-e-nose) systems for the evaluation of plantation and fruit crops: recent advances and future trends. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:6120-6138. [PMID: 37937362 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay01192e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
An electronic nose (e-nose) is a device designed to recognize and classify odors. The equipment is built around a series of sensors that detect the presence of odors, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and generate an electric signal (voltage), known as e-nose data, which contains chemical information. In the food business, the use of e-noses for analyses and quality control of fruits and plantation crops has increased in recent years. Their use is particularly relevant due to the lack of non-invasive and inexpensive methods to detect VOCs in crops. However, the majority of reports in the literature involve commercial e-noses, with only a few studies addressing low-cost e-nose (LC-e-nose) devices or providing a data-oriented description to assist researchers in choosing their setup and appropriate statistical methods to analyze crop data. Therefore, the objective of this study is to discuss the hardware of the two most common e-nose sensors: electrochemical (EC) sensors and metal oxide sensors (MOSs), as well as a critical review of the literature reporting MOS-based low-cost e-nose devices used for investigating plantations and fruit crops, including the main features of such devices. Miniaturization of equipment from lab-scale to portable and convenient gear, allowing producers to take it into the field, as shown in many appraised systems, is one of the future advancements in this area. By utilizing the low-cost designs provided in this review, researchers can develop their own devices based on practical demands such as quality control and compare results with those reported in the literature. Overall, this review thoroughly discusses the applications of low-cost e-noses based on MOSs for fruits, tea, and coffee, as well as the key features of their equipment (i.e., advantages and disadvantages) based on their technical parameters (i.e., electronic and physical parts). As a final remark, LC-e-nose technology deserves significant attention as it has the potential to be a valuable quality control tool for emerging countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Vinicius da Silva Ferreira
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Seropédica 23890-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jose Lucena Barbosa
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Seropédica 23890-000, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Mohammed Kamruzzaman
- Department of Agriculture and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Douglas Fernandes Barbin
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma M, Yang X, Ying X, Shi C, Jia Z, Jia B. Applications of Gas Sensing in Food Quality Detection: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:3966. [PMID: 37959084 PMCID: PMC10648483 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Food products often face the risk of spoilage during processing, storage, and transportation, necessitating the use of rapid and effective technologies for quality assessment. In recent years, gas sensors have gained prominence for their ability to swiftly and sensitively detect gases, making them valuable tools for food quality evaluation. The various gas sensor types, such as metal oxide (MOX), metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) gas sensors, surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, colorimetric sensors, and electrochemical sensors, each offer distinct advantages. They hold significant potential for practical applications in food quality monitoring. This review comprehensively covers the progress in gas sensor technology for food quality assessment, outlining their advantages, features, and principles. It also summarizes their applications in detecting volatile gases during the deterioration of aquatic products, meat products, fruit, and vegetables over the past decade. Furthermore, the integration of data analytics and artificial intelligence into gas sensor arrays is discussed, enhancing their adaptability and reliability in diverse food environments and improving food quality assessment efficiency. In conclusion, this paper addresses the multifaceted challenges faced by rapid gas sensor-based food quality detection technologies and suggests potential interdisciplinary solutions and directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhen Ma
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (M.M.); (X.Y.); (Z.J.); (B.J.)
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
| | - Xinting Yang
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (M.M.); (X.Y.); (Z.J.); (B.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ying
- College of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316004, China
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (DAFE), Pisa University, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ce Shi
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (M.M.); (X.Y.); (Z.J.); (B.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (M.M.); (X.Y.); (Z.J.); (B.J.)
- Key Laboratory of Cold Chain Logistics Technology for Agro-Product, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Information Technology in Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Boce Jia
- Information Technology Research Center, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (M.M.); (X.Y.); (Z.J.); (B.J.)
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kumar A, Castro M, Feller JF. Review on Sensor Array-Based Analytical Technologies for Quality Control of Food and Beverages. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4017. [PMID: 37112358 PMCID: PMC10141392 DOI: 10.3390/s23084017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Food quality control is an important area to address, as it directly impacts the health of the whole population. To evaluate the food authenticity and quality, the organoleptic feature of the food aroma is very important, such that the composition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is unique in each aroma, providing a basis to predict the food quality. Different types of analytical approaches have been used to assess the VOC biomarkers and other parameters in the food. The conventional approaches are based on targeted analyses using chromatography and spectroscopies coupled with chemometrics, which are highly sensitive, selective, and accurate to predict food authenticity, ageing, and geographical origin. However, these methods require passive sampling, are expensive, time-consuming, and lack real-time measurements. Alternately, gas sensor-based devices, such as the electronic nose (e-nose), bring a potential solution for the existing limitations of conventional methods, offering a real-time and cheaper point-of-care analysis of food quality assessment. Currently, research advancement in this field involves mainly metal oxide semiconductor-based chemiresistive gas sensors, which are highly sensitive, partially selective, have a short response time, and utilize diverse pattern recognition methods for the classification and identification of biomarkers. Further research interests are emerging in the use of organic nanomaterials in e-noses, which are cheaper and operable at room temperature.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sha J, Xu C, Xu K. Progress of Research on the Application of Nanoelectronic Smelling in the Field of Food. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050789. [PMID: 35630255 PMCID: PMC9145094 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In the past 20 years, the development of an artificial olfactory system has made great progress and improvements. In recent years, as a new type of sensor, nanoelectronic smelling has been widely used in the food and drug industry because of its advantages of accurate sensitivity and good selectivity. This paper reviews the latest applications and progress of nanoelectronic smelling in animal-, plant-, and microbial-based foods. This includes an analysis of the status of nanoelectronic smelling in animal-based foods, an analysis of its harmful composition in plant-based foods, and an analysis of the microorganism quantity in microbial-based foods. We also conduct a flavor component analysis and an assessment of the advantages of nanoelectronic smelling. On this basis, the principles and structures of nanoelectronic smelling are also analyzed. Finally, the limitations and challenges of nanoelectronic smelling are summarized, and the future development of nanoelectronic smelling is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chong Xu
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-024-2469-2899
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin H, Jiang H, Adade SYSS, Kang W, Xue Z, Zareef M, Chen Q. Overview of advanced technologies for volatile organic compounds measurement in food quality and safety. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8226-8248. [PMID: 35357234 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Food quality and nutrition have received much attention in recent decades, thanks to changes in consumer behavior and gradual increases in food consumption. The demand for high-quality food necessitates stringent quality assurance and process control measures. As a result, appropriate analytical tools are required to assess the quality of food and food products. VOCs analysis techniques may meet these needs because they are nondestructive, convenient to use, require little or no sample preparation, and are environmentally friendly. In this article, the main VOCs released from various foods during transportation, storage, and processing were reviewed. The principles of the most common VOCs analysis techniques, such as electronic nose, colorimetric sensor array, migration spectrum, infrared and laser spectroscopy, were discussed, as well as the most recent research in the field of food quality and safety evaluation. In particular, we described data processing algorithms and data analysis captured by these techniques in detail. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of these VOCs analysis techniques in food quality analysis were discussed, as well as future development trends and prospects of this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Hao Jiang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | | | - Wencui Kang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoli Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Zareef
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiang H, He Y, Chen Q. Qualitative identification of the edible oil storage period using a homemade portable electronic nose combined with multivariate analysis. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:3448-3456. [PMID: 33270243 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The edible oil storage period is one of the important indicators for evaluating the intrinsic quality of edible oil. The present study aimed to develop a portable electronic nose device for the qualitative identification of the edible oil storage period. First, four metal oxide semiconductor gas sensors, comprising TGS2600, TGS2611, TGS2620 and MQ138, were selected to prepare a sensor array to assemble a portable electronic nose device. Second, the homemade portable electronic nose device was used to obtain the odor change information of edible oil samples during different storage periods, and the sensor features were extracted. Finally, three pattern recognition methods, comprising linear discriminant analysis (LDA), K-nearest neighbors (KNN) and support vector machines (SVM), were compared to establish a qualitative identification model of the edible oil storage period. The input features and related parameters of the model were optimized by a five-fold cross-validation during the process of model establishment. RESULTS The research results showed that the recognition performance of the non-linear SVM model was significantly better than that of the linear LDA and KNN models, especially in terms of generalization performance, which had a correct recognition rate of 100% when predicting independent samples in the prediction set. CONCLUSION The overall results demonstrate that it is feasible to apply the homemade portable electronic nose device with the help of the appropriate pattern recognition methods to achieve the fast and efficient identification of the edible oil storage period, which provides an effective analysis tool for the quality detection of the edible oil storage. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yingchao He
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Determination of Fatty Acid Content of Rice during Storage Based on Feature Fusion of Olfactory Visualization Sensor Data and Near-Infrared Spectra. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21093266. [PMID: 34065067 PMCID: PMC8125958 DOI: 10.3390/s21093266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study innovatively proposes a feature fusion technique to determine fatty acid content during rice storage. Firstly, a self-developed olfactory visualization sensor was used to capture the odor information of rice samples at different storage periods and a portable spectroscopy system was employed to collect the near-infrared (NIR) spectra during rice storage. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on the pre-processed olfactory visualization sensor data and the NIR spectra, and the number of the best principal components (PCs) based on the single technique model was optimized during the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) modeling. Finally, the optimal PCs were fused at the feature level, and a BPNN detection model based on the fusion feature was established to achieve rapid measurement of fatty acid content during rice storage. The experimental results showed that the best BPNN model based on the fusion feature had a good predictive performance where the correlation coefficient (RP) was 0.9265, and the root mean square error (RMSEP) was 1.1005 mg/100 g. The overall results demonstrate that the detection accuracy and generalization performance of the feature fusion model are an improvement on the single-technique data model; and the results of this study can provide a new technical method for high-precision monitoring of grain storage quality.
Collapse
|
10
|
|
11
|
Tomić M, Šetka M, Vojkůvka L, Vallejos S. VOCs Sensing by Metal Oxides, Conductive Polymers, and Carbon-Based Materials. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:552. [PMID: 33671783 PMCID: PMC7926866 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the recent research efforts and developments in nanomaterials for sensing volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The discussion focuses on key materials such as metal oxides (e.g., ZnO, SnO2, TiO2 WO3), conductive polymers (e.g., polypyrrole, polythiophene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)), and carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes), and their mutual combination due to their representativeness in VOCs sensing. Moreover, it delves into the main characteristics and tuning of these materials to achieve enhanced functionality (sensitivity, selectivity, speed of response, and stability). The usual synthesis methods and their advantages towards their integration with microsystems for practical applications are also remarked on. The literature survey shows the most successful systems include structured morphologies, particularly hierarchical structures at the nanometric scale, with intentionally introduced tunable "decorative impurities" or well-defined interfaces forming bilayer structures. These groups of modified or functionalized structures, in which metal oxides are still the main protagonists either as host or guest elements, have proved improvements in VOCs sensing. The work also identifies the need to explore new hybrid material combinations, as well as the convenience of incorporating other transducing principles further than resistive that allow the exploitation of mixed output concepts (e.g., electric, optic, mechanic).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tomić
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Milena Šetka
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Lukaš Vojkůvka
- Silicon Austria Labs, Microsystem Technologies, High Tech Campus Villach, Europastraβe 12, A-9524 Villach, Austria;
| | - Stella Vallejos
- Institute of Microelectronics of Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain;
- CEITEC—Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Development of a portable electronic nose based on a hybrid filter-wrapper method for identifying the Chinese dry-cured ham of different grades. J FOOD ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2020.110250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
13
|
Qualitative identification of rice actual storage period using olfactory visualization technique combined with chemometrics analysis. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
14
|
Jiang H, Liu T, Chen Q. Dynamic monitoring of fatty acid value in rice storage based on a portable near-infrared spectroscopy system. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 240:118620. [PMID: 32599483 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid value of rice is one of the important indexes to reflect its freshness. A portable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) system was designed and assembled to dynamically monitor fatty acid values in rice storage in this study. First, the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of rice samples in different storage periods were obtained using the portable NIRS system. Then, a weighted multiplicative scatter correction with variable selection (WMSCVS) algorithm was applied to the original spectra for scattering correction, and to compress variable space for achieving characteristic wavelengths. Finally, a partial least square (PLS) regression model was established using the characteristic wavelengths to realize the rapid monitoring of fatty acid values in rice storage. The results showed that the performance of the optimal PLS model based on the features by the WMSCVS algorithm was significantly better than those of the optimal PLS models based on SNV and MSC pre-processing spectra, with the determination coefficient (RP2) of 0.9615 and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.3626 in the predictive process. The overall results demonstrate that it is feasible to use the portable NIRS system developed by our team to quickly monitor the fatty acid values in rice storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiang H, Liu T, He P, Ding Y, Chen Q. Rapid measurement of fatty acid content during flour storage using a color-sensitive gas sensor array: Comparing the effects of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms on sensor features. Food Chem 2020; 338:127828. [PMID: 32822904 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The fatty acid content of flour is an important indicator for determining the deterioration of flour. We propose a novel rapid measurement method for fatty acid content during flour storage based on a self-designed color-sensitive gas sensor array. First, a color-sensitive gas sensor array was prepared to capture the odor changes during flour storage. The sensor features were then optimized using genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Finally, back propagation neural network (BPNN) models were established to measure the fatty acid content during flour storage. Experimental results showed that the optimization effects of the three algorithms improved in the following order: GA < ACO < PSO, for the sensor features optimization. In the validation set, the determination coefficient of the best PSO-BPNN model was 0.9837. The overall results demonstrate that the models established on the optimized features can realize rapid measurements of fatty acid content during flour storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jiang
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| | - Tong Liu
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Peihuan He
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Yuhan Ding
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Quansheng Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu X, Lu L, Guo Z, Zhu Z. Volatile compounds, affecting factors and evaluation methods for rice aroma: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
17
|
Rusinek R, Gancarz M, Nawrocka A. Application of an electronic nose with novel method for generation of smellprints for testing the suitability for consumption of wheat bread during 4-day storage. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
18
|
Pascual Espada J, García‐Díaz V, Núñez‐Valdéz ER, González Crespo R. Real‐time force doors detection system using distributed sensors and neural networks. INT J INTELL SYST 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/int.22161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|