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Martins IML, de Paula AMB, Caldeira AP, Oliveira LB, Fernandes LF. Factors associated with survival in patients with visceral leishmaniasis treated at a reference hospital in northern Minas Gerais - Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2024; 57:e004012024. [PMID: 38422344 PMCID: PMC10890824 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0045-2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health problem and is a relevant cause of death in developing countries. This study aimed to evaluate the 20-year survival and predictors of worse prognosis in patients with VL admitted to a reference hospital for the treatment of infectious diseases between 1995 and 2016 in northern Minas Gerais, an area of high endemicity for VL. METHODS This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a hospital in northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. All patients with VL were evaluated over a 20-year period. The medical records were thoroughly analyzed. Cox regression analysis was performed to estimate factors associated with the probability of survival. RESULTS The cohort included 972 individuals, mostly male children <10 years old, from urban areas who presented at admission with the classic triad of fever, hepatosplenomegaly, and skin pallor. The mean hemoglobin level was 7.53 mg/dl. The mean interval between symptom onset and hospital admission was 40 days. The instituted therapies ranged from pentavalent antimonates to amphotericin, or both. The probability of survival was reduced to 78% one year after symptom onset. Hemoglobin levels and age were strongly associated with the probability of survival. CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the mechanism underlying the reduction in hemoglobin and the non-modifiable factors of age, early initiation of drug treatment is the most appropriate strategy for increasing survival in patients with VL, which challenges health systems to reduce the interval between the onset of symptoms and hospital admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Monteiro Lima Martins
- Universidades Estadual de Montes Claros, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
- Centro Universitário UNIFIPMOC, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Antônio Prates Caldeira
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Departamento de Saúde da Mulher e da Criança, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
- Centro Universitário UNIFIPMOC, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Lanuza Borges Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Departamento de Enfermagem, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
- Centro Universitário UNIFIPMOC, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - Luciano Freitas Fernandes
- Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros, Hospital Universitário Clemente Faria, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
- Centro Universitário UNIFIPMOC, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
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Pal R, Teli G, Akhtar MJ, Matada GSP. Synthetic product-based approach toward potential antileishmanial drug development. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115927. [PMID: 37976706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease and is categorized as a tropically neglected disease (NTD) with no effective vaccines available. The available chemotherapeutics against leishmaniasis are associated with an increase in the incidence of toxicity and drug resistance. Consequently, targeting metabolic pathways and enzymes of parasites which differs from the mammalian host can be exploited to treat and overcome the resistance. The classical methods of identifying the structural fragments and the moieties responsible for the biological activities from the standard compounds and their modification are options for developing more effective novel compounds. Significant progress has been made in refining the development of potent non-toxic molecules and addressing the limitations of the current treatment available. Several examples of synthetic product-based approach utilizing their core heterocyclic rings including furan, pyrrole, thiazole, imidazole, pyrazole, triazole, quinazoline, quinoline, pyrimidine, coumarin, indole, acridine, oxadiazole, purine, chalcone, carboline, phenanthrene and metal containing derivatives and their structure-activity relationships are discussed in this review. It also analyses the groups/fragments interacting with the host cell receptors and will support the medicinal chemists with novel antileishmanial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pal
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India
| | - Ghanshyam Teli
- School of Pharmacy, Sangam University, Atoon, Bhilwara, 311001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Md Jawaid Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National University of Science and Technology, PO 620, PC 130, Azaiba Bousher, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Gurubasavaraja Swamy Purawarga Matada
- Integrated Drug Discovery Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Acharya & BM Reddy College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, 560107, Karnataka, India.
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Negm A, Al-Faiyz YS, Riyadh SM, Sayed AR. Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic Activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy of Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles. Curr Org Synth 2024; 21:1081-1090. [PMID: 37936471 DOI: 10.2174/0115701794264504231017113027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterocyclic materials-containing thiazoles exhibited incredible importance in pharmaceutical chemistry and drug design due to their extensive biological properties. METHODS Synthesis of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles from the reaction of 2-((6-Nitrobenzo[ d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide with hydrazonoyl chlorides in dioxane and in the existence of triethylamine as basic catalyst. The antioxidant, in vitro antiproliferative, and cytotoxicity efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were measured. RESULTS In this work, novel series of 5-methyl-2-(2-(-(6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene) hydrazinyl)-4-(aryldiazenyl)thiazoles (4a-f) were prepared via the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides 2a-f with 2-((6-nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methylene)hydrazine-1-carbothioamide (1) in dioxane and employing triethylamine as basic catalyst. Following the same procedure, bisthiazoles (6, 8, and 10) have been synthesized by utilizing bis-hydrazonoyl chlorides (5, 7, and 9) and carbothioamide 1 in a molar ratio (1:2), respectively. The distinctive features in the structure of isolated products were elucidated by spectroscopic tools and elemental analyses. The antioxidant, in vitro anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity, and anti-cancer efficacy of thiazoles and bis-thiazoles were evaluated. Compounds 4d and 4f were the most potent antioxidant agents. Gene expression of apoptosis markers and fragmentation assay of DNA were assessed to explore the biochemical mechanism of synthesized products. Thiazoles significantly inhibited cell growth and proliferation more than bis-thiazoles. They induced apoptosis through induction of apoptotic gene expression P53 and downregulation of antiapoptotic gene expression Bcl-2. Moreover, they induced fragmentation of DNA in cancer cells, indicating that they could be employed as anticancer agents by inhibiting tumor growth and progression and can be considered effective compounds in the strategy of anti-cancer agents' discovery. CONCLUSION Synthesis, DPPH Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic activity, and Apoptosis Induction Efficacy based on Novel Thiazoles and Bis-thiazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Negm
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Yasair S Al-Faiyz
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed M Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Almunawrah, 30002, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelwahed R Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-suef, 62514, Egypt
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Al-Ghorbani M, Alharbi O, Al-Odayni AB, Abduh NAY. Quinoline- and Isoindoline-Integrated Polycyclic Compounds as Antioxidant, and Antidiabetic Agents Targeting the Dual Inhibition of α-Glycosidase and α-Amylase Enzymes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1222. [PMID: 37765030 PMCID: PMC10535292 DOI: 10.3390/ph16091222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel analogs of quinoline and isoindoline containing various heterocycles, such as tetrazole, triazole, pyrazole, and pyridine, were synthesized and characterized using FT-IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy, and their antioxidant and antidiabetic activities were investigated. The previously synthesized compound 1 was utilized in conjugation with ketone-bearing tetrazole and isoindoline-1,3-dione to synthesize Schiff's bases 2 and 3. Furthermore, hydrazide 1 was treated with aryledines to provide pyrazoles 4a-c. Compound 5 was obtained by treating 1 with potassium thiocyanate, which was then cyclized in a basic solution to afford triazole 6. On the other hand, pyridine derivatives 7a-d and 8a-d were synthesized using 2-(4-acetylphenyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione via a one-pot condensation reaction with aryl aldehydes and active methylene compounds. From the antioxidant and antidiabetic studies, compound 7d showed significant antioxidant activity with an EC50 = 0.65, 0.52, and 0.93 mM in the free radical scavenging assays (DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide anion radicals). It also displayed noteworthy inhibitory activity against both enzymes α-glycosidase (IC50: 0.07 mM) and α-amylase (0.21 mM) compared to acarbose (0.09 mM α-glycosidase and 0.25 mM for α-amylase), and higher than in the other compounds. During in silico assays, compound 7d exhibited favorable binding affinities towards both α-glycosidase (-10.9 kcal/mol) and α-amylase (-9.0 kcal/mol) compared to acarbose (-8.6 kcal/mol for α-glycosidase and -6.0 kcal/mol for α-amylase). The stability of 7d was demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations and estimations of the binding free energy throughout the simulation session (100 ns).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Ghorbani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Ulla, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osama Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Ulla, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdel-Basit Al-Odayni
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Naaser A. Y. Abduh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Iqbal Y, Akhtar T, Haroon M, Mehmood H, Nizami T, Tahir E, Ehsan M. 4-Adamantyl-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazoles as potential antidiabetic agents: experimental and docking studies. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:599-613. [PMID: 37140092 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To develop an efficient and cost-effective antidiabetic agent. Methods: A simple and convenient Hantzsch synthetic strategy was used to prepare 4-adamantyl-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazoles. Results: Fifteen newly established structures of 4-adamantyl-(2-(arylidene)hydrazinyl)thiazoles were tested for their α-amylase, antiglycation and antioxidant activities. Almost all tested compounds showed excellent α-amylase inhibition. Compounds 3a and 3j exhibited the highest potency, with IC50 values of 16.34 ± 2.67 and 16.64 ± 1.12 μM, respectively. Compounds 3c and 3i exhibited comparable antiglycation potential with the standard, aminoguanidine. The antioxidant potential of compound 3g was found to be excellent, with an IC50 value of 28.19 ± 0.2563 μM. The binding interactions of compound 3a (binding energy = -8.833 kcal/mol) with human pancreatic α-amylase identified 3a as a potent α-amylase inhibitor. Conclusion: Enrichment of established structures with more electron-donating functionalities may assist/lead to the development of more potent antidiabetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasir Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Tashfeen Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haroon
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Major Muhammad Afzal Khan (Shaheed), Boys Degree College Afzalpur (Affiliated with Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E. High Street, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA
| | - Hasnain Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Tauqir Nizami
- Deputy Director ORIC, University of Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ehsaan Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, Mirpur University of Science & Technology (MUST), 10250-Mirpur (AJK), Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Bionano-Chemistry Lab, Department of Bionano Engineering, Hanyang University, Ansan, 155-88, Korea
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Henriquez-Figuereo A, Morán-Serradilla C, Angulo-Elizari E, Sanmartín C, Plano D. Small molecules containing chalcogen elements (S, Se, Te) as new warhead to fight neglected tropical diseases. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115002. [PMID: 36493616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) encompass a group of infectious diseases with a protozoan etiology, high incidence, and prevalence in developing countries. As a result, economic factors constitute one of the main obstacles to their management. Endemic countries have high levels of poverty, deprivation and marginalization which affect patients and limit their access to proper medical care. As a matter of fact, statistics remain uncollected in some affected areas due to non-reporting cases. World Health Organization and other organizations proposed a plan for the eradication and control of the vector, although many of these plans were halted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite of the available drugs to treat these pathologies, it exists a lack of effectiveness against several parasite strains. Treatment protocols for diseases such as American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease), leishmaniasis, and human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) have not achieved the desired results. Unfortunately, these drugs present limitations such as side effects, toxicity, teratogenicity, renal, and hepatic impairment, as well as high costs that have hindered the control and eradication of these diseases. This review focuses on the analysis of a collection of scientific shreds of evidence with the aim of identifying novel chalcogen-derived molecules with biological activity against Chagas disease, leishmaniasis and HAT. Compounds illustrated in each figure share the distinction of containing at least one chalcogen element. Sulfur (S), selenium (Se), and tellurium (Te) have been grouped and analyzed in accordance with their design strategy, chemical synthesis process and biological activity. After an exhaustive revision of the related literature on S, Se, and Te compounds, 183 compounds presenting excellent biological performance were gathered against the different causative agents of CD, leishmaniasis and HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Henriquez-Figuereo
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Cristina Morán-Serradilla
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Angulo-Elizari
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sanmartín
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Daniel Plano
- University of Navarra, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; Institute of Tropical Health, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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7
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Cruz Filho IJDA, Oliveira JFDE, Santos ACS, Pereira VRA, Lima MCADE. Synthesis of 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds: in silico and in vitro evaluations as leishmanicidal and trypanocidal agents. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20220538. [PMID: 37132749 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320220538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases are a diverse group of communicable pathologies that mainly prevail in tropical and subtropical regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological potential of eight 4-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazole compounds. Tests were carried out in silico to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties, the antioxidant, cytotoxic activities in animal cells and antiparasitic activities were evaluated against the different forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro. The in silico study showed that the evaluated compounds showed good oral availability. In a preliminary in vitro study, the compounds showed moderate to low antioxidant activity. Cytotoxicity assays show that the compounds showed moderate to low toxicity. In relation to leishmanicidal activity, the compounds presented IC50 values that ranged from 19.86 to 200 µM for the promastigote form, while for the amastigote forms, IC50 ranged from 101 to more than 200 µM. The compounds showed better results against the forms of T. cruzi with IC50 ranging from 1.67 to 100 µM for the trypomastigote form and 1.96 to values greater than 200 µM for the amastigote form. This study showed that thiazole compounds can be used as future antiparasitic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iranildo José DA Cruz Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamerson F DE Oliveira
- University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), Av. da Abolição, 3, Centro 62790-970 Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Aline Caroline S Santos
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria R A Pereira
- Oswaldo Cruz Pernambuco Foundation (Fiocruz/PE), Department of Immunology, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maria Carmo A DE Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Brioschi MBC, Coser EM, Coelho AC, Gadelha FR, Miguel DC. Models for cytotoxicity screening of antileishmanial drugs: what has been done so far? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2022; 60:106612. [PMID: 35691601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2022.106612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have demonstrated the in vitro potential of an impressive number of antileishmanial candidates in the past years. However, the lack of uniformity regarding the choice of cell types for cytotoxicity assays may lead to uncomparable and inconclusive data. In vitro assays relying solely on non-phagocytic cell models may not represent a realistic result as the effect of an antileishmanial agent should ideally be presented based on its cytotoxicity profile against reticuloendothelial system cells. In the present review, we have assembled studies published in the scientific literature from 2015 to 2021 that explored leishmanicidal candidates, emphasising the main host cell models used for cytotoxicity assays. The pros and cons of different host cell types as well as primary cells and cell lines are discussed in order to draw attention to the need to establish standardised protocols for preclinical testing when assessing new antileishmanial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B C Brioschi
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth M Coser
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriano C Coelho
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Gadelha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo C Miguel
- Department of Animal Biology-Parasitology Section, Biology Institute, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Rubio-Hernández M, Alcolea V, Pérez-Silanes S. Potential of sulfur-selenium isosteric replacement as a strategy for the development of new anti-chagasic drugs. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106547. [PMID: 35667455 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment for Chagas disease is based on only two drugs: benznidazole and nifurtimox. Compounds containing sulfur (S) in their structure have shown promising results in vitro and in vivo against Trypanosoma cruzi, the parasite causing Chagas disease. Notably, some reports show that the isosteric replacement of S by selenium (Se) could be an interesting strategy for the development of new compounds for the treatment of Chagas disease. To date, the activity against T. cruzi of three Se- containing groups has been compared with their S counterparts: selenosemicarbazones, selenoquinones, and selenocyanates. More studies are needed to confirm the positive results of Se compounds. Therefore, we have investigated S compounds described in the literature tested against T. cruzi. We focused on those tested in vivo that allowed isosteric replacement to propose their Se counterparts as promising compounds for the future development of new drugs against Chagas disease.
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Saedi AM, Farghaly TA, Shaaban MR. Fluorinated azole anticancer drugs: Synthesis, elaborated structure elucidation and docking studies. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gouveia ALA, Santos FAB, Alves LC, Cruz-Filho IJ, Silva PR, Jacob ITT, Soares JCS, Santos DKDN, Souza TRCL, Oliveira JF, Lima MDCA. Thiazolidine derivatives: In vitro toxicity assessment against promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania infantum and ultrastructural study. Exp Parasitol 2022; 236-237:108253. [PMID: 35381223 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Neglected diseases, such as Leishmaniasis, constitute a group of communicable diseases that occur mainly in tropical countries. Considered a public health problem with limited treatment. Therefore, there is a need for new therapies. In this sense, our proposal was to evaluate in vitro two series of thiazolidine compounds (7a-7e and 8a-8e) against Leishmania infantum. We performed in vitro evaluations through macrophage cytotoxicity assays (J774) and nitric oxide production, activity against promastigotes and amastigotes, as well as ultrastructural analyzes in promastigotes. In the evaluation of cytotoxicity, the thiazolidine compounds presented CC50 values between 8.52 and 126.83 μM. Regarding the evaluation against the promastigote forms, the IC50 values ranged between 0.42 and 142.43 μM. Compound 7a was the most promising, as it had the lowest IC50. The parasites treated with compound 7a showed several changes, such as cell body shrinkage, shortening and loss of the flagellum, intense mitochondrial edema and cytoplasmic vacuolization, leading the parasite to cell inviability. In assays against the amastigote forms, the compound showed a low IC50 (0.65 μM). These results indicate that compound 7a was efficient for both evolutionary forms of the parasite. In silico studies suggest that the compound has good oral bioavailability. These results show that compound 7a is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of Leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allana L A Gouveia
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Fábio A B Santos
- Aggeu Magalhães Institut. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Alves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institut. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (IAM-FIOCRUZ), 50670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iranildo José Cruz-Filho
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Paula R Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Iris T T Jacob
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - José Cleberson S Soares
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dayane K D N Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Tulio Ricardo C L Souza
- Rural University of Pernambuco, Academic Unit of Belo Jardim, 55156-580, Belo Jardim, PE, Brazil
| | - Jamerson F Oliveira
- University for the International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony (UNILAB), 62790-970, Redenção, CE, Brazil
| | - Maria do Carmo A Lima
- Federal University of Pernambuco, Department of Antibiotics, Center for Biosciences, 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Dawood KM, Raslan MA, Abbas AA, Mohamed BE, Abdellattif MH, Nafie MS, Hassan MK. Novel Bis-Thiazole Derivatives: Synthesis and Potential Cytotoxic Activity Through Apoptosis With Molecular Docking Approaches. Front Chem 2021; 9:694870. [PMID: 34458233 PMCID: PMC8397418 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.694870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of bis-thiazoles 5a-g were synthesized from bis-thiosemicarbazone 3 with hydrazonoyl chlorides 4a-g. Reaction of 3 with two equivalents of α-halocarbonyl compounds 6-8, 10, and 12a-d afforded the corresponding bis-thiazolidines 9, 11, and 13a-d, respectively. Condensation of bis-thiazolidin-4-one 9 with different aromatic aldehydes furnished bis-thiazolidin-4-ones 14a-d. Compounds 5a-g, 9, and 13a,c,d were screened in vitro for their cytotoxic activities in a panel of cancer cell lines. Compounds 5a-c, 5f-g, and 9 exhibited remarkable cytotoxic activities, especially compound 5c with potent IC50 value 0.6 nM (against cervical cancer, Hela cell line) and compound 5f with high IC50 value 6 nM (against ovarian cancer, KF-28 cell line). Compound 5f-induced appreciated apoptotic cell death was measured as 82.76% associated with cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. The apoptotic pathways activated in KF-28 cells treated with 5a, 5b, and 5f were further investigated. The upregulation of some pro-apoptotic genes, bax and puma, and the downregulation of some anti-apoptotic genes including the Bcl-2 gene were observed, indicating activation of the mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Together with the molecular docking studies of compounds 5a and 5b, our data revealed potential Pim-1 kinase inhibition through their high binding affinities indicated by inhibition of phosphorylated C-myc as a downstream target for Pim-1 kinase. Our study introduces a set of bis-thiazoles with potent anti-cancer activities, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal M. Dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Raslan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Ashraf A. Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Belal E. Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed S. Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed K. Hassan
- Biotechnology Program, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
- Center for Genomics, Helmy Institute, Zewail City for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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Santana W, de Oliveira SSC, Ramos MH, Santos ALS, Dolabella SS, Souto EB, Severino P, Jain S. Exploring Innovative Leishmaniasis Treatment: Drug Targets from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Findings. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100336. [PMID: 34369662 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a group of tropical diseases caused by parasitic protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The disease is categorized in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (MCL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The conventional treatment is complex and can present high toxicity and therapeutic failures. Thus, there is a continuing need to develop new treatments. In this review, we focus on the novel molecules described in the literature with potential leishmanicidal activity, categorizing them in pre-clinical (in vitro, in vivo), drug repurposing and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanessa Santana
- Post-Graduation Program in Industrial Biotechnology, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Simone S C de Oliveira
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Department of General Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana H Ramos
- Post-Graduation Program in Industrial Biotechnology, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Department of General Microbiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvio S Dolabella
- Laboratory of Entomology and Tropical Parasitology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Eliana B Souto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Coimbra, Portugal.,CEB - Center of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Severino
- Post-Graduation Program in Industrial Biotechnology, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil.,Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Sona Jain
- Post-Graduation Program in Industrial Biotechnology, University of Tiradentes, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
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Gupta O, Pradhan T, Bhatia R, Monga V. Recent advancements in anti-leishmanial research: Synthetic strategies and structural activity relationships. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 223:113606. [PMID: 34171661 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a parasitic neglected tropical disease caused by various species of Leishmania parasite. Despite tremendous advancements in the therapeutic sector and drug development strategies, still the existing anti-leishmanial agents are associated with some clinical issues like drug resistance, toxicity and selectivity. Therefore, several research groups are continuously working towards the development of new therapeutic candidates to overcome these issues. Many potential heterocyclic moieties have been explored for this purpose including triazoles, chalcones, chromone, thiazoles, thiosemicarbazones, indole, quinolines, etc. It is evident from the literature that the majority of anti-leishmanial agents act by interacting with key regulators including PTR-I, DHFR, LdMetAP1, MAPK, 14 α-demethylase and pteridine reductase-I, etc. Also, these tend to induce the production of ROS which causes damage to parasites. In the present compilation, authors have summarized various significant synthetic procedures for anti-leishmanial agents reported in recent years. A brief description of the pharmacological potentials of synthesized compounds along with important aspects related to structural activity relationship has been provided. Important docking outcomes highlighting the possible mode of interaction for the reported compounds have also been included. This review would be helpful to the scientific community to design newer strategies and also to develop novel therapeutic candidates against leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojasvi Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Tathagata Pradhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Bhatia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
| | - Vikramdeep Monga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, GT Road, Ghal Kalan, Moga, 142001, Punjab, India.
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Petrou A, Fesatidou M, Geronikaki A. Thiazole Ring-A Biologically Active Scaffold. Molecules 2021; 26:3166. [PMID: 34070661 PMCID: PMC8198555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. OBJECTIVE To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. RESULTS Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Athina Geronikaki
- School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece; (A.P.); (M.F.)
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Vasconcelos Gomes de Oliveira V, Angela Aranda de Souza M, Ramos Mororó Cavalcanti R, Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso M, Lima Leite AC, de Figueiredo RCBQ, Rogério de Freitas Silva S, Câmara Alves L, Amaro da Silva Junior V. Study of acute oral toxicity of the thiazole derivative N-(1-methyl-2-methyl-pyridine)-N-(p-bromophenylthiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine in a Syrian hamster. Toxicol Mech Methods 2021; 31:197-204. [PMID: 33349088 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2020.1867681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The thiazole derivative N-1-methyl-2-methyl-pyridine)-N-(p-bromophenylthiazol-2-yl)-hydrazine was used to evaluate the acute oral toxicity in Syrian hamsters. The concentration of the doses (300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg) were based on the "Class Acute Toxicity Method" displayed in the OECD-423 guide. In addition, renal and liver biochemical tests were performed, as well as histopathological analysis. Our results showed that the compound's lethal dose (LD50) was 1000 mg/kg and classified as category 4 according to the criteria adopted in the experiment's protocol. Biochemical analysis of the liver function's parameters showed that the LD50 values in all animals were higher than the reference values. However, the analyze of the kidney injury parameters showed an increase in the urea's dosage but a decrease in the albumin's dosage in all animals when compared to the reference values. Kidney biochemical analysis also showed that creatinine's level was only higher than the reference values in one animal. Massive damages in the liver were observed, such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the hepatocyte, coagulation necrosis, the presence of mononuclear cells in the sinusoidal capillaries, steatosis, cholestasis, and congestion of sinusoidal capillaries and central-lobular veins. The animals presented renal injuries related to congestion of glomerular and interstitial capillaries, nephrosis of contorted proximal and distal tubules and congestion in the medullary region. In conclusion, the thiazole derivative was well tolerated although it caused acute liver and kidney damages. Therefore, these results showed the need of further investigation of this compound in vivo to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects with chronic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Vasconcelos Gomes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil.,Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Leucio Câmara Alves
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Brasil
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Mena-Rejón G, Pérez-Navarro Y, Torres-Romero JC, Vázquez-Carrillo L, Carballo RM, Arreola R, Herrera-España Á, Arana-Argáez V, Quijano-Quiñones R, Fernández-Sánchez JM, Alvarez-Sánchez ME. Antitrichomonal activity and docking analysis of thiazole derivatives as TvMP50 protease inhibitors. Parasitol Res 2020; 120:233-241. [PMID: 33073325 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis, caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infection that affects over 170 million people worldwide. The only type of drug recommended for the therapeutic control of trichomoniasis is the 5-nitroimidazoles, although there have been reports of some undesirable side effects and clinical resistance. Hence, the need for the search for new tricomonicidal agents is necessary. In a previous work, we demonstrated that two 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole derivatives (ATZ-1 and ATZ-2) possess a portent antigiardial effect. In the current paper, we investigated the in vitro antitrichomonal activity of these thiazole compounds. Both ATZ-1 and ATZ-2 reduced the viability and growth of parasites in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 0.15 μg/mL and 0.18 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both thiazole compounds were able to decrease the proteolytic activity in T. vaginalis trophozoites compared with untreated parasites. Interestingly, a full proteolytic inhibition profile was observed in the 50-kDa region which was associated with the decreased expression of the gene that codes for the trichomonad protease TvMP50. The docking simulations predicted strong interactions of the thiazole compounds in the TvMP50 protease's active site, suggesting a possible role as protease inhibitors. Our results demonstrate the potential of 2-amino-4-aryl thiazole derivatives as trichomonicidal compounds and could be, mechanistically, involved in the inhibition of key trichomonad proteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Mena-Rejón
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Yussel Pérez-Navarro
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo # 290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, México City, México
| | - Julio César Torres-Romero
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Laura Vázquez-Carrillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo # 290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, México City, México
| | - Rubén M Carballo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Rodrigo Arreola
- Psychiatric Genetics Department, Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Psychiatry, Ramón de la Fuente, Calzada México-Xochimilco 101, Colonia San Lorenzo Huipulco, Tlalpan, 14370, México City, DF, México
| | - Ángel Herrera-España
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Victor Arana-Argáez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Ramiro Quijano-Quiñones
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Calle 43 S/N entre calle 96 y calle 40, Colonia Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jose Manuel Fernández-Sánchez
- División de Ingeniería en Gestión Empresarial, Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Ecatepec, Avenida Tecnológico S/N, Colonia Valle de Anahuac, Ecatepec de Morelos, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - María Elizbeth Alvarez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), San Lorenzo # 290, Col. Del Valle, CP 03100, México City, México.
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